WAD är det engelska namnet på pisksnärtsrelaterade symtom som i dagligt tal kallas för Whiplash. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva och analysera vilka olika typer av sjukgymnastiska behandlingsmetoder det finns och vilken/vilka som har högst bevisvärde vid behandling av långvarig WAD. Metod: Artiklar söktes i databaserna AMED, CINAHL och PubMed. Inkluderade artiklar bedömdes enligt PEDro-skalan vars resultat omräknades till SBU:s skala för bevisvärde. Resultat: Artiklarna visade att för långvarig WAD fanns många olika typer av sjukgymnastisk behandling såsom träning med individuell eller generell inriktning, traktion och träning med slynga.

Whiplash är en beskrivning av en rörelse som sker i cervikalryggen då kroppen utsätts för ett våld som ofta uppstår vid en trafikolycka. Rörelsen kan resultera i skador på skelett eller mjukdelar, vilket kan resultera i ett flertal symptom. Dessa symptom kan kvarstå hela livet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka och beskriva vilka sjukgymnastiska behandlingsmetoder som används vid akut och subakut Whiplash Assocated Disorders, WAD och behandlingsmetodernas effekt på dessa. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie av vetenskapliga publikationer, genom sökning i AMED, Cinahl, Pubmed, PEDro och Cochrane Library.

Whiplash är en skada som uppstår efter ett nacktrauma och besvär som uppstår pga denna skada benämns whiplashrelaterade besvär (WAD). Alla som råkar ut för ett nacktrauma får inte bestående men, men för de 10% där besvären kvarstår påverkas livsituationen avsevärt. Skadan går inte att påvisa med den medicintekniska apparatur som finns idag. De kroniska besvären är många och omfattande, ofta diffusa och kan inte alltid logiskt kopplas till nacktraumat. Patienten känner att skadan ideligen måste ?bevisas? eftersom den inte syns.

Aim: The aim of present study was to determine the frequency of taste and smell disorders occuring in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. Methods: The study was of an empirical cross sectional quantitative descriptive design. During one month, consecutive cancer patients at outpatient units in two Swedish hospitals were asked to participate in the study by completing a questionnaire that had been developed previously for a similar study. All participants had undergone at least 1 cycle of intravenous chemotherapy or  a minimum of seven days of oral chemotherapy. Results: A total of 102 patients completed the questionnaire.

Whiplash is a bodily injury, where the person that is injured is subjected to force towards the neck, mainly in traffic accidents. Even low speed accidents can cause severe damage due to the complicated muscle and nerve structure of the neck. Symptoms range from neck aches and headaches to numb fingers and this makes the Whiplash injury difficult to diagnose. Whiplash is also a treacherous injury due to the fact that the symptoms can not be objectively verified. The principal symptom of the injury is pain, which is to its nature highly subjective.

WAD betyder whiplash associated disorder och har sin grund i en whiplashskada, som är en svårdiagnostiserad skada på nackpartiet.Whiplashskador har i västvärlden blivit en av de vanligaste skadornatill följd av trafikolyckor. De vanligaste symptomen är smärta i huvudoch nacke samt domningar och stickningar i olika kroppsdelar. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka huruvida det finns någon skillnad i kognitiva funktioner mellan personer med WAD och personer utan denna skada (n = 20). Detta undersöktes med hjälp av en enkät och ett kognitivt testbatteri. Resultaten tyder på en signifikant gruppeffekt för sekundärminne vid omedelbar fri återgivning, F(1, 19) =4.48, p<.05.De övriga resultaten var inte statistiskt säkerställda men visade klara tendenser till att kontrollgruppen presterade bättre på samtliga kognitiva test..

Syftet med denna examensrapport är att ta fram ett eftermonterbart whiplashskydd till BMW 5-serie. Detta eftersom att denna modell, jämfört med modeller i samma prisklass, har fått mycket dåliga resultat i två oberoende whiplashtest.Projektet resulterade i ett skydd som enkelt och tryggt kan monteras på nackstöden i bilen. Skyddet reducerar risken för en whiplashskada genom att minska det kritiska avståndet mellan huvud och nackstöd. Konstruktionen av skyddet är okomplicerad men designad så att den inte kan röra sig ur läge vid en kollision.För att nå fram till detta resultat har en designmetodik använts som är lämpad för just detta ändamål. Designmetodiken innefattar olika processer så som brainstorming och evalueringsmatris.Resultatet i denna rapport är endast ett koncept, så vidare utveckling krävs för att nå fram till en färdig produkt..

