The aim of this work was to study if the Edge of the forest is more resistant to heavy winds than the trees located further in from the Edge, and how this Edge effect changes between different types of tree species and site types. The data was collected from an electric power line going from the north to the south of Sweden. The mean value of the clearcutted area around the power line was 120 meters. The main direction of the storm in January 2005 was west-southwest and thus the power line was a perfect place for gathering a large data set. The main parameter studied was the damage frequency at the Edge of the forest compared to the trees located further in from the Edge (up to 100 m from the power line). Tree species mixture, soil moisture class, soil type, topography, stand height, stand height of the stand on the other side of the power line and wind exposition was estimated. The results showed a distinct Edge effect. The Edge of the forest had clearly lower damage frequency for all tree species. A marked difference was observed between tree species and damage frequency.

UnderdennastudieharmittsyftevaritattsehurenkulturarvsproduktionskullepåverkasubkulturenStraightEdge,urbådepositivochnegativsynvinkel.StraightEdgeärensubkultursomföddesurenmotreaktionpåpunkensdestruktivaideal.DenärendelavHardcore-­?scenen(HC-­?scenen)ochärbaseradpågrundvärderingenomattavstådroger,alkoholochtobakförrestenavlivet.GenomatttauppfrågorombevarandeochförvaltningavsubkulturenhoppadesjagpåattsXe(StraightEdge)skullekunnablibetraktadurettnyttperspektivdärkulturarvsfrågorkundefåståicentrum.Engenomgåendemetodunderstudienharvaritattgenyanamnåtföreteelserinomsubkulturensomannarsharbetraktatssomvardagliga.AttbenämnaspelningarsomritualerochX:etpådeltagarnashändersomsymbolerhargettmigenchanstilldjupareanalysochnyagrepppåsubkulturen.Underintervjuernamedminainformanterharfråganangåendeinkluderingochexkluderingkommituppochdessatvåbegreppharfåtttastordelavminuppsats.Atthittaenbalansmellanattvarainkluderandeellerexkluderandeverkarvaraettproblemsubkulturentampasmedochminuppsatsharförsöktattbehandladekonsekvensersomkanpåverkasubkulturen,bådepositivaochnegativa.Inkluderingbidrartillenöppensubkultursomkanfåchansenattväxa,medanenexkluderandesubkulturbevararautencitetensomärviktigförattbehålladegrundvärderingarsomsXeäruppbyggdpå.Slutligenharocksåenjämförelsemellansubkulturenochettbefästvärldsarvgjortsförattbreddasynenpåvadettkulturarvkanvara.Därdiskuteraskulturarvsproduktionenskonsekvenserochhursubkulturenkanbådegynnasochhotasavensådanprocess..

Around the world, forests are generally being fragmented and as plant populations decline in both sizeand number of individuals, the genetic variation will also decrease whitch in the end leads to totalextinction of the plant. In this paper, I wanted to investigate what specific species of trees and shrubsyou usually find in the Edge and core habitats in some of the forests in the Baltic Sea region. I alsowanted to identify the Edge effects and their sources and finally compare the results between thedifferent regions.The data sources used are derived from the ongoining research project Landscape structures, patterns ofbiodiversity and conservation strategies in the Baltic Sea region by Kari Lehtilä, Patrik Dinnétz ochTiina Vinter who have made a record of all herbaceous plant species in four randomly chosen forestregions situated around the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Skåne, Södermanland and Germany. I made statisticalanalyses, using the computer program R, concerning the distribution of species in the Edge habitats ofthe forests as well as in the core habitats. I performed generalized linear models and then variationanalyses with the factors light and biomass in order to investigate wether Edge effects might appear dueto these factors.

The Edge or the fringe of the city is often the first part of the city we encounter, and our perception of it will probably color the image we make in our minds of the city as a whole. Even though the fringe of the city is important to the image of the cityscape it has not very often been the direct object of attention either in planning, building or even in the heads of the masters, when big ideas were formed. More often than not the fringe seems like something that just happened over time due to separate landowners, businesses or actions of other financially strong operators. The aim of this essay is to try to describe the history of the city Edge in Sweden, from the very first town in the 10th century until today?s expanding mosaic of different ideas and styles as well as to bring some clarity and order into some of the different ideas and ideals in the planning of the Edge in different eras and to review how the Edge has been shaped and used.

