Idag fokuseras det politiska intresset på klimatfrågor och det visade sig inte minst när Nobels fredpris tilldelades Panel of Climate Change och Al Gore år 2007. Klimatfrågor med fokusering på bland annat energifrågan, biologisk mångfald och hållbar utveckling kommer att vara nyckelfrågor under andra halvan av 2009 när Sverige är ordförandeland för EU.Bidragande orsaker till klimatförändringar är mänskliga utsläpp av växthusgaser. Arbetet med att minska utsläppen sker bland annat genom Kyotoprotokollet, där 160 stater deltar, innehållande bindande åtaganden att minska utsläppen med 5 % fram till 2012. I och med arbetet med att minska växthusgaser är främjandet och utvecklandet av förnyelsebar energi en viktig del, särskilt i form av vindkraft. Kommunernas fysiska planering spelar en viktig roll i detta, t ex i framtagandet av lämpliga områden för etablering av vindkraft.Gävle kommun används som fallstudie och detta arbete ska underlätta förfarandet att ta fram bra beslutsunderlag som varje planerare behöver göra.

The task of making a correct application for B- activities is the foundry time consuming task. Information and facts concerning your entire business activity shall be attached into a description of environmental consequences, which will be the basis for the decision making whether the activities shall be granted a permission to practise environmentally hazardous actions or not. When the Environmental Act were established 1999, the permission process became more extensor. With this study I want to give an insight about how these applications are made. The methods I have used to collect information are a study literature where the Environmental Act has been the focus, and qualitative interviews with two County Administrative Board. I used the Environmental Act to understand why permission is needed and the interviews to give me insight in how the work is done. My conclusion is that it is very unusual that an application is granted without complements.

Glass has sophisticated front properties and are used as facades in high buildings. During cold periods, these glass facades could cause thermal discomfort, due to cold downdraught. Cold downdraught can be countered by placing heaters under glass surfaces. Nowadays technology offers highly insulating windows, which is why there is an interest to investigate the indoor climate with only underfloor heating. The research in this area is limited, and few empirical methods are available.

The grain market is facing substantial changes. Tradionally, cereal has been a supply-led market i.e. supply conditions have had a major impact on price level or indirectly, through market interventions implemented through the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP). Just a few years ago, Sweden and the EU were not affected so strongly by world market prices for cereals. EU was a surplus-area and to a substantial degree a local market.

My final essay is a design proposal for a schoolyard that pertains to the senses. The proposal consists of an illustration plan and this paper. The design proposal takes start in sense stimulation to create a varied environment. The title leads to the concept ?surprisingly predictable?.

This thesis studies settlement continuity on Gotland between approximately AD 200 and AD 1700. The method used is to calculate correlation between the geographical distribution of all known Iron Age stone-wall-houses (on Gotland known as "kämpagravar") and all farms included in the detailed taxation maps from approximately 1700. The number of remaining house foundations is between 1800 and 1900. A model to estimate the number of removed foundations is presented. It is based on the assumption that the settlement density was proportional to land use around 1700, and that the rate of removal is related to the current land use.

In today's agriculture efficiency and the capacity of tools and machinery are crucial. In this work we investigate whether it is possible to enhance the capacity of sowing by increasing the work speed of seeders, how seed technology affects seed placement, and if there is any difference between two different brands of seeders and their sow techniques. The seeders we have chosen to compare are Väderstad Rapid drill and Amazon Cirrus drill. The tillage capacity of the seeders and their traction power needs were examined as well.Väderstad Rapid and Amazon Cirrus were tested in a randomized block design with four replicates at three different speeds, 8 km/h, 12 km/h and 15 km/h. The seed placement at the different speeds was examined by dividing the seedbed into four different zones from its surface to its bottom.

Combustion of fossil fuels is today the dominating source of energy. During combustion,carbon dioxide is formed. The carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere,which raises the global average temperature on earth through the so called greenhouseeffect. The only way to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide from combustionin a coal fired power plant is through carbon capture and storage (CCS).Post-combustion capture is a technology to separate carbon dioxide from the uegas after the combustion for efficient transport and storage. The steady state operationof coal fired power plants with post combustion capture has already beenthoroughly investigated on a pilot scale, however much work remains to investigatethe plants dynamic operation.

