Jönköping's municipality requested a diploma work witch would present the experiences, as arisen during the existence of the echo village Smeden.To recive information for the background, literature at the university library were searched at the database "Libris" with words like "echo village" and "ecological living".Data was retrieved from 28 questionnaires that were sent out to the inhabitants of the echo village Smeden. The questionnaires contained questions about experiences, opinions, ideas and thoughts about living in this echo village. The results were analyzed and presented by diagrams and tables and showed that the inhabitants where most unsatisfied with the sewer and the system of the toilet. In the opposite the inhabitants experienced that the remaining systems were in satisfactory and the majority of the inhabitants were very pleased with their living conditions.Conclusions of this study are that an echo village would be a suitable alternative to an ordinary living and that ecological living would be something that would work well even in the future. An important thing to remember is that the systems of the households must be easy for the inhabitants to maintain otherwise the environmental thinking would be in risk of failure if some don?t have the energy to manage this properly..

The management of water resources and waste water varies between the countries of the EU. For many years, a large part of the water in Europe has been contaminated by, among other things, insufficiently treated waste water and emissions from agriculture. The EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC and the Urban Waste Water Directive 91/271/EEC are intended to harmonize fresh-water management and waste water management within the whole EU, aiming at safeguarding drinking water of good quality and a high quality of all water within the EU today and in the future. There are however some problems concerning the waste-water directive. One problem is the huge investment needed in Slovakia to fulfil the demands of the waste-water directive for waste-water management in larger communities (with more than 2000 inhabitants).

Som ett slutmoment i Samhällsbyggnadsprogrammet 120 hp görs detta examensarbete för Samhällsbyggnadsförvaltningen, avdelning Teknisk försörjning i Kalix kommun beläget i Norrbottens län. Examensarbetet går ut på att undersöka föroreningsrisker från enskilda avlopp som tyvärr många gånger har bristfällig rening jämfört med kommunalt vatten och Avloppshantering. Området i fråga ligger i Rörbäck, nordost om Luleå där Kalix kommun är huvudman för dricksvattentäkten i området, men där Luleå kommun står som ägare av marken runt omkring vattentäkten och brunnsområdet. Skärpta regler från EU och vattendirektivet skapar behov av åtgärdsprogram för att säkra upp att vattenkvalitén upprätthålls och risker som förknippas med avlopp i bästa fall elimineras. En svarsenkät har tidigare skickats ut till fastighetsägarna med en förfrågan om deras enskilda avloppssystem.

Wastewater handling of private sewage systems has become an all increasing matter. In Stockholm region the 90 000 private sewage systems contribute with larger phosphorus flows to the Baltic Sea than the two biggest sewage plants in the area, Henriksdal and Käppala, contribute together, even though these two plants purify wastewater from more than one million inhabitants. When summer house areas turn into areas for permanent living ? transition areas ? the load on the existing systems increases, systems that already often are unsatisfying. In those areas it is not clear what the best system choice is; On-site systems for single households; Local collective systems or Connection to central systems.