The Collective agreement contains many important provisions concerning the relationship between employers and employees. When a Collective agreement applies in the workplace, both employers and employees are bound by it. However, only employers of those two, can take part in the Collective agreement, and therefore negotiate the content of it.The purpose of this study is to answer the following question: Why are rules that has been interpreted in Collective agreements not expressed in writing? Therefore, the Swedish Collective agreement system will be examined, and a distinction between types of silent regulations will be made to find causes. The potential for workers to act on a Collective agreement with quiet regulations will also be examined.Collective agreements are signed on three levels: central, union and local levels.

This essay seeks to analyze the consequences of modern information and communication technology for Collective action within the framework of social movements. With references to the protests in Seattle 1999, the essay argues that the emergence of distributed Collective action is closely related to the use of technology, for example cell phones and Internet. This distributed Collective action can be characterized by its decentralized and self-organizing features, forming a global pattern emerging from local interactions. Whereas contemporary theories of Collective action can be ´stretched´ to fit these aspects, they lack analytical tools to describe and analyze such systems. Further, their rejection of classical crowd theory is problematic, since it contains valuable insights.

The Collective agreement contains many important provisions concerning the relationship between employers and employees. When a Collective agreement applies in the workplace, both employers and employees are bound by it. However, only employers of those two, can take part in the Collective agreement, and therefore negotiate the content of it.The purpose of this study is to answer the following question: Why are rules that has been interpreted in Collective agreements not expressed in writing? Therefore, the Swedish Collective agreement system will be examined, and a distinction between types of silent regulations will be made to find causes. The potential for workers to act on a Collective agreement with quiet regulations will also be examined.Collective agreements are signed on three levels: central, union and local levels.

Bandura definierar (1997) outcome expectancy som individens skattning av sannolikheten att ett beteende ska leda till ett specifikt utfall. Utöver individens skattning av sitt eget beteendes följder (individual outcome expectancy), är hennes bedömning av sin grupps möjlighet att nå ett specifikt utfall (Collective outcome expectancy) en del av begreppet (Riggs & Knight, 1994). Studien syftar till att undersöka huruvida arbetsrelaterad- self efficacy, locus of control och Collective efficacy predicerar outcome expectancy. En enkätundersökning genomfördes med 102 deltagare från olika yrkesgrupper. Resultatet visade att arbetsrelaterad- self efficacy och locus of control samvarierade med individual outcome expectancy och att Collective efficacy predicerade Collective outcome expectancy.

In this thesis, the impact of Collective ratings on customers? perception of a product is examined. The empirical data comes from an experimentally designed survey where the effect of Collective ratings is measured in the setting of a traditional advertisement for a feature film. In contrast to what previous research would suggest be to the expected outcome, the authors of this paper concludes that in comparison with alternative designs of advertisements, there are no measurable advantages of including Collective ratings in advertisements from the marketers point of view. We find two explanations to the result: (1) people tend to self-report that they are more influenced by Collective ratings than they actually are, and (2) the advertisement which lacked a rating could be as attractive due to cultural interpretations of white spaces..

AbstractCities are once again becoming the locus of economic, social and political processes. The effect of these processes on the city is two-fold: one one hand they threaten to fragment and dislocate the city and the actors within them, on the other hand they give actors within cities new opportunities to react and mobilize resources towards different strategies of integration. The latter gives rise to what Patrick Le Galès calls the Collective actor-city. The aim of this thesis is to explore the notion of the city as a Collective actor in a swedish context by utilizing Le Galès theory of european cities as Collective actors in an abductive case study on the city of Malmoe. By utilizing Le Galès five dimensions that make up a Collective actor I analyze interviews conducted with city officals aswell as documents produced from the city wide plan of action Welfare for everybody.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate emotions and Collective identity in the handicraftmovement. Which are the Collective identities of craft movement, and is it possible to speak ofan over all Collective identity among the handicraft people? I will also examine the emotion workboth on individual and group level.Eight qualitative interviews were conducted to achieve the aim of this thesis. Research haspreviously drawn attention to handicraft from a gender and a historical perspective but neverfrom an emotional one. The theoretical framework derives from an emotion sociologicalperspective where Collins interaction rituals, emotional energy and Hochschild?s emotionmanagement is the main theses.

The Collective agreement contains many important provisions concerning the relationship between employers and employees. When a Collective agreement applies in the workplace, both employers and employees are bound by it. However, only employers of those two, can take part in the Collective agreement, and therefore negotiate the content of it.The purpose of this study is to answer the following question: Why are rules that has been interpreted in Collective agreements not expressed in writing? Therefore, the Swedish Collective agreement system will be examined, and a distinction between types of silent regulations will be made to find causes. The potential for workers to act on a Collective agreement with quiet regulations will also be examined.Collective agreements are signed on three levels: central, union and local levels.

The aim of this work is to gain understanding of how predictions and images of future are created and maintained and how they are changed in society. An interdisciplinary approach to cultural and social aspects is used to examine how Collective images about future are created. The distinction between Collective images and private images is problematised. The subject matter is extracted from a previous explorative examination about Do It Yourself and OpenSource culture which are concepts of Collective learning. That work is described in the foreword.The question ?How is a Collective image about the future created?? is central for this paper.The interdisciplinary approach is a cross reference synthesis of philosophies, educational studies, film studies, strategicstudies and future studies.

The first purpose of this thesis is to investigate if, how, and why the perceived Collective identity in the town of Karlskrona has changed. Collective identities can due to their socially constructed nature change rapidly in light of new Collective experiences. The reason for suspecting such a change in Karlskrona is the immense impact that the change in the global economy, according to Saskia Sassen, has on cities. By interviewing politicians and media representatives from Karlskrona the perceived identity is drawn. The second purpose of this thesis will then be to test if the identity as it is perceived by Karlskronas habitants differ from the one that town officials present through city marketing.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate how the Dakota conflict in 1862 affected the Swedish immigrants in Minnesota and how the Collective memory was shaped in that particular group of people. To examine the contents of the Collective memory this essay uses the theories of Halbwachs on Collective memory as well as Orm Øverlands theories on creating an identity and ethnic memory in USA since the concepts of Collective memory and the process of creating an identity is connected on a basic level. The essay compares the Collective memory created by the Swedish-Americans with the Collective memories of the Dakota Indians and finds indications that both ethnic groups have a highly traumatized memory of the conflict. However the difference between the two groups is that the Indians have both positive and negative memories of the conflict while the Swedish-Americans only have negative memories. Furthermore the essay finds that the fear of Indians that was present in the Swedish-American ethnic groups can be traced back to events of the Dakota Conflict.

Collective collapse occurs when a majority of players in a team suddenly perform below expected level in a match of great, often decisive, importance in spite of a normal or good start of the match or when a team underperforms right from the start of the match. The aim of this study is to investigate Collective collapse, focusing on emotional contagion. The study is a qualitative study based on semistructured interviews with nine handball players in an elite team. The results show six factors presented as themes. These are Preparations, The coach and leadership, Emotional contagion, Communication, Role Acceptance and Incongurence.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how university students, who are not members of a political party, experiencing existing selective and Collective incentives for involvement in a political party. Furthermore, the study will highlight incentives which could help the political parties to increase their membership. The study is based on seven interviews and the respondents were selected after conducting a survey of students? political involvement. The interviews were analyzed through the theory of selective and Collective incentives. The study shows that the incentives, both selective and Collective, for involvement in a political party in general are weak and that the costs in terms of time, money and education are seen as too high.

This is an interview based qualitative case study on two Women's Migrant Associations in Malmoe, which I interpret as being part of a women's movement, with characteristics of a new social movement. The aim of this study is to get a deeper understanding on how the Collective identity is being constructed, in this women's movement where the membership is not based on an exclusive ethnic identity.I make a two dimensional analysis that departs from a social constructivist underpinning, including the theories Transversial Politics, Postcolonial feminism and New Social Movement Theory.First I analyze the construction of Collective identity from the external social and cultural context, and get confirmed that the Collective identity of the movement is based on a common experience of social exclusion and a plurality of actions that aims to fight the structural injustices based on gender and ethnic discrimination. Secondly I analyze how the Collective identity is being constructed and maintained from the interactions between the members of the movement, from an understanding of Transversial Politics. My findings show that the members of the movement interact in a participatory democratic way which generally corresponds to Transversial Politics. According to Transversial Politics this can lead to a construction of an empowered inclusive Collective identity for the members and as my empirical study confirms it also means possibilities for deconstruction of boundaries between social groups..

The purpose of this study is to explore the Swedish site Funbeat which is a space dedicated to people who share an interest in exercising in general, and running in particular. By applying a netnographic analysis, I will investigate if Funbeat matches the criteria of a participatory culture and how the members manage to establish a Collective intelligence within the community. In order to achieve this, I will analyze the interactivity between the participants which occurs in discussion threads concerning injuries related to running, in the sites discussion forum. The results will then be discussed in relation to previous research within the field for participatory culture, Collective intelligence and interactivity.The outcome of the study revealed that Funbeat can be regarded as very good example of a participatory culture. By each member sharing their individual knowledge in matters regarding injuries, a Collective intelligence was established.