AbstractOur purpose for making this study is to study the implementation, the use of and the effects of Lean within our case objects.  We chose to make this thesis by case studies. The three themes mentioned above is also the main research questions that we aim to find an answer to by this study. We have chosen to do a cross section analysis where we conducted structured interviews to find answers to these questions. The theoretical reference frame consists partly of traditional theoreticians within Lean but also more recent research within the subject as well as theory specifically for Lean within the Health Care sector.The result of this study shows in all our case studies that the Management has been supporting the implementation, but that the implementation process proceeds faster if also the professionals are involved in the process.  To succeed with the implementation there is a great need for good reasons and strives that can benefit the professionals. By the use of Lean our case studies have evaluated its processes, with the main intentions being to reduce waste activities and to create flows with ?pull systems?.

This thesis investigates the socio- and environmental economic effects of a deep repository for spent nuclear fuel in Forsmark in the municipality of Östhammar. I seek to show the general picture but focus on the effects on employment, environment and income. Cost-benefit analysis is used to investigate the differences in utility between a scenario with and a scenario without a deep repository in Forsmark. Most of the possible effects can not be valued and many can not even be quantified with the data available today. Therefore this thesis has a bit of a ?preliminary study character? and seeks to show what we know today and what needs to be further investigated when available data allow it. The costs that could be valued are noise from the traffic during the period of building and emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the transportation of rock masses during the building period.

Ensåsengruvan is a mine situated within Ljusdals municipality in central Sweden. Themine was in use from 1984 to 1991 and has since been undergoing a remediation program. Mine tailings from sulfide rich ore is a potential environmental hazard due to its tendency to cause acid waters and heavy metal leakage. Lake Ensjön is situated one kilometer from the mine area. Due to the hydrological conditions it was not expected to receive inflowing water from the mining area.

Ett av de vanligaste fodermedlen hos jordbrukare i Kampala är drav, en biprodukt vid ölframställning. Hög efterfrågan, dyr transport samt dålig lagringskapacitet leder till att tillgången på drav begränsas. Ett sätt att lagra drav och således förbättra tillgängligheten är genom ensilering. Denna studie genomfördes som en Minor Field Study, och var en del i ett projekt mellan SLU och Makerere University, ?feed for livestock in urban/peri-urban areas of Kampala?.

This report is a study made at Pallco AB. Pallco is a subcontractor that is specialized on steel and aluminium components.The aim of the report is to show an improvement proposal that leads to a reduction of the storage and improve the flow through the production of one item that is a part of a product that Pallco manufactures.With the increasing competition from other countries who can manufacture with lower costs must Swedish companies try to make theirs manufacturing as efficient as possible and remove all waste. By using the tools of Lean Production it is possible to reduce the costs and increase the efficiency.The method we used is value stream mapping. A map of the present condition has been made and then different improvement proposal were discussed. A map of a future condition has also been designed..

Sedan Nacka golfklubb införde källsortering år 2003 har golfklubben funderat över hur deras sortering och avfallshantering egentligen fungerar. I samband med den miljöcertifiering golfklubben ansökt om att få via Golf Environment Organization (GEO) skall ett flertal områden på golfklubben ses över, varav avfallshanteringen är ett av dessa områden.Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka hur Nacka golfklubb idag avfallshanterar och ta fram ett underlag för den certifiering golfklubben ansökt om inom det givna området. Underlaget för certifieringen ska baseras på certifieringens krav och rutiner för förbättring ska baseras på kunskap, hantering samt minimering. De metoder som använts är litteraturstudier, intervjuer, studiebesök samt en analys utifrån Sustainable Development Records (SDR).Resultatet av SDR gav en generell bild av golfklubbens effektivitet, sparsamhet och marginal. Genom SDR kan golfklubben i framtiden fortsätta att mäta och jämföra sina resultat för att se om verksamheten går mot en mer hållbar utveckling och avfallshantering men för att göra detta måste en grundligare undersökning i framtiden genomföras i samband med en avfallsrevision.Utifrån det rutiner golfklubben har rekommenderas ett flertal förändringar för att golfklubben ska få en bättre standard inom sin avfallshantering.

Total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are two methods used for measuring organic pollutants in wastewater. Both methods are widely used but the COD method results in production of hazardous wastes, including mercury.The purpose of this study was to validate the method TOC that will replace COD and find a factor to convert TOC to COD. In this study 26 samples were analyzed from four sewage treatment plant in the municipality of Enköping.The results show that the COD method could be replaced by the TOC method.The factor for COD/TOC was between 3.1 - 3.3. Both methods will be used in parallel until 2013 when it will be forbidden to use the COD analysis..

