Personer med funktionsnedsättningar stöter ofta på hinder i den offentliga miljön, till exempel trappor, höga trösklar, dålig skyltning eller belysning. Detta i sin tur påverkar individens förmåga att utföra dagliga aktiviteter och att vara delaktig i samhället. En pilotversion av ett kartläggningsinstrument användes för en bedömning av miljöhinder i ett urval faciliteter i en skånsk kommun. Av de 1215 miljöitems som bedömdes påträffades 298 miljöhinder. Generellt sett visar detta på relativt få miljöhinder vilket kan vara avgörande för tillgänglighet och därmed även påverka aktivitet och delaktighet positivt.

The focus of this project was to characterize the occurrence of ESