Title: Consequences of diversion ? a qualitative interview study regarding illicitBuprenorphine use.In year 1999 Buprenorphine was introduced in Sweden and is used in treatment for opioiddependence. An issue concerning substitution treatment programmes is the occurrence ofdiversion and the following illegal sails of Buprenorphine on a black market. The aim of thisstudy was to explore how people who have used illicitly obtained Buprenorphine describessuch abuse. The study was conducted using qualitative method, where a total of fiveindividuals were interviewed about past experiences of having used illicitly acquiredBuprenorphine.

The aim of the study was to get a deeper understanding of how social workers at the welfare office think and act when it comes to methadone or Buprenorphine treatment. What role does the welfare office take when it comes to methadone- or Buprenorphine treatment, what does the welfare office think about this form of treatment, what possibilities does the welfare office have when it comes to decide the selection to this kind of treatment and what consideration does the welfare office take to the separate individuals demands when it comes to methadone- or Buprenorphine treatment. The study is done in the perspective of society as a social construction. The method that was used was qualitative interviews with professionals at the welfare office and professionals at the reception of methadone- and Buprenorphine treatment. The result of the study is that the attitude towards methadone- and Buprenorphine treatment is complicated and the opinions are partly divided..

The intention of this study is to investigate possible excitation on dogs due to Buprenorphine treatment. The reason for it to be about Buprenorphine and not any other opioid is due to its relevance being one of the most popular opioids in animal care, as well as the authors own experience with what seems to be Buprenorphine induced excitation in her own dog. The study consists of a literature review and an internet based survey containing thirty questions sent out to twelve animal clinics and animal hospitals. Significant agitative effects on behavior has been found in studies on horses, sheep, goats, rats and mice, but no one shows the effects of Buprenorphine on dogs. The literature on opiod effects on dog behavior seems sparse.

In this study the opioid Buprenorphine was given to 8 clinically healthy goats. The pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects were studied. Injections of Buprenorphine, 0.02 mg/kg body weight was given both intramuscularly (i.m.) and intravenously (i.v.) with a cross over design. The results showed a short half-life of the drug in the plasma, 65.9 ± 17.4 min (mean ± SD), after i.v. injection.

Aims: To examine how patients with experience of being involuntarily discharged from medication-assisted treatment with methadone or Buprenorphine have coped with the consequences following the discharge. The study also aim to examine how the patients cope with the stigma related to their abuse of heroin and how they manage to cope with the rules regarding themedication-assisted treatment. Method: Three patients with experience of involuntary discharge from medication-assisted treatment have been interviewed. All were heroin abusing men living in Stockholm. The interviewees were recruited through the Swedish Drug Users Union and through a shelter for homeless people with drug problems.

Through changes in the code of statutes, SOSFS 2009:27 (M), opioid addicts are excluded since March 1 2010 from possibilities to be accepted for substitution treatment. Opiate addicts are solitary admitted for substitution treatment from that date. Opioid addicts are excluded admission for treatment regardless of the fact that they fulfil the ICD-10 diagnosis F.11.2, i.e. opioid/opiate addictive criteria. The alteration in the statutes was carried out in reference to the fact that evidence for this kind of treatment intended for opioid addicts was missing.Both groups i.e.

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how health care providers, working at care facilities providing maintenance treatment programs for opiate dependence, perceive and manage the legal framework governing the treatment. The study is limited to a few particular rules within this framework which over the recent decade have been the subject matter of debate regarding i.a. their alleged lack of relation to scientific research and their frequently disastrous implications for program participants. The empirical material consists of interviews with five respondents working at four different care facilities and has been analyzed by using Lipskys theory on street-level bureaucrats as policymaking agents. The results of the study show that the rules are looked upon and dealt with in a liberal fashion and that the primary loyalty of the maintenance treatment staff is clearly directed towards promoting the well-being of their patients and helping them reach their treatment goals rather than strictly following the rules..

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur behandlingspersonal vid en opiatmottagning i en stor stad i Sverige ser på substitutionsbehandling och vilken betydelse behandlingsformen har för klientgruppen. Studien baseras på fyra kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med personal som har olika professioner (kurator, sjuksköterska, läkare samt psykolog) vid en för studien relevant behandlingsenhet. För att analysera det inkomna materialet har följande fem teorier använts: biologiska teorier, systemteorier, stämplingsteori, behavioristiska teorier samt psykodynamiska teorier/anknytningsteori. Resultaten visar att personalen överlag har en liknande syn på bakgrunden till ett drogmissbruk då samtliga anser att orsaken beror på både genetiska och sociala faktorer. Personalen anser även att behandlingsenhetens klienter är i behov av kemiskt framställda opiater (buprenorfin eller metadon) för att kunna bryta med sitt drogmissbruk, detta då det bidrar till att klienterna kan börja fokusera på andra livsområden utöver droganvändandet.

The meaning of the concept of psychosocial treatment is ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to examine how professionals within some care institutions, which provide methadone, Buprenorphine or naloxone treatment, regard and carry out the psychosocial features of such treatment. Central issues discussed were; how personnel approach the psychosocial features of the treatment, what personnel regard as a focus in the psychosocial treatment, what conditions personnel consider affect treatment positively in order for it to be successful and how personnel see the relation between the medical and psychosocial features of the treatment. The method used was interviews with nine professionals in six qualitative interviews. The theoretical perspectives and concepts used in our analysis were; the theory of biological dependence, an organizational perspective, Prochaska and DiClemente's Stages of Change Model, the concept of individual reality and the concept of marginal conflict.Results show that the conditions most important for successful treatment are; that the patient has a place to live, an occupation, motivation, that the patient take responsibility for his/hers progress and have realistic expectations about the effects of the medicine.

Opioidplåster avsedda för humant bruk används idag även för smärtlindring av djur eftersom det inte finns några registrerade veterinärmediciniska opioidplåster. För humant bruk finns plåster innehållande fentanyl och buprenorfin. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att granska studier i farmakokinetik och dynamik för att undersöka den vetenskapliga grunden för användningen av opioidplåster till djurslagen hund, katt och häst. Plåster kan vara ett sätt att administrera läkemedel transdermalt till den systemiska cirkulationen. Avsikten med plåster är att uppnå jämna koncentrationer i plasma (steady state) som varar under den tid som plåstret finns på plats, vanligen 72 h för människa. Vid användningen av fentanylplåster uppnåddes steady state hos människa efter 14 h.