Holmen Skog AB is an important supplier of conifer pulpwood to the Iggesund Paperboard mill. After logging and transport to the landing by a forwarder, the wood is loaded on trucks for further transport, often by using separate loaders. During this handling process considerable amounts of stone material is sometimes mixed into the pulpwood and this causes problems for the industry. The aim of this study is to identify which part of the chain from forest to pulpmill, that contributes the most to this contamination. Sizes and total volumes of the contaminating stones were also investigated.

Competition of spruce fiber raw materials has increased dramatically in the last few years, leading to the fact that transportation costs in the current situation represents a much larger share of the total raw material cost. The Holmen-owned pulp industry Hallsta Paper Mill's location on the coast also constitutes a problem, because of the lack of raw material, which is much larger there, than for a pulp mill located in the hinterland. For a coastal industry it?s therefore natural to import much of the raw material by boat or to buy it from the timber terminals, in order to maintain good profitability. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the size of Hallsta Paper Mill timber supply area, without competition, with competition and with terminal use, affects the company ?s transport costs.

Piles of deadwood are often retained in forests after management to support the biodiversity ofsaproxylic organisms which depend on deadwood to survive. Any knowledge about the crucial role ofpiles as suitable habitat of saproxylic organisms compared to single distributed deadwood objects thatare around the piles would help conservation actors to motivate more forest owners to supportsaproxylic organisms during their management. Therefore to give facts to this the saproxylic fauna ofdifferent pile positions (up and low) was studied and compared to distributed deadwood samplesaround each pile. Our study was focused on saproxylic beetles. Some other parameters such asdiameter, deadwood volume, pile volume and decay stage were assessed to define any effect.

Many wood living insects are considered threatened by modern forestry due to the reduction in amount of dead wood. During the last decade various methods have been used to enhance the quantity of dead wood in managed forests. However little is known how and if these methods are aiding saproxylic insects. The threatened tenebrionid beetle, Upis ceramboides, is already extinct in southern Sweden. It develops in white rotted dead birch (Betula spp) and requires sun-exposed sites.

This bachelor thesis contains the findings of an investigation into the laying of wedge sawn wood flooring. The advantage of wedge sawn wood flooring is the usage of more material from each board reducing waste. The boards follow the natural profile of the tree where the root part of the board is wider, and the top part is narrower. The technique involves placing boards side by side with adjacent boards in opposite directions. The thick base of one board is neighbored by the narrow top of another, this creates a pattern of wedges in alternating directions, known as a ?root and top? system. Existing literature into this type of flooring is sparce.

The background to this work was to see if there was a connection between large woody debris (LWD) and the presence of brown trout in our Swedish forest streams. Previous researches by Degerman et al. (2004) have shown that there is a strong correlation between the amount of dead wood and the presence of brown trout. The goal was then to find a way to restore, maintain and increase the trout habitats by constructing and adding manmade wooden structures that would mimic natural deadwood and its features in flowing water. The inspiration was partially taken from a water restoration program in the Klamath River of northern California, USA.

This thesis engages the topic of test methods for wood adhesives. Two test methods were evaluated, EN 302-1, a European standard, and ASTM D905, an American standard. The total amount of specimens manufactured and tested was more than 500. The adhesive bonds were tested in shear with an increasing load on the specimen until failure.The adhesives used were epoxy-resin, phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde and a 2-K polyurethane. The test programme included five different types of intentional errors per method, in order to investigate the sensitivity of the test methods.

In this work I have tried to reconstruct the forest history within Särna-Idre forest common in northern Dalarna from the 19th century until present time. The Särna-Idre region has been an extensively used landscape for a long time. Pollen which indicates grazing has been found in samples orginating from the 10th century. Early travellers from the 18th and 19th centuries seem to have been passing trough a "used" landscape. Burned forests on naked ground are described as common. Also large areas are mentioned as undisturbed with lots of large trees, snags and dead wood.

