Chewing behaviour includes both eating and ruminating activity. Chewing behaviour is of great importance for the feed intake as through the action of chewing (i.e. eating and ruminating) animals mechanically process the forages in small particle sizes and prepare the food for digestion. As cattle grow the chewing behaviour changes along with increasing body weight and chewing efficiency is increased. The aim of this thesis was to review the available scientific literature in order to describe chewing behaviour in growing cattle, as well as the factors that affect this behaviour.

Phenylbutazone has been discussed in the world of the equestrian sport several times and different countries have diverse opinions on its use in competitions. The progressive list that permits phenylbutazone with plasma levels up to 8 µg/ml was presented at the FEI General Assembly in November 2009. The list was voted to be accepted, but later several countries realized the consequences and after protests the list was rejected and is going to be discussed again at the FEI General Assembly 2010. In this literature study I have studied the relationship between the concentrations of phenylbutazone in plasma and the effects on lameness. The purpose was to establish whether the limit of 8 µg/ml phenylbutazone in plasma affects the equestrian sport.

AbstractObjectivePatients with Parkinson?s disease often have symptoms of dysphagia. These swallowingproblems have consequences for quality of life as well for the physical wellbeing of thepatients. AimThe aim of this study was to describe and correlate Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL)scores, self-assessment of swallowing function using a visual analogue scale and the resultsfrom a fiber endoscopic evaluation of swallowing function in patients who had been selectedfor Deep Brain Stimulation in caudal zona incerta. A secondary aim was to correlate diseaseduration with results from SWAL-QOL and the fiber endoscopic evaluation of swallowingfunction.MethodTen male Parkinson?s patients (age 45-69 yrs, median 61.5 yrs) who were selected for DeepBrain Stimulation completing the Swallowing Quality of life form, as well as rating theirswallowing function using a visual analogue scale and undergoing a fiber endoscopicevaluation of their swallowing function.    ResultsThe median total SWAL-QOL score was 94% while the mean was 91%.

Automatic rumination measuring can be applied as a health indicator in dairy farming but is also highly desirable for research purposes. This study aimed to validate the technical functionality of the product RuminActTM, which employ acoustics to monitor rumination duration. The time budget of high yielding cows was studied and possible differences in rumination time between 13 rations were interpreted. Further the study examined what affects daily rumination and rumination efficiency. The validation was performed with direct observations that were compared to the automatically recorded rumination durations.

ABSTRACTBackground: After general anesthesia the cognitive ability is temporarily impaired. Cognitive recovery is necessary for the patient to be able to assimilate the information that she / he gets postoperatively. It also increases the patient safety. There are few methods to estimate and assess the patient's cognitive recovery before and after anesthesia. The purpose of this study is to test the usefulness of the instrument PQRS and to assess the patients cognitive recovery after anesthesia.

Bakgrund:Delirium innebär en påfrestning för patienten och medför förlängd vårdtid, ökad mortalitet och ökade samhällskostnader. Som intensivvårdssjuksköterska är det därför viktigt att ha kunskap om tillståndet och om preventiva åtgärder. Syfte: Att beskriva vilken kunskap intensivvårdssjuksköterskan behöver och vilka åtgärder som kan utföras för att förebygga utvecklingen av delirium. Metod: Design: Litteraturstudie. En litteratursökning genomfördes i databasen PubMed som resulterade i 20 utvalda, kvalitetsvärderade och evidensgraderade studier.

Alopecia areata (AA) betyder fläckvis håravfall och uppstår vanligen på huvudet men även på kroppen. Det är en harmlös, reversibel, organ-specifik, autoimmun hudsjukdom som drabbar hårfolliklarna. Den autoimmuna reaktionen förmedlas av T-lymfocyter som angriper hårfolliklarna och hämmar hårväxt. Det årliga incidenstalet för både kvinnor och män är 20,2 per 100 000 personer och 1,7 % av befolkningen riskerar att drabbas någon gång under livet. Även om genetiskt anlag och miljöfaktorer, såsom emotionell stress, graviditet och tillfälliga infektioner kan utlösa sjukdomen så är den exakta orsaken fortfarande okänd.

