This report reflects an examination work performed for Getrag All Wheel Drive AB during the spring of 2005. Among the companies range of products there exists some concern regarding the amount of clamping force and friction on bolted joints caused by the assembly torque.The aim of this project has been to determine if there is a simple way in which to identify and then practically apply testing methods for clamping force and friction through utilization of existing testing equipment.Three separate methods of clamping force and friction determination have been tested in rear drive unit, RDU, at a 30 Nm assembly torque. A fourth and final method, screw Elongation with ultrasound, has been used as reference. The methods are:?Torque-Tension test.?Screw Elongation with micrometer.?Joint stiffness test.?Screw Elongation with ultra sound for reference.The results from tests can be viewed in table below.MethodTorque-TensionMicrometerCs=318 kN/mm Assembled with torque wrenchMicrometerCs=318 kN/mm Assembled on lineUltra-soundCS=311 kN/mm Ultra- soundCS=318 kN/mm Joint stiffnessTheoreticalClamping force-21,8 kN17,6 kN17,3 kN17,6 kN17,1 kN17,3 kNFriction-0,110,1470,1530,1470,1520,149.

Volvo Cars in Skövde manufacture and assemble Volvo engines. When attaching the ignition coil to all 4-cylinder engines, a special mounting tool is required. This mounting tool is currently manufactured from injection-molded polyoxymethylene (POM), a thermoplastic. It has been noted that the life span of the tool is shortened as a result of abrasive wear that occurs during the attachment process of the ignition coil.An investigation of the possibility of manufacturing the mounting tool with a 3D-printer is undertaken in cooperation with ÅF, a consultant to Volvo Cars. A literature study is first presented to introduce broader knowledge on the subject.

Welding is a common method for joining of metal or plastic construction parts. This report describes several different weld methods in general terms. The report focuses on the GMAW method, specifically MAG welding.A case study has also been performed for the company Wenmec. The task received from the company was to compare the mechanical properties of joints welded with the tube electrode called Nittetsu SM-3A and joints welded with the homogenous electrode called ESAB Aristorod 12.63. Both types of weld joint were welded with the MAG method with an Argon based shielding gas with 18% CO2.

Den här rapporten redovisar examensarbetet vars huvudsyfte var att förstå teori och beräkningsgången bakom förspända betongelement samt att jämföra den med teorin för slakarmerade betongelement. Arbetet valdes eftersom inga kurser under studietiden har beaktat denna typ av utformning samt eftersom tillämningen av kunskapen inom området är stor ute i arbetslivet. Arbetet slutfördes genom inläsning av litteratur samt handledning.Det visade sig efter arbetet var slutfört att några delar av teorin och beräkningsgången bakom förspända betongelement var lik den som används vid slakarmerade betongelement, dock existerade även många skillnader. Likheterna erhålls bland annat vid beräkningarna av moment- och tvärkraftskapaciteterna. Skillnaden är att många extra steg måste utföras vid dimensioneringen, steg som till största del bara av olika kontroller, vilka utfördes bland annat vid dimensioneringen av tillverkningsprocessen och i brottgränstillstånd.Slutligen kunde det konstateras att förspända betongelement har många fördelar, vilka bland annat är att större spännvidder, mindre dimensioner på konstruktionerna samt mindre deformationer kan erhållas.

Detta projekt handlar om att byta motor på ett äldre flygplan en PA28-161 (Piper Cherokee Cadet ) med registreringsbeteckning SE-KMI som ägs av Västerås Flygklubb.SE-KMI är ett äldre flygplan som är tillverkat år 1989 och har en förbrukad motor av typen Lycoming som går på bränslet Avgas 100 LL. Idag möter sådana flygplan stora problem runt om i världen och har svårt att konkurrera med de nyare varianterna. Anledningen till detta är att de har blivit alltmer oekonomiska och icke miljövänliga på grund av den höga bränsleförbrukningen och den ständiga prisökningen på bränslet. En annan faktor som gör situationen ännu svårare är tillgången på bränslet ( Avgas 100 LL ) både i Sverige och runt om i världen.För att man ska kunna hålla flygplanet i drift, så anser man att den bästa lösningen är att byta motorn till en annan typ som ska gå på en typ av bränsle som är billigare, lätt åtkomligt samt har lägre bränsleförbrukning och miljövänligare.  Metoden som används i denna rapport har gått ut på att undersöka marknaden för att samla information om val av ny motor och att ta kontakt med berörda myndigheter för att kolla upp vad lagen säger, att jobba med dokumentationer och att ansöka om nya certifikat.

It has been observed by both onion producers and a plant protection advisor on Öland (an island off the east coast of Sweden) that basal rot is the largest contributory factor to reduced onion quality and yield. Basal rot is mainly caused by species of Fusarium fungi. The aim of this study was to: a) investigate which species of Fusarium that can be found in onion produced on Öland, b) describe the symptoms caused by the different Fusarium fungi found and c) explore, through interviews with the onion producers on Öland, the mechanisms that may be involved in the observed increase in basal rot.Onion bulbs (Allium cepa) were sampled on two occasions. In total 181 onions from 11 different fields were analysed. In addition, eight onion producers were interviewed.

The wide distribution range of our boreal pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provides a great variation in growing conditions and climate/weather factors that influence the wood development of the trees. A great number of extensive studies have been conducted over the years in order to clarify growth trends of this and other species over more or less wide-ranging areas. In this thesis effects of weather factors were instead compared between different forest stands from the about same geographical location. The effects of precipitation, temperature and frost on the year ring characteristics of pine were studied in the research forest of Svartberget Vindeln, in northern Sweden. The stands differed in site index and silvicultural treatment; fertile ? high stem density, fertile ? low stem density, poor ? high stem density and poor ? low stem density.

The effect of methyl jasmonate on resistance against the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) in Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings. A field experiment was conducted in order to determine the dose-response effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on growth and defence to pine weevils in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) and to compare the effect of MJ between pine and spruce. In addition a complementary greenhouse experiment was conducted with the same aims as above and to determine the amount of resin ducts and their correlation to the feeding of pine weevils. The field experiment was conducted on a fresh clear cutting in Garpenberg, southern Dalarna in central Sweden. The experiment consisted of 30 blocks with three kinds of containerized seedlings: 2-year old spruce, small pine (before shoot Elongation) and 1-year old pine (already shoot elongated). They were all exposed to 4 treatments 14 days prior to the experiment: control, 25 mM/L MJ, 50 mM/L MJ and 100 mM/L MJ. Data on weevil damage and seedling growth were collected after the first and the second growing season. The seedlings in the greenhouse experiment were of the same kind and were exposed to the same treatment as the ones in the field experiment.