This study is about language use in text messaging. In this study there are 338 text messages: 206 of them written by girls and 132 written by boys. The informants in the study are 16 years old and they live in the countryside on the outskirts of a small town in southern Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristic linguistic features in the messages, in order to determine what significant meaning an emoticon such as a smiley brings to a text and further, to explore what speech acts smileys occur in.The results show that the language in the messages is a mix of spoken and written language. The characteristic features that were found in the messages were short sentences, onomatopoetic expressions, words written in capital letters, English expressions and use of smileys.

How should a fair income tax system be designed? Since Estonia became the first country to introduce a flat tax on incomes in 1994, this question has been in focus of public debate. The aim of is this thesis is to show that a flat income tax system, combining a proportional tax rate on all incomes with an allowance exempt from tax, is consistent with the demands of justice. In order to achieve this I construct a two level argument using normative method. The first part consists in the justification of a specific ethical theory which is derived from to notion of human dignity.

This study looks to establish which implications the norm, use and view on the written Swedish language in society and school might have in regards to the teaching of Swedish in the Upper Secondary School, specifically year one. It poses questions as to which views on norm and use can be found in textbooks, in syllabi and in the everyday work of teachers. Through research and analysis of the last three syllabi of the Swedish subject and three corresponding textbooks, along with interviews with two teachers of Swedish, it is shown that from the 1970s onward, there has been a shift from a language norm that incorporates everybody and makes everybody responsible to a language norm that in essence is second to the individual progress of students and successful written communication. It is argued that one does not necessarily exclude the other and that, given a successful education, students may use their knowledge of lingual norm to excel in written language activities..

There is a lot written about being hearing impaired. There are guidelines on how to adjust the indoor environment for the hearing impaired. There is even more written about gardening and garden design from different aspects. However, I found out that there is nothing written about garden design or adjusting the outdoor environment for the hearing impaired. At the background of myself being hearing impaired and garden designer I realised that I actually had adjusted my own garden out of the fact that I am hearing impaired.

The purpose of this study was to examine in which extent the comments about news inthe comment fields, on Swedish news sites Facebook pages were deliberative.To fulfill this purpose we used a quantitative content analysis as a method to interpretthe data that we collected about 2203 reader comments from three news sites Facebookpages. Ju?rgen Habermas theory about deliberative democracy together with theoriesabout public space and Web 2.0 were the theories we based our study on. To determinethat a comment was deliberative it had to contain an argument and be written withtolerance and respect. Our result showed that most comments lacked either one or bothof these criteria?s and therefore weren?t deliberative.

This thesis is an analysis based on the problem of defining a humanitarian intervention and argues when or not, it is appropriate to operate it. The interest lies in finding out whether the argument itself is justifiable,not whether the act of interference was justifiable. My hypothesis is that both private and international operatios misuse the definition "humanitarian interventions" as an excuse to trespass the laws of war. Behind the idea of protecting human rights, freedom and democracy, is the liberalist idea of all individuals being equal. The respect for their freedom and rights drives outside actors to intervene when crimes are comitted against them.

Aim: To describe perceptions about written and verbal information regarding diet and physical activity in women with breast cancer and to study possible differences between ages and perception. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and consisted of 57 women with breast cancer stages I-III who started adjuvant chemotherapy within a year (2007-2008). A questionnaire, regarding their perceptions about the written and verbal information they had received about diet and physical activity, was responded to three months following treatment completion. Between 67-93 % of the participants responded to the questions. The answers was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-test.

Uppsatsen 'Förtätning' inom stadsplanering bygger på en empirisk artikelstudie och behandlar hur begreppet 'förtätning' togs upp i dagstidningarna: Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Göteborg-Posten, Sydsvenska Dagbladet och Upsala Nya Tidning, under perioden 1 januari 2007 till 20 april 2008. Fokus har legat på vad skribenterna kan ha menat när de använt begreppet inom stadsplanering, vilka argument som togs upp för respektive emot 'förtätning' samt vilken uppfattning tidningsläsarna kan ha fått om 'förtätning'. Stöd och inspiration hämtades från diskursanalys. När begreppet 'förtätning' användes inom stadsplaneringssammanhang gav studien att skribenterna generellt syftade på någon typ av nybyggnation inom befintlig bebyggelse. En mångfald av varianter av 'förtätning' förekom beroende på i vilket sammanhang, i vilken kontext, begreppet förekom. De argument som framfördes är exempel på kontext som kan ha påverkat betydelsen av begreppet 'förtätning'. Mängden argument varierade mycket mellan de fem tidningarna, också den relativa fördelningen mellan antal argument för respektive emot 'förtätning' var olika mellan tidningarna.

