This study's primary purpose was monitoring of conservancy operation Measures. The fixed sections within ekopark Storklinten owned by the forest company Sveaskog. These Measures are performed with the purpose of creating and maintaining hardwood forest and mimic natural processes. The sections were divided into different categories depending on the type of Measures they were exposed with. The monitoring showed that the purpose of these Measures was fulfilled in general.

Restoration projects are planned and carried out in order to reduce the impact due to anthropogenic influence and to achieve at least good ecological status according to the EU Water Framework Directive. The resilience effort of such restorations is however ambiguous. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of follow up restoration Measures in Swedish lakes and streams. In particular, we visualized the geographical spread of restoration Measures in Sweden and quantified the different types of Measures that were implemented so far. Further, we evaluated the extent of sampling of biological factors before and after the restoration Measures have occurred. For the purpose of our study, we used the recently compiled national database of restoration Measures in Swedish lakes and streams.

The object of this essay is to discuss the relationship between the definition of the concept of gender equality and attitudes towards gender equality and their consequences for gender equality Measures. The point of departure is feminist political theory and interviews about attitudes towards gender equality at a department at the University of Linköping. The conclusions of this study is that there are a wide range of definitions and attitudes, and these conceptions are not necessarily the same as those being pointed out in the official gender equality policy at the University of Linköping. In this study the opinions of Measures for gender equality among the interviewed are widely spread. Some finding Swedish men and women already being equal and therefore there is no need for Measures, since this would result in discrimination of men since women would gain advantages from being women.

In family firms altruistic effects can arise in order to preserve the ownership of the firm within the family. The family firm may chose to carry or take Measures against these effects. Regardless, it will lead to different agent costs. Therefore, the aims of the study were to explain how altruistic effects in family firms exert an influence on the administrative systems and possible counter Measures.In order to explain the origin of altruistic effects, we built a theory which showed that the altruistic effects were followed by agent costs. The family can take Measures to counteract these original effects.

Traditionally risk-based Measures have been used to assess animal welfare in legislation and certification schemes. With increased knowledge and research, debate today tends to focus on and advocate the use of animal-based Measures. However this is not a panacea for welfare and the most sound conclusion should be that assessment of animal welfare needs both. The aim of this thesis is to identify the points that need to be taken into consideration to find the optimal balance in the use of input and outcome Measures according to the aim of the assessment and how these should be applied when designing a certification scheme? To answer this, a comparison of the use of resource-based, management-based and animal-based Measures in two certification schemes for dairy cow welfare, Freedom Food (UK) and Svenskt Sigill (SWE), was made.

This thesis investigates whether it is accordance between the different profit Measures in the financial market. The first aim of the thesis is to examine if it exists a difference between the profit Measures that companies publish in their fourth quarter interim report and the Measures that they state in their annual report, issued some months later. The second aim is to examine whether there is a divergence in definitions and the assumption regarding the risk of bankruptcy between profit Measures published by companies and analysts. The study focuses on Swedish companies listed on the OMX Stockholm Large Cap and concerns the years of 2006 and 2007. The analysts interviewed are working in Sweden with listed Swedish companies.

This thesis aims to investigate if peer-groups based on industry classification perform as well as, or better than, peer-groups based on other Measures that represent factors affecting the price-to-earnings multiple. In contrast with previous empirical studies, a solid theoretical approach is used in defining which factors, according to valuation theory, affect the P/E-ratio. The factors identified as explanatory are accounting Measures, risk and growth. Furthermore, we have recognized several Measures that represent these factors. These Measures are tested for accuracy of prediction in terms of the P/E-ratio for peer-groups based on these Measures relative to an industry classified peer-group.

A performance measurement system can be used as a means to evaluate past performances and to communicate prioritizations. It has also been proposed that a performance measurement system can serve as a method to execute strategies, guide in operational decisions and constitute a tool for making the organization more efficient. Yet one may question if such a system will ever reach this capacity if operating managers do not utilize it as a management tool, but rather treat it as a mere report in the bunch. This paper explores how middle managers in fact apply performance Measures and what obstacles there are to integrating them in the management of subunits. Furthermore it serves to investigate whether these managers experience a conflict between how they are expected to use the Measures and what they deem possible to adopt.

The purpose of this study is to get an understanding about how municipalities in Sweden integrate climate-change into the social planning; especially the risk of flooding. To get a good picture of the planning process, background about the following are given; flooding, social planning and protective Measures that can be taken against flooding. Three municipalities in the south of Sweden is studied; Halmstad, Vellinge and Kristianstad. They have in their work progressed differently and Kristianstad is the municipality that already has taken Measures to protect themselves against flooding. The other two have only started to plan for the future threat.

As a result of the Civil Protection Act, there is an imperative for Systematic Fire Preventive Measures, SFPM. SFPM can be divided in two parts: organisational preventive Measures, and documentation of fire preventive Measures. The manner in which SFPM is to be conducted is similar to that of the environmental management system ISO 14001. This report provides suggestions how to integrate SFPM with ISO 14001..

The question of excessive global energy use needs to be solved. All energy production and usage have negative environmental impacts, which are best solved by reducing energy consumption and by using energy more efficiently. A large part of the Swedish energy use is concentrated to the building sector and to reduce the total energy consumption real efforts need to be made to make buildings more energy efficient.The aim of this study was to investigate how energy is used in one of Göteborg University?s buildings and to find Measures that can be taken to improve its energy efficiency. The chosen building Zoologen, is used for research and education.The main method of the study is computer simulations of the present building and of possible energy reducing Measures to be made in the future.

The current paper compares the relations between different Measures of activity and some common neuropsychological tests. One-hundred and fifty five healthy elderly, aged 55 - 85, living in Sweden were included. Gender-specific patterns were found for both activities and correlations between activities and cognitive Measures. The main findings suggest that activities are associated with cognitive speed in men, whereas, for women, active and passive activities correlate, positively and negatively accordingly, with education. In comparison, complex models of activity outperform simpler ones and theory-driven Measures just barely outperform intuitive models..

Gang crime has increased significantly in Sweden over the past decade, deadly shootings are becoming more common. This led to the year 2022 being established as the deadliest year in Swedish crime statistics since the police began compiling national statistics on shootings. Gang crime is, therefore, a highly relevant topic in the Swedish mass media. Besides the mass media, the phenomenon is also of interest to politicians and the general public. Because of the escalation of violence in Sweden, daily reports discuss the Measures that should be implemented to combat gang crime.

The objective of this thesis was firstly to examine the possibilities of creating a universal tool for evaluating IT-security. When all the material was gathered we saw that we had strayed away from our subject and that our focus was on IT-threats and IT-professionals apprehensions and possibilities on the subject. The purpose of this thesis was there after to find and identify threats and counter Measures in publications and later discuss these with IT-professionals. We found and identified several threats that the professionals encountered in their work. These threats ranged from techniques used by hackers to threats that can arise when the users on the network are poorly educated.

The purpose of this study was to implement an energy analysis and environmental evaluation of the property Hemsta 12:16 in Gävle. Based on two different methods, Energy Balance calculation and Environmental Building, the result of the property's energy use, energy performance and environmental impacts are presented. Except that, Measures to reduce final energy consumption are presented.      The proposed Measures can reduce energy usage by 100 400 kWh / year, which represents a decrease of 18% of the present energy usage. This would represent a total savings of 63 000 SEK per year. In addition, the environmental performance is improved by adopting the suggested Measures..