Högbytorp is Ragn-Sells? largest waste facility and it is located north of Stockholm. There is an old Landfill still in use, but at the end of this year it will be closed. The waste deposited on the Landfill can, through decomposition, give rise to a large amount of methane gas, which is an energy rich gas that can be used for heat and electricity production. To receive a relatively large amount of gas, the decomposition requires a high moisture content in the waste.

The demand for biogas as vehicle fuel has risen sharply and there is a great need for increased production. A possible addition of vehicle gas can be produced by upgrading Landfill gas which is formed by degradation of organic waste. This thesis investigates the potential of producing vehicle fuel from Landfill gas in the region of Biogas Öst.In 2008, an amount of 32 million Nm3 Landfill gas was extracted in the region. This level can be maintained for another ten years if the efficiency of gas extraction is improved. The annual production will decrease with time since Landfills aren?t allowed to receive more organic waste.

Deposited waste material degrades within a short period in anaerobic environments. The methane gas that is formed provides a harmful contribute to the greenhouse effect, 23 times larger impact than carbon dioxide. It is therefore desirable to minimize the emissions of methane gas from Landfills. This may be achieved by drain the Landfill of gas. In this thesis the amount of produced methane gas at the Landfill at Örebro has been calculated. Estimations have also been made of the amount of methane gas that might be produced in the Landfill in the future.

It is estimated that 22 000 contaminated areas exist in Sweden today. In order to classify the risk of contaminant migration from these areas and to prioritize which of these contaminated areas should first be treated, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has designed a method, for the investigation of contaminated areas (MIFO). One of these contaminated areas is the Landfill Gräsötippen outside Köping. The Landfill has been used by both Yara AB and the Köping municipality between the years 1945 and 1975, and both industrial and household waste have been deposited there. The aim of this report is to survey which contaminants that can be found in the soil and water in the Landfill Gräsötippen and to evaluate the migration of these contaminants.

The purpose of this thesis has been to assess whether leaching from one particular SwedishLandfill site, Skörbytippen, is contributing to elevated levels of heavy metals in a ditch runningfrom the Landfill site to the lake Mälaren in the communal region of Håbo kommun. Since theditch is stretching approximately five km downstream from the Landfill site, in situ observationsand maps with known points of inflow was utilized to determine appropriate test points for thecollection of samples.Soil, water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for content of organic material, pHand conductivity. Data on plant-available elements and total amounts of heavy metals wasacquired through ICP-analysis.The results show that the Skörby Landfill is currently in the methane-forming anaerobedevelopment phase, which indicates that the concentration of free and complex-bound metals inthe leachate water should be low due to chemical binding with other Landfill compounds. The pHof the sediment samples was generally one unit higher than the soil samples and some of themeasured data, such as pH and conductivity, show that an environmentally disturbing dischargeof some kind of strongly alkaline chemical(s) has been made from Benders? takpanneindustri inclose proximity to the Landfill.

A high degree of urbanization with growing cities has raised a need of transforming closed Landfill sites for giving them new uses. This study aims to investigate how old Landfills can be re-used, what has lead to the new uses, and for what and whom the transformed site will be an asset. The method used is a case study of four different Landfills in Stockholm county, Sweden. The case study is analyzed in the light of former studies regarding re-use of degraded urban areas, so called brownfields, and in particular studies and reports of Landfill re-use. The result indicates that old Landfill sites is identified as an area with possible values if transformed properly, in the case study area especially as green structure and recreation areas.

Att gräva upp och återvinna värdefulla material från gamla deponier har en enorm miljöpotential i form av utvinning av resurser. I dagsläget innebär emellertid sådana återvinningsprojekt stora osäkerheter och därmed ekonomiska risker för företag. Anledningen är att det finns många deponier att välja mellan och dessa skiljer sig ofta åt med avseende på ålder, storlek, typ av avfall och lokalisering vilka alla är faktorer som direkt kan påverka om ett projekt blir lönsamt eller inte. För att minska de ekonomiska riskerna behöver företag i återvinningsbranschen på förhand kunna identifiera skillnader mellan olika deponier. I denna uppsats genomförs en systematisk litteraturöversikt över inventeringar av deponier.