The sludgebark and to a certain extent the bark were until a decade ago waste products without any economic value that were thrown away. A number of environmental laws and increcing energy prices have improved the prerequisites for increasing the use of these materials. At Seskarö sawmill they burn the sludgebark and a great deal of the bark in the sawmill furnace. The sludgebark has a number of disadvantages compared to bark during burning. The sludgebark is often wet which means the energy net from burning often gets low.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera mansbilden av karaktären Edward i filmen Edward Scissorhands (Tim Burton, 1990). Genom attstudera hans personlighet och egenskaper ur olika perspektiv, som kan uppfattas som både manligt och kvinnligt, har jag försökt att ta reda på vem denna utstickande karaktär är.Med hjälp av genusteorier och jämförelser av tidigare filmatiseringar som Ed Wood (Tim Burton, 1994), Sleepy Hollow (Tim Burton, 1999) och The cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Robert Weine, 1920) har jag även kunnat fördjupa mig i mansbilden av Edward. Jag har dessutom fokuserat kring Tim Burtons säregna filmskapande, men också kring stjärnskapet hos Johnny Depp, skådespelaren som Burton ofta samarbetar med.Edward Scissorhands har visat sig vara en man med både manliga och kvinnliga attribut, vilket gör honom till en icke stereotypisk man som saknar hjältemod och en muskulös kropp. Trots det så tyder inget på att han är mindre man bara för att han har mer eller mindre egenskaper som generellt uppfattas som manliga.

In three areas in the province of Småland studies has been done to investigate how big damage the moose may do to P. abies. An inquiry examination and two different types of surveys were done to find out how big area, which volume and which financial consequences the moose debarking has had on the forest. When the volume was calculated the rot spreading was included. The area that was damaged was stipulated with the answers from the inquiry examination. 59 % of the asked forest owners answered the inquiry.

Lack of dead wood is the main cause of decaying or loss of populations for many forest species. To increase the amount of dead wood is a prerequisite to maintain biodiversity in forests of northern Europe. In summer 2006 the recreation area Klåveröd, at Söderåsen in Skåne, Sweden, has been inventoried for high stumps (snags) of beech, (Fagus sylvatica). The result of the inventory has been compared with data of the real estate and forest management directories from the owner, region Skåne. The results have also been matched with the results from an inventory of saproxylic beetles in 2005, performed with windowtraps on selected snags both in the area and the adjacent national park Söderåsen. 594 snags were found on 747 ha.

Uppsats för avläggande av filosofie kandidatexamen iKulturvård, Konservatorprogrammet15 hpInstitutionen för kulturvårdGöteborgs universitet2012:29.

AbstractThe aim of this examination paper is to get an overview on the ?no-maintenance? windowsthat exist on the Swedish market, like plastic and aluminium windows.By way of introduction the reader gets knowledge in the background and problemformulatethat this subject has. This introduction explains why it has become so popular to changeyour windows into plastic- and aluminium windows and there is an existing scepticismagainst PVC and aluminium as construction material for windows.The main part of this report is constructed by segments of interviews where bothproducers of windows and stakeholders gets to answer questions about their viewing onno-maintenance windows from a material and construction point of view and where theproduction is headed to in the future. This is followed by an evaluation of a questionnaireon how pleased the house owners that changed their old windows to no-maintenancewindows are, followed by an inspection of windows made up from wood and an aluminiumclothing, windows made from only aluminium and PVC-based windows. It ends with atheory part about the materials PVC and metal based upon facts included in literature.By reading this report you can draw the conclusion that no window can be entirely nonmaintenancebut that the materials PVC and aluminium still are good substitutes for woodto lessen the maintenance..

The intrest and development of bioenergy and energy from renewable sources in Sweden has increased rapidly over the last few years. There are a whole lot of alternatives for those who would like to venture and invest in renewable energy production. Production of renewable energy opens up many opportunities for forestry and farming to venture a new branch of production, on basis of the primary production. Several of the new energy sources grows on farmland or in the forest. The opportunities exist in the primary products, as well as in refining and reselling, in the value chain of energy. The starting-point is the Farmer as an energyproducer. This master thesis studies the nature of farmer-own firms, who has invested in production of renewable energy.