Effects of Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptives on Sport Performance During the menstrual cycle, there is a variation of the female steriod hormones estrogen and progestogen. These hormones has mainly reproduktive functions, but do also affect other physiological systems, which may have an influence on athletic performance. The use of oral Contraceptives among female athletes matches the use among the general population. There is a concern among female athletes and there coaches weather oral Contraceptives can affect the performance. The purpose of this litterature review is to determine the effect of the menstrual cycle and the use of oral Contraceptives on athletic performance.

The purpose of this study was to find out who young people of today talk to about contraceptive. The main questions that we wanted to answer was from who young people wish to get information about contraceptive and whose advice they listen to and trust the most. Our purpose was also to illustrate the questions from a gender-perspective.We chose two equivalent rural districts, when it comes to the number of inhabitants. The young people who took part are students in ninth grade. We wanted to get a great sample so that the study would be representative of the population.

The aim of this study is to describe and analyze how the European union relates to the different dimensions of abortion. What kind of problem is abortion and whose right is it? Does difference framings of the problem enable different solutions?By analyzing debates from the European parliament through Carol Lee Bacchis method ?What?s the problem approach? I have come to see that different representations of a problem changes the problem it self. This emphasis that a problem is a problem in one context, but not in an other.Depending on the work of, among others, Barbara Hobson and Ailbhe Smyth I have focused upon the European union as a economical project, leaving social issues to national competence. This makes the EU a patriarchal project that fails to guarantee women?s rights.

The subject of this paper is the mediation of norms about sexuality, from personnel working at the Swedish ?ungdomsmottagning? (youth centre for service and counselling about sexual health), to the visiting teenagers. The purpose of the empirical study is to investigate how the staff understands the part of their work that implies giving advice about sexuality; how they work, which norms they have about youth sexuality and how they see their roll as advisers. To answer these questions, I have interviewed six staff members working at different youth centres. Three of them work as social counsellors and three as midwifes.The main area of work at the centre consists of individual appointments, but another important task is meeting with school classes visiting for purposes of study.

Introduction: Studies have shown that women are not always satisfied with the effects of contraception and that contraceptive advice is perceived as non-specific. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate what contraceptive women have chosen to use in the different phases of their reproductive lives, and what they felt had influenced their choice. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional comparative study with a quantitative approach. A survey with fixed and multiple-choice options was sent to five hundred 45-year old women. Result: The study shows that various birth controls are different in the normal reproductive life.

Background: Energy drinks have been found in everyday-stores since 1997 and their popularity have increased over time. Consumtion of energy drinks takes place because of their ability to increase concentration and to decrease fatigue but also because of the popularity the drinks have got. Target groups for these stimulating beverages are adolescents and young adults. Energy drinks contain caffeine, taurine, glucuronolacton, carbohydrates and B-vitamins and voices have been raised about the eligibility for young people to ingest large quantities of these kinds of substances. Because of the properties of these substances it has become popular to mix energy drinks and alcoholic beverages to make up for the negative effects of alcohol and to be able to drink larger quantaties.Aim: The aim of this literature work was to investigate cognitive effects of the combination of caffeine in terms of energy drinks and alcohol and to determine if these effects could be harmful.Method: This literature work is based on five scientific articles retrieved from PubMed.

The aim of the study was to get a deeper understanding of how young people think and act when it comes to Contraceptive use, and also if outside factors have an impact on young peoples behaviour in these matters. We looked at our study from an identity and a development perspective. The method was conducted as a qualitative study. There were two groups of 8 young people, aged 16-17. Also 3 professionals that work with young people participated.

Syfte: Undersöka preventivmedelsanvändning, sexuellt riskbeteende gällande könssjukdomar och oönskade graviditeter samt skillnader i sexuellt riskbeteende mellan olika ursprung, självförtroende och ålder vid sexuell debut hos kvinnor i åldern 14-31 år. Metod: En enkätundersökning, konsekutivt urval, utförd på RFSU-kliniken under år 2011 inkluderade 419 kvinnor. Resultat: Kondom var det vanligaste preventivmedlet vid första samlaget och p-piller var vanligast vid senaste samlaget. Nästan hälften, 48,7 %, hade haft en könssjukdom, klamydia var vanligast. Över hälften, 60,2 %, hade riskerat att få en könssjukdom och 45,6 % hade riskerat att bli oönskat gravid under de senaste tolv månaderna.

Sex och samlevnad är ett mångfacetterat ämne som ska ge biologiska, sociala och etiska aspekter på samlevnad. Under de senaste 100 åren har synen på sex och sexualitet ändrats från att ha varit ett mer eller mindre tabubelagt ämne till att idag i mångas ögon vara överexploaterat. Sex och samlevnad finns idag i läroplanen från årskurs fyra. Tidigare studier har visat att ungdomar varit missnöjda med sex- och samlevnads-undervisningen i skolan samtidigt som den sexuella ohälsan bland unga ökar. Det primära syftet med studien var att undersöka unga kvinnor och mäns kunskap om preventivmedel, sexuellt överförbara infektioner och abort samt inställning till sex- och samlevnadsundervisning.