Landfill leachate contains a variety of contaminants and is created when rainwater percolates the Landfill. For Landfill management the leachate is the main issue that can cause problems to the environment. At the Landfill of Fläskebo, Renova AB treats the leachate in a local treatment plant. The treatment consists of a chemical treatment step with chemical precipitation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration, and a final step with a carbon and peat filter. Renova has to ensure that the condition of the leachate reaches the regulation set for the Landfill before it is released to the recipient.

This master thesis encompasses an inventory of the older industrial community of Gimo. Investigations of the contamination situation for each industrial area were done. A risk classification according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency?s ?Method of Surveying Contaminated Sites?, phase one, followed. The risk classification was done on areas of Iron Work, a rockwool industry and a Landfill. Gimo have had iron manufacturing from 1615 until 1945. Gimo have had two blast-furnaces and two smithies periodically.

Important issues for the local authorities are what to do with the sludge produced insewagetreatment plants. The tax for Landfill leads to higher costs with 250 SEK/ton. On the 31December 2004 it will be forbidden to Landfill sludge.In Sweden the yearly production of sludge is 240 000 tons, counted as DS. The phosphorouscontent is 3 % in sludge. The total yearly production of sludge gives 6000 tons of phosphorous.

The purpose of this report is to increase the awareness about the problem that occur when the waste hierarchy is applied to management of contaminated land. The work with remediation of contaminated land in Sweden is part of the efforts towards reaching the national environmental objectives. Therefore a subsidiary aim is to analyze how this influences the prospects of reaching the objectives. The work consists of two parts; a case study and a comparative literature study that focus on England, the Netherlands and Sweden. The case study is intended to provide a practical perspective through a comparison of the climate impact from two methods.

The incineration of waste is steadily increasing in Sweden and so is the production ofashes. The bottom ash has for many years been used as construction material inLandfills. Now many of the nation's Landfills are closed and there is a great need to findanother beneficial use for the ash. Bottom ash is a gravel-like material and with itsmaterial properties it can replace natural gravel in parts of roads and surfaceconstructions. Today this use is only approved within Landfill areas where leachate iscollected and checked.

The incineration of waste is steadily increasing in Sweden and so is the production of ashes. The bottom ash has for many years been used as construction material in Landfills. Now many of the nation's Landfills are closed and there is a great need to find another beneficial use for the ash. Bottom ash is a gravel-like material and with its material properties it can replace natural gravel in parts of roads and surface constructions. Today this use is only approved within Landfill areas where leachate is collected and checked.

A renewed application for environmental permit for the Hovgården Landfill in Uppsala shall be submitted before December 2004, therefore the municipality of Uppsala needs improved knowledge of the contents, mostly organic compounds in the leachate and they also want to find a method to minimize the emissions of these compounds. The purpose of this study was to find a practical and economical method based on chemical oxidation using oxidants. The oxidants investigated are Fenton's reagent, hydrogen peroxide, Oxypro, potassium permanganate and potassium persulfate. The study was made on untreated leachate and leachate that has been treated in an aerated dam followed by sedimentation dams collected from the Hovgården Landfill, and alson on sludge water from sludge storage cells. The effects of the five oxidants have been established by analysing the UV absorbance at the wavelengths 253,7 nm and 260,0 nm at different pH values. The UV absorbance was used to indicate the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons in the water. Also analyses of iron and manganese were done after the experiments with potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and Fenton's reagent.

This report deals with the performance of a batch flow treatment of Landfillleachate compared with a continuous flow system. The parameters in focus were total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), BOD5 and COD. The pilot-scale experiment used eight barrels with a volume of 150 liters. Each barrel was constructed differently concerning its flow, its bed material grain size and its presence of plants or not. Four of the barrels worked in batch mode, thus four in continuous flow mode.