After the fall of communism in Yugoslavia the ethnic resentment grew stronger and escalated in to interethnic civil conflict in 1992. After international intervention the General Framework Agreement for Peace (GFAP) installed peace in 1995. The treaty's aim was not only to establish peace but also to institute democracy in Bosnia. The OSCE were given the task to implement democracy within political institutions and civil society. This in a country with a lack of democratic experience and where great problems with ethnic antagonism still exists.By using democratization and transition theory this single case-study examines how democracy is implemented in Bosnia by the OSCE and clarifies difficulties that this democratization process is facing.

The general aim of this paper is to describe how the European Union can affect and transfer their conditionality politics to the Western Balkan countries. A specific purpose of this study is to describe and explain what we in this paper consider to be a specific additional membership criterion, regional cooperation that has been especially designed for this region. The point of departure for this paper is Europeanization theory that will be used to study the European Union?s impact on non EU-members in Europe. The theoretical Europeanization mechanisms are taken from Heather Grabbes ?Europeanization model?.

Uppsatsen behandlar våldtäkt som krigföring och hur fenomenet kan förstås med ett intersektionellt perspektiv. Detta har vi gjort utifrån fallstudien som metod då vi har låtit en dom från the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), vilken behandlar en rad händelser i staden Foca, Bosnien-Hercegovina, stå som det huvudsakliga empiriska exemplet. I analysen utgår vi från denna dom samt tidigare forskning för att komplettera empirin, men även för att föra vidare teoretiska diskussioner om våldtäkt som krigföring utifrån vårt intersektionella perspektiv. Detta innebär att vi visar på hur olika maktstrukturer samverkar och vad de har för betydelse för det granskade fenomenet, något som den tidigare forskningen har saknat hittills. Utifrån de socialt konstruerade kategorierna kön, genus, "ras"/etnicitet, religion, nationalism och sexualitet erbjuder uppsatsen förklaringar till användandet av våldtäkt som krigföring, vilka alla går ut på att "de andra" skall nedvärderas samtidigt som den egna identiteten uppvärderas.

This thesis analyzes and discusses the role of institutions concerning countries' abilities to create economic wealth. The countries that we are analyzing are the former members of the Warsaw pact and former Yugoslavia. These countries are referred to as transition countries. In order to analyze the transition countries institutional structure we are using Douglass C. North's theory regarding institutions and institutional building.