This essay concerns the visual trade grading of pine and spruce.In the 1800s developed rules for sorting of wood. The rules used to facilitate the export trade.The terms of the regulatory sorting systems developed in the 1900s. While it still used some of the older terms.The essay deals with how the grading rules affect the use of wood and how the rule work and how the terminology works.Some of the terms used for sorting are O/S, Kvinta, Utskott and A,B,C,D.You sorting by counting the numbers of knots, cracks and other characteristics of each piece of wood.The sawmills have much influence in how the rules developed.Today it is often already determined in the sawmills which uses each piece of wood most have..

The purpose of this study is to gain insight of four preschool teacher?s perspectives and reasoning in two different local if they working to counteract exclusion. The questions this study assumes are: How does the teachers in preschool reason about how they working against exclusion of children with diagnosis in the free game, if there are? How does the teachers reasoning about their methods and personal strategies they uses to include children with diagnosis in the free game, if they are excluded? How does the teachers reasoning about the diagnosis effect of these children?s social interaction with other children if the diagnosis became their identity? The method in this study to collect material about the teacher´s perspective on the subject is semi-structured interviews. The collected material has been analyzed and interpreted from a socio-cultural perspective.

An automatic control system for calibration of pressure indicators has been constructed. This control system can be used as a complement to the calibration system located at AerotechTelub, division MainPartner, in Linköping. The calibration system used today contains some not wanted pressure changes, which is compensated by hand today. The new system presented in this report automates the calibrating process and simplifies the calibration. Suitable hardware as motor, controls card and so on have been found and software in the form of Visual Basic program has been developed.

The requirements for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are gradually increasing, partly because of higher incoming loads, which in turn require a more efficient treatment process. In parallel with environmental and economic goals there are also desires to lower energy consumption without compromising the wastewater treatment. Furthermore, there is a demand on WWTP´s to alter eutrophication in aquatic systems through better nitrogen and phosphorus removal. An increasing number of WWTP´s have acquired biological nitrogen and phos-phorus removal. A by-product of this type of biological treatment is the formation of nitrous oxide, which is a potent greenhouse gas.

The scope of this master thesis is the scientific publishing at Uppsala University's Faculty of Arts. The aim of the thesis is to investigate publication patterns and publishing strategies. To investigate how the publication patterns of the faculty is structured and what priorities and considerations the researchers have regarding scientific publishing. Furthermore, the aim is to compare these publishing strategies and publication patterns to incentives and selection principles of the bibliometric indicators in the performance based research funding systems on the national and local scale.The thesis is based on the theories of disciplinary differences developed by Richard Whitley and Tony Becher and Paul R. Trowler. These theories suggest a framework based on organizational and sociological perspectives, that offers ways to explain differences in publication patterns between different scientific fields.The study is based on two empirical studies of the faculty.

Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) is a vulnerable group with regard to HIVbecause of biological factors, lifestyle, discrimination and, in some parts of the world,criminalization. From a public health perspective it is important to include MSM in order to securea high-quality HIV prevention but also to safeguard human rights (HR) for this group. However, itis only recently that the Swedish development cooperation agencies have begun to integrate MSMin HIV prevention. Objective: To examine how employees of Swedish institutions responsible fordevelopment cooperation manage the vulnerable group MSM when providing support for HIVprevention programs and human rights programs. Topics relate to challenges and strategies tointegrate MSM in HIV prevention, which achievements have been obtained, and how to practicallydeal with the criminalization of the group.

Skyltdockor är ett exponeringsverktyg som har en lång historia inom klädsömnadsindustrin, en historia som genom decennierna förändrats och utvecklats för att attrahera konsumenterna på marknaden. Utseendet och skönhetsidealen som symboliseras har diskuterats och väcker idag, år 2012, stora debatter som är högaktuella.Syftet med forskningen är att studera den kvinnliga konsumentens associationer och attityd till skyltdockor på den svenska marknaden. Vi vill bidra till en ökad förståelse för marknadens attityder till skyltdockan ur ett företagsperspektiv, få en överblick över kommunikationskanalen och påvisa hur utformningen av skyltdockan ställs i relation till konsumentbeteendet.Forskningsfrågorna som behandlas i undersökningen är följande, hur ska skyltdockorna på den svenska marknaden utformas för att uppfattas som en effektiv exponerings- och kommunikationskanal. Vilka betydelsefulla argument är intressanta vid utformningen av en kvinnlig skyltdocka. Hur ska skyltdockan utformas för att attrahera den kvinnliga konsumenten och inge positiva associationer.