This essay is about a deserted medieval habitation called Skyttsie Hage which is located in the south of Sweden in the Scania province where it lies on a moor on the Falsterbopeninsula. Remains of five to six larger buildings have been found here with a surrounding earthwork, although it's not known for sure what kind of habitation they have been part of. Local folklore from the 17:th century states the area as a place where pirates lived, and that this was the reason for it's devastation. Another says that there once stood a breedingfarm belonging to the danish crown. Archaeologists have made several speculations which includes a deer park, a royal estate, an isolated farm or a smaller village.

The need for roundwood transport capacity vary throughout the year. The need during a period is influenced mainly by the volume transported the period, the number of days during which transport can be carried out, seasonal variations in road conditions and the weight of the roundwood, and the origin of the wood (private forest owners/ forest companies). The need for transport capacity generally increase during the winter and in spring, after thawing. Lack of logging trucks combined with a lack of drivers for these trucks make it hard to hire extra help during periods of increased transport capacity needs. It is also very expensive to keep logging trucks for use only during these periods. In this thesis, two new concepts based on the partial transport by truck tractors have been examined, to find out the possibility for increased performance and flexibility.

It has become more and more common that companies in the service sector are beginning to understand their own effect on the environment and thus the need to contribute to a sustainable development through acting in a deliberate way. Serious environmental work can help a company to improve their image and in that way win competitive advantage that leads to improved profitability. In a short time perspective, adjustment to the environment is an opportunity to gain competitive advantage and an opportunity to develop a profile. In a long time perspective it is about survival. The environmental work has become a sequel to the work with quality.

Part 1 of 2  ? Lean philosophy ? five steps to get the workplace in order?Part one deals with the theory of what Lean and 5S are.Lean is a long-term approach that involves a quest to become the best on the market by increasing employee engagement, eliminate waste and focus on the right things.5S is a method of order in a system. Businesses around the world are using these 5S which stands for sort, straighten, shine, standardize and sustain. Part 2 of 2 ? Lean philosophy ? five steps to get the workplace in order?Part 2 deals with the practical about 5S and a short summery about the company Wibax AB where the degree thesis took place.Wibax has a a project which involves using 5S in practice and create order in the in preparation lab and in the control room.By finding a solution to this mess reduces the time that was previously spent on searching equipment. Instead of search, the workers can do the real work..

Chile and Santiago are struggling with heavy environmental problems as a consequence of urbanisation and industrialisation. In the Santiago region the air is seriously contaminated and most of the rivers are classified as heavily polluted.The aim of this thesis is to survey the industrial fluid waste situation in the Santiago region and to make suggestions on technological improvements or process changes. The purpose is also to study five different enterprises more closely and to give more detailed suggestions for improvement. Another purpose is to summarize relevant Chilean legislation.Information, provided by the supervisory authority, about the release of industrial wastewater to rivers has been analysed. Deep interviews have been made with authorities and consultants.

A high quality is highly requested in today?s thinnings, since these are the base for continued value development of the forests. Thinning quality often means a minimization of damages on soil, stems and roots during the cutting. One way to reach a high quality is to set up goals that will be followed up after the cutting is made. Self-checking gives information of the machine drivers work and guarantees the customers a good quality of work.

Ungefär en tredjedel av maten som produceras i världen slängs. I Sverige slängs över 1,2 miljoner ton mat varje år. En stor del av det är så kallat matsvinn, onödigt matavfall som skulle kunna använts om den hanterats annorlunda. Matsvinn påverkar miljön och samhällsekonomin med förluster genom hela livsmedelskedjan och genom den avfallshantering matsvinnet ger upphov till. Matavfall kan användas för produktion av biogas, kompost och värme men det är bättre att reducera produktionen än att återanvända eller omvandla produkten. Svenska skolkök slänger runt 30 000 ton mat varje år, varav drygt hälften beräknas vara matsvinn.

Pappersmakulatur uppstår i tryckpressarna, men orsakerna finns i företagets alla funktioner. För ett framgångsrikt förbättringsarbete med att minska makulaturen krävs därför att all personal är engagerad.Examensarbetet utfördes på Bobergs Tryckeri AB i Falun, ett familjeägt företag med 60 anställda, som producerar personifierad direktreklam och blanketter. Syftet var att undersöka hur pappersmakulaturen kan minska och målet var att hitta orsaker samt ge förslag på åtgärder för att minska den.Genom intervjuer med personalen kartlades produktionssprocessen och utifrån det utarbetades förbättringsförslag. Exempel på förbättringsförslag är att kontinuerligt mäta och rapportera makulaturen, förbättra kommunikationen mellan avdelningarna och utveckla färgstyrningen. Litteraturstudier och kontakter med nyckelpersoner inom branschorganisationer och andra liknande företag, var till stor hjälp i arbetet.