Variations in fertility have caused a problematic situation in Sweden among other European countries. According to the Council of Europe we are facing an economic and demographic challenge, when the baby boomers of the 1940?s are retiring. Economists have for a long time studied the connection between economic factors and fertility, and several studies have found a correlation between business cycles and birth rates. This connection is again of current interest 2008, when a financial bubble bursts at the same time as a baby boom occurs.

Variations in fertility have caused a problematic situation in Sweden among other European countries. According to the Council of Europe we are facing an economic and demographic challenge, when the baby boomers of the 1940?s are retiring. Economists have for a long time studied the connection between economic factors and fertility, and several studies have found a correlation between business cycles and birth rates. This connection is again of current interest 2008, when a financial bubble bursts at the same time as a baby boom occurs.

I Barduelva som ligger i norra Norge uppträder ett dämningsproblem från en isdamm, som tidvis orsakar översvämning och produktionbortfall för Statkraft. Isbildning i rinnande vatten domineras av att iskristaller bildas i under- kylt och omblandat vatten, kristallerna växer till sig och successivt utvecklas s.k. kravis. Då vattnet har en hög turbulens når inte kravisen till ytan, utan en del kommer att häfta på bottnen (ankaris), vilket kan vara början till en isdamm. Isdammar av detta slag tender att bildas då bottenlutningen ökar med ökande omblandning och värmeutbyte med atmosfären som följd.