Nyckeln till ett framgångsrikt och värdefullt företag är att göra bra investeringar eftersom det är investeringarna som skapar den avkastning som dess ägare får som ersättning (Froot, et al., 1994). Om företaget strävar efter att göra värdemaximerande investeringar måste de därför bedöma vilka investeringar som kan tänkas generera en avkastning som är större än kostnaden för kapitalet som investeras (Brealey, et al., 2014). Detta är den teoretiska grundregeln för all investeringsbedömning (Brealey, et al., 2014). Men eftersom framtiden är fylld av risk och osäkerhet är bedömningen av en investerings ekonomiska värde ingen enkel sak (Sandahl & Sjögren, 2005).I företagens strävan att tämja denna risk och osäkerhet har Mikes (2009;2011) identifierat två olika kulturer, den beräknande kulturen och den visualiserande kulturen. Dessa kulturer präglas av sin syn på vad som är meningsfullt att sannolikhets bedöma och vad som inte är meningsfullt att sannolikhets bedöma (Mikes, 2011).

The Swedish dairy sector is facing several challenges the coming years. One big challenge is how they will secure the access of their raw material milk in the future. The number of milk producers has decreased for an extended period of time, but was for a long time partly compensated by an increased productivity among the remaining milk producers. From year 2000 that trend was broken and also the quantity of milk produced started to fall quickly. Milko is a dairy company with members from Dalsland in the south to Jämtland in the north. During the first seven moths 2007, their number of members decreased by almost a fourth, from 1 272 to 974.

Today?s farmers are constantly affected by the fluctuating world market prices on grain and thereby the price risk that comes with the price fluctuations. The volatile prices of grain increase the price risk within the business, which in turn affects the profitability of the business. The fluctuating prices together with the increased price risk within the farm business have opened up the market for hedging instruments. In this master thesis project, the aim is to identify the underlying end-values of 30 Swedish farmers? related to their choice of using hedging and the product; forward contract.

Leasing som finansieringsmetod för lantbruksmaskiner är ingen ny företeelse men har inte slagit igenom i Sverige på samma sätt som i en del andra länder. Intresset för leasing är svagt i Sverige varpå det är av intresse att undersöka hur lantbrukare resonerar kring finansieringsmetoder för investeringar. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera om varför leasing inte används av lantbrukare i större utsträckning. Arbetet är uppbyggt på två delar, en teoretisk referensram där relevanta teorier och tidigare forskning beaktas, och en empirisk del där resultatet från beräkningar gällande leasing och finansiering av banklån presenteras. I det empiriska avsnittet redovisas fyra intervjuer med lantbrukare. Efter att val av metod, redovisas urval av respondenter och en beskrivning av hur intervjuerna har genomförts.

Ekonomibyggnader är en förutsättning för lantbruksproduktionen och underhåll bör således vara en central angelägenhet i ett lantbruksföretag. I perioder med sämre ekonomi, då företa-gare måste se över sina kostnader, är det möjligt att underhåll och investeringar får stå till-baka. Om underhållet på mjölkgårdens stallbyggnader och byggnadsinventarier negligeras kan det leda till att omfattande reparationer eller nyinvesteringar krävs för att kunna fortsätta produktionen. Sådana åtgärder är vanligtvis dyrare än förebyggande underhåll samtidigt som en förutsättning för att vara rationell som mjölkproducent är att hålla kostnaderna nere. Ge-nom att hålla kostnaderna nere idag och skjuta på underhållet kan de framtida kostnaderna öka vilket mjölkföretag eventuellt inte klarar av med marginalerna i mjölkbranschen. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad som påverkar mjölkföretagarens beslut att un-derhålla ladugård och ladugårdsinventarier samt öka förståelsen för den ekonomiska betydel-sen som underhåll medför i ett mjölkföretag.

The aim of this paper was to study incoming complaints to The County Administrative Board in Västra Götaland during 2011 and examine if it was possible to see a connection between warranted and unwarranted complaints and informer, animal species and type of inadequate. In Västra Götaland, a complaint is classified as warranted if the inspection leads to a reprimand, whether it regards what was reported or not. Data were collected during three weeks through The County Administrative Board´s record system Platina and a total of 456 complaints were studied. The parameter ?complainant? was categorized into four groups according to The County Administrative Boards own division; public with the subgroups anonymous and non-anonymous, animal health staff and others.

In Europe poplar plantations has been planted for more than one hundred years. In the first plantation was made in 1940. The interest for poplars has since then shifted over the years and has for long periods been very low but is now slowly increasing again. The main reasons why poplars are becoming more interesting are because of their great production potential. Nevertheless, the knowledge of how to mange poplars in Sweden are very low and very little research has been done concerning management of the species. The objective for this study was to; 1) investigate and document experience and results obtained in practical Swedish forestry, 2) to give a fair picture of the perceived advantages and disadvantages that the poplars has for the forestry, 3) document what the foresters that has experience and those who has no experience of poplar plantations thinks about the potential of poplars.