Allteftersom 3d-animerade produktioner blir alltmer vanliga både i film och i TV-produktioner och datorer blir kraftfullare varje år: så börjar realtidsrendering bli mer och mer aktuellt. I detta examensarbete kommer jag främst att koncentrera mig på att skapa koncept, modellering, texturering, behandling av material och ljussättning av en prototypkaraktär där målet är att se om det går att uppnå en så pass hög kvalité på det visuella, att det går att använda i en professionell produktion och om detta inte uppnås: ta reda på vad som saknas. Resultatet är en karaktärsmodell med en tecknad visuell stil med tillhörande återanvändbart material, som förhoppningsvis ser tillräckligt bra ut för att kunna användas i till exempel ett animerat barnprogram på TV.

Researchers, planners, and government agencies agree that road safety for children must be a priority and in particular that children should have a safe and secure way to travel to and from school regardless of age or the distance travelled. In Sweden, child traffic safety is a key part of the country?s Nollvision, a long-term traffic policy goal of ?no deaths or serious injuries?. Unfortunately, many countries have recorded increases in child traffic accidents as the percentage of parents who drive their children to school and thus congestion around schools has increased. Common strategies include traffic safety education for children, the redesign and improvement of traffic infrastructure, bicycle training, and carpooling.This thesis assesses the traffic problem around Ludvigsberg School in the district Valbo in Gävle, Sweden.

Thule Sweden AB utvecklar, tillverkar och marknadsför kompletta och funktionella lasthållarsystem för bilar. De erbjuder en mycket stor bredd av olika lasthållare till över 1500 bilmodeller. De tillverkar lasthållare som cykelhållare, boxar, skidhållare, hållare för vattensport och andra tillbehör. För att en bil skall kunna bära en takbox måste det tillverkas en lasthållare som placeras mellan biltaket och takboxen. En del i denna lasthållare kallas för takbleck och dess form tas fram med en speciell takskanner vilken analyserar biltakets form vid kanterna.Till detta har en mjukvara tagits fram som Thule kan använda för att söka/lägga till/redigera takbleck, istället för att manuellt söka i en pärm bland 700 olika ritningar.

In the future the Swedish pension system will face major problems. With an increasing aging population combined with a decreasing share of working population the financing of the pension system is becoming a bigger problem than previously predicted. This means the individual himself will have a bigger responsibility to invest money for their future retirement. It has been shown that a large proportion of the people who invests for their future pension have neither the interest nor the time to actively invest their pension capital. To make it easier for those who invest for their retirement, some Swedish banks have created so-called generation funds.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the nurse?s work at an emergency department trough a perspective of caring.Method: A literature review has been made of twelve studies published between the years of 2002 ? 2012. The focus of all the studies was on Swedish emergency departments.  Results: The researchers found four themes that they choose to use as a way of describing the nurses work in the emergency room as detailed as possible. These themes were: ?The emergency room?, ?the nurse?s job assignments at an emergency department?, ?the patient?s experiences? and ?lifeworld and communication?.

The cellular market is today suffering from great customer dissatisfaction. Simultaneously, the services offered by the different cellular providers are very homogenous, causing strict competition where various price strategies have been the main mean of battle. From a business perspective, implementing pricing strategies, to keep up with increased network investments, is a short term solution.In a market characterized by lacking customer satisfaction and harsh competition, research has shown the importance of highlighting customer relations in marketing. This type of marketing, which one could refer to as relationship marketing, is considered an efficient, economic, and strategic method of showing the importance of customer loyalty. To get insight in the relationship between the customers and the cellular providers, as well as to show the importance of relationship marketing, this study has used qualitative interviews to find what develops strong customer loyalty.The results showed that increased customer loyalty is achieved when an emotional bond is created.

Uppsatsen utforskar legenden om den helige Antonius frestelse och det intryck helgonberättelsen lämnat på konsten. En ikonografisk metod används för att beskriva den litteratur som skapat och utvecklat berättelsen och ur detta systematiseras de motiv som sedan översatts till bildkonsten. Genom att analysera nio olika avbildningar av Antonius skapas en kronologisk följd över hur skildringarna genomgått en transformation sedan 1500-talet..

Researchers, planners, and government agencies agree that road safety for children must be a priority and in particular that children should have a safe and secure way to travel to and from school regardless of age or the distance travelled. In Sweden, child traffic safety is a key part of the country?s Nollvision, a long-term traffic policy goal of ?no deaths or serious injuries?. Unfortunately, many countries have recorded increases in child traffic accidents as the percentage of parents who drive their children to school and thus congestion around schools has increased. Common strategies include traffic safety education for children, the redesign and improvement of traffic infrastructure, bicycle training, and carpooling.This thesis assesses the traffic problem around Ludvigsberg School in the district Valbo in Gävle, Sweden.