Engblom, Gustav (2009) De nya riksdagspartierna och den politiska dagordningen ?The new parilament parties and the political agenda.?1988 and 1991 the swedish parties Miljöpartiet, Ny demokrati and Kristdemokratiska samlingspartiet made it over the 4 percent threshold and successfully entered the Swedish parliament. Sweden was once described as one of the most stable political systems in the world, but the parliament elections of 1988 and 1991 showed that Sweden was no exception from the growing instability in west democratic political systems.The stability and instability that followed in the west democratic political systems is believed to be explained by the political parties? efforts to adjust to changes in their political environment. This has lead them to cartelize and the cartel party is believed to prefer stability over triumph for various reasons.The established political parties are believed to be able to manipulate the political agenda in such a way that political topics that would have caused great turbulence in the political system, if debated, are kept away from the political agenda.

In modern, Swedish political science there are different ways of looking at ?democracy?. A very common distinction is that between three groups of democratic theories: electoral democracy, participation democracy and deliberative democracy.The nowadays frequently used concept of electoral democracy is often used as synonymous with the older concept of repre­­­­sen­tative or indirect democracy ? frequently regarded as a contrast to the direct democracy of ancient Athens. However, there are also important differences.

Platta på mark är en av de vanligaste grundkonstruktionerna i Sverige idag, där ett stortproblem är uppkomsten av oönskade sprickor. En vanlig orsak till att betongplattor spricker ärförhindrad krympning på grund av tvång. För platta på mark är det undergrund, plintar ochVoter som skapar tvånget i plattan då den fria krympningen delvis blir förhindrad av denfriktion som skapas mellan konstruktion och undergrund. Det har länge antagits att tvånget ien platta på mark ökar med plattstorleken, men storleken på ökningen har varit okänd. Syftetmed detta arbete är att med hjälp av FEM-analys ta reda på vilket tvång som bildas i en plattapå mark på grund av gradientkrympning för olika undergrunder.För att kunna verifiera resultaten från FEM-analysen har två olika program används,Cervenka Consultings Atena och StruSofts FEM-design.