ITT Flygt is a world leading company that mainly manufactures submersible pumps. A problem of ITT Flygt is that product development projects rarely manage to hold the estimated project time. It shows that something unexpected occurs in projects quite often, which results in delays. The delays can both be due to an optimistic time plan of projects and risks in product development projects which are not discovered at an early stage. This added with unforeseen delays makes it difficult for ITT Flygt to estimate the duration of their projects.The goal with the Master thesis is to examine a suitable method for simulation of project time.

Migration and giving birth are crucial decisions for animals during their life cycle, which may have lasting consequences on their population demography and fitness. Migration can entail a variety of possible effects for an individual, such as access to high quality food and reduced risk for predation. The moose (Alces alces) in northern Sweden is partially migratory and moose females are known to give birth to one or two calves. The synchrony between time of calving and timing of migration has not been compared before, especially in terms of energy maximizing and time minimizing perspectives, which may provide vital cues for fitness benefits of migration. I investigated effect of timing of birth and individual life history on distance, timing, stopovers and duration of 190 individually marked female moose that have been tracked for multiple years in ten different areas in northern Sweden.

Milkability or ease of milking, has higher importance today for Swedish dairy cattle producers after the introduction of milking parlours and automatic milking systems. Milkability is the cow?s ability to quickly milk out and be completely milked. There are several measures of milkability available. Today the farmer measures the traits subjectively in relation to the conformation scoring of the cow 30-270 days after her first calving.

Syftet med uppsatsen var att relatera amningstidens längd till amningsproblem och kvinnors upplevelse av sin amning samt att kartlägga orsaker till delvis amning och upphörande av amning. Studiens design var en deskriptiv, retrospektiv korrelationsstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Materialet till studien hämtades från redan utförda intervjuer. Populationen bestod av 250 kvinnor i åldrarna 19-46 år varav 103 var förstföderskor och 147 omföderskor.Resultatet av studien har visat att tiden för enbart amning och den totala amningstidens längd varierade. De kvinnor som var positiva till amningen hade en längre amningsperiod än de kvinnor som var negativa till amningen.

In this essay I analyze the performative aspects relating to Marina Abramovi?'s The Artist Is Present, which took place in spring 2010 at MoMA in New York, from the context of the artist and work, institution and documentation. In this performance work, for the duration of the exhibition, Abramovi? sits completely still opposite another chair where anyone from the audience may sit. The art arises through this participation.

My bachelor?s dissertation concerns the creation of a proposal for interior decoration of the Boland High School?s canteen. I have been in contact with personnel, students and the school principal through the duration of the project. In the end, substantive changes of lighting, interior decoration and movement were proposed for the canteen. In the proposal I have focused on accentuating the school?s profile, on creating smaller spatial configurations within the larger configuration of the room, lowering the noise level, creating a good movement flow, increase the number of seats and creating a pleasant environment in which to eat..

Oestrus in dairy cattle has changed over the last decades; the intensity of oestrus has declined and the duration decreased. Several studies have shown that not all dairy cows stand to be mounted, and that oestrus expression in many cases may be characterized by other behaviours. The aim of this study was to investigate oestrus behaviour in a herd of todays? high producing dairy cattle. The study was carried out at Jälla naturbruksgymnasium in Uppsala during one week in January 2011.

Cancer är av de vanligaste sjukdomarna i västvärlden. Sjukdomen innebär för många smärta och minskad livskvalitet. För att bidra till ökad livskvalitet även hos personer med cancer som inte går att bota, har palliativ vård utvecklats. Denna vård syftar bland annat till att bedöma och utvärdera smärta och utifrån detta erbjuda behandling. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga hur patienter upplever cancersmärta, vilka faktorer som påverkar upplevelsen och hur patienterna upplever sjukvårdens insatser för att lindra smärtan.