Bank- och butiksrån ökade betydligt under 2008 och bankerna vill därför minska kontanthanteringen. Utöver rånrisk skapar, enligt bankerna, kontanter onödiga kostnader såväl påverkar de miljön negativt.Problematiken med kontanthantering inryms i hur bankerna skall kunna minska kontanthanteringen och utifall resterande delar av samhället (så som handeln och konsumenter) även vill minska den?Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera bankernas argument för att minska kontanthanteringen utifrån projektet "Tryggare Kalmar" samt ställa dessa argument mot handelns och konsumentens argument för användning av olika betalningsalternativ.Problematiken innebär ett snurrande ekorrhjul. Bankerna vill minska kontanthanteringen, handeln vill även minska haneringen men anser det vara omöjligt såsom nuläget ser ut och här håller konsumenterna med. Ny problematik dyker upp, vem skall börja med förändringen?.

I uppsatsen argumenteras för en tes om att det svenska samhället bör förändra sin syn på vad en acceptabel motprestation är för att få tillgång till ekonomiskt bistånd; tesen som presenteras menar att samhället bör acceptera andra former av motprestationer än förvärvsarbete och arbetsmarknadsinsatser. Under utredningsdelen argumenteras det för att samhället bör avkräva motprestationer men bör vara mer flexibel i vilka motprestationer som accepteras. Vidare presenteras fyra argument samt invändningar mot dessa argument, dessa är kontextuella-, självrespekts-, perfektions- samt parasitargumenten, mot så kallade workfare. I Sverige exemplifieras workfare av arbetsmarknadsinsatser, för att sedan undersöka vad en villkorslös basinkomst, så kallad medborgarlön, har för implikationer på dessa argument. Avslutningsvis i slutsatsen presenteras att en kombination av krav om motprestation samt en villkorslös biståndsdel måhända vore den bästa för människor som är i behov av samhällets stöd för att dessa inte skall bli stigmatiserade.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a L2 learner could correct or imitate structures of the language that they could not produce in written production defined by processability theori levels.The Informants had Arabic as their mother tongue. The study showed that the ability of correction developed slower than the capacity for imitation and the ability to written production. The ability of the correction developed by the duration of the stay. The result was a confirmation of theory formation in processability theory. Corrective elicitering could be developed into a useful diagnostic tool in the classroom and thus provide an education that followed a natural learning order according to processability theory by Pienemann.Keywords: processability theori, imitation, correction, written production.

Studiens syfte var att genom ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv analysera hur identitet har använts som ett argument i relation till Turkiets medlemskapsförhandlingar i 2007 års plenumdebatter i Europaparlamentet. Till grund för studien är alltså ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv samt tidigare forskning kring vilken roll identitet har när det gäller framtida medlemsstaters framtidsutsikter i EU och forskning kring hur turken ses som ?den andre? i den franska politiska diskursen.En kvalitativ dokumentanalys tillämpades på de utvalda Europaparlamentsdebatterna och ett analysschema konstruerades utifrån teorin för att organisera resultatet. Analysschemat är indelat i två kolumner och fyra kategorier. I den första kolumnen placerades de fynd där turken/Turkiet ses som ?den andre? och i den andra kolumnen placerades de uttalanden där turken/Turkiet ses som en del av Europa.

This is a thesis written at the Swedish University of Agriculture inAlnarp within the landscape architecture education. The essay dealswith the landscape architect's professional identity and how it isdescribed in different contexts along with how it is perceived byprofessional landscape architects.Misunderstandings and preconceptions concerning the landscapearchitect's professional identity is common, both within and outsidethe branch of industry that includes the vocation. This raises problemswithin the industry and for the individual landscape architect. To findout if the root of the problems lies in available descriptions of theoccupation a study has been made. The study includes how thelandscape architect is defined in easily accessible information fromthe internet and in literature as well as in industry-orientedinformation such as dissertations and information from SverigesArkitekter (the Swedish Architects).

The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate how books are weeded in some Swedish public libraries today. It tries to shed light on some of the problems and obstacles that may arise, and on the criteria used by staff for weeding. I also hope to build a model for weeding, based on the results of my investigation. The method I have chosen for my work is qualitative interviews. The results of my thesis indicate that weeding is not the top priority of the staff at the investigated libraries.

The background to this study is to find alternative ways of size rationalization. My vision is to take the basic conditions and make the best and most profitable of them. I have chosen press of rape oil because it?s interesting and the investment to get started is relative small. The opportunity to use outmoded and unrational buildings which often are found at many farms to something that gives money instead of costs money is also an argument.