Teknomedia är ett utvecklingsbolag för nya medier inom Norrköpings Tidningars koncern. Teknomedia producerar bland annat produkt? och företagspresentationer, reklamfilm samt webblösningar. De har även utvecklat Edge som är ett publiceringsverktyg för enkel publicering av webbsidor.Under 2005 kommer en lokalTV?kanal att startas av Norrköpings tidningar som ett komplement till morgontidning och webb.

Techniques used in the building of a number of ships from the Mediterranean will be presented in this paper. The two techniques thnat will be discussed are shell-based technique and skeleton-basedtechnique. An attempt to clearify and delineate the transition between these two techniques will be made. The possible reasons for transition will then be described and discussed. The development ofthe techniques is going to be identified with help from four wrecks by analyzing their Edge joineriesand this facts will be used as a basis for a chronological presentation.

Hur musiken fungerar i spelet Mirrrors Edge..

Hur musiken fungerar i spelet Mirrrors Edge..

This paper deals with the question of with witch tools the Alvastra pile dwelling was built. To reach a result I calculate the curvature on 29 stone axes, 8 double-Edged axes and 21 simple-Edged axes, used in the middle-neolithic in what today is Sweden. These results are then compared with two jams (the point in the pole where the axes Edged stopped and left a mark) on two piles from Alvastra pile dwelling..

The Savi?s Warbler (Locustella luscinioides) is a recently established bird species in a few reedy shallow lakes of southern Sweden and has only been found nesting for the last twenty years. Little is known about the species' habitat preferences, breeding biology and demands for specific territory structures at breeding sites in Sweden. KnowlEdge of a newly established species? habitat requirements is essential to maintain a viable population and design action plans.

Gothenburg municipality has a lot of natural water. This paper enhances the function and importance of water in the city. It also deals with the problems of sewage water and flooding. Gothenburg has reached an advanced stage of water planning. By developing a Waterplan, the municipality highlight that water has an important position in the urban planning.

The last decades the populations of wild boar (Sus scrofa) has increased rapidly over the species? entire European range, including Sweden. This is followed by increasing human-wildlife conflicts as a result of the wild boar foraging behavior, causing damage to agricultural crop fields due to trampling and feeding. To be able to minimize damage we need more knowlEdge of where in the fields the risk of damage is high and what features in the landscape that affect this risk. I analyzed damage distribution in relation to the distance to six different landscape features; forest, road, ditch, building, game field and bait station, in the study area, the Island Mörkö in eastern central Sweden.

Ungulates are causing conflicts between stakeholders due to browsing damage on forests and agricultural crops. At the same time there is a big demand of keeping high ungulate densities for sports hunting and recreational purposes. Movement patterns of ungulates are strongly correlated with forage availability. Therefore, measures affecting forage quantity and distribution might be a tool to reduce the economical losses in forestry without decreasing the ungulate densities and thereby decrease the conflict between different interest groups.This study investigated the potential biomass production and utilisation of marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. medullosa), at game fields in Misterhult, Sweden, as well as browsing effects on adjacent forests.

Today green tree retention, together with leaving dead wood, is a common practice with the aim to reduce negative impacts on biodiversity and environment due to clear-felling. To better understand whether this conservation practice also makes a long-term difference, it is important to know what happens to these trees after harvest. Few studies have made an assessment of what happens to retention trees over a longer time period. In this study I inventoried retention trees that were left at clear-cuts six, twelve and eighteen years ago. I carried out a re-inventory of 57 retention patches (divided into free-standing tree groups, small swamp forests and Edge zones) and free standing dead trees, spread over 25 previous clear-cuts in central Sweden.

Sand pits are a valuable habitat which can hold many sand living species including several endangered ones. As many sand habitats with exposed sand are declining, sand pits have a potential as a substitute habitat. This study was conducted to see what effect the area of a sand pit has on species number and composition of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Also, the effects of other environmental variables were tested, for example the proportion open sand, vegetation cover, sun exposure and tree cover. The study was conducted in the county of Uppsala in 2008 and included 13 sand pits with areas between 200 and 180,000 m2.