The title is a quote from a blog entry written by the Swedish journalist Linus Fremin. For many years Fremin suffered from bulimia and he claims that men for a long time have been excluded from medias coverage of eating disorders.We wanted to try this thesis and decided to do a quantitative study of articles published in two Swedish newspapers, Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter, regarding eating disorders during the period 20101129-20121129. We studied 199 articles and counted the occurrence of men and women in the texts.Our study showed that women were represented in a majority of the articles, whereas the men were clearly much more absent. In most of the articles eating disorders were described as a female issue and men were rarely included. It?s difficult to say how the ideal division of men and women in media?s coverage of eating disorders should look like.

The main objective of this study has been to explore how art therapists experience the visual art´s that can be used in the promotion of health among people with depression - and anxiety disorders. The concept of SOC- sense of coherence has been a central term and a link between imaging and SOC were identified in the study. The underlying method in the study was a qualitative form, where semi-structured interviews were used. Through a strategic- sample five female art therapist were contacted, who all came to participate in the study. The study is essentially based on hermeneutical method and the analysis of interview material has been analyst by using thematic analysis.

The main domain in which eating disorders are defined is medical, whereas socio-cultural perspectives are less common. Because social workers seeks to explain different problems taking societal factors into account, we asked ourselves if social workers have a way of understanding eating disorders, that is different from a medical point of view. Two focus group interviews were conducted; the one composed by social workers with experience of working with eating disorders, and the other by social workers without that experience, which enabled comparisons. The interviews were analyzed using socio-cultural and feminist perspectives. The result showed that the social workers use socio-cultural perspectives in explaining eating disorders.

The purpose of this literature review was to find common factors for the persons who predispose to eating disorders. These factors shall help the nurse to recognise early signs of eating disorder behaviors. The literature review is directed to the nurse and will answer the issue: Which groups in the community run the risk of developing eating disorders? Furthermore, this knowledge shall lead to a better understanding of persons having eating disorders and be used as an aid in his/her encounter with these patients. The method was a literature review based on eight scientific articles, which were interpreted on the basis of the competence of the nurse.

The aim of this study was to examine musculoskeletal disorders among dental hygienists inrelation to work postures (sitting, standing, and altering) and to study differences in thegroups regarding numbers of disorders, locations and degrees. A mail questionnaire wasdistributed among 200 dental hygienists in the region of Skåne. The response rate was 79 %.The majority of the dental hygienists were working in a sitting position. Only43 dental hygienists were altering their working position and two were working in a standingposition. The results showed that 85 % of the dental hygienists have experiencedmusculoskeletal disorders in the last 12 months.

This project was initiated by a veterinarian, that at stallion performance tests for breeding during a number of years, noted breed differences in various types of testicular disorders. Therefore it was of interests to examine the proportion of testicular disorders within certain breeds. The aim with the project was in a first part to study cryptorchidism in common horse breeds in Sweden. Information about castrations of stallions performed during a 10 year period (2000-2009) was collected from computerized case records at five animal hospitals. The case records showed the numbers of castrations, normal cases and cases preformed on stallions with cryptorchidism, abdominal respectively inguinal.

The aim of this study was to describe how persons with Whiplash associated disorder experience how the pain affects them in their daily life. The design of the study was descriptive with qualitative, individual interviews, questionnaire with background facts of the examination group, and diary notes from persons with pain of WAD. Method for selection was convenience. Through contact with the association of whiplash group in a county in middle of Sweden, the majority of the examination group for the study was found. Five persons where given information about the study, one of them choose not to take part of the study, and one of the persons did not complete the study.

An array of different retinal disorders is present as a threat in quite a number of dog breeds. These often lead to profound visual impairment or blindness. Many of the disorders are genetic, and they are, in Sweden as well as in other countries, subject to breeding programmes. The anatomy of the eye and the retina, as well as current examination techniques (ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography (ERG) and genetic analysis) are described. The more common retinal disorders encountered in dogs in Sweden are discussed: retinal dysplasia, generalized progressive retinal dystrophy, retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy, collie eye anomaly, sudden acquired retinal degeneration, retinal detachment and choroiditis. The possibly affected breeds are listed. The value of diagnostic findings is discussed and current advances on the subject in ophthalmologic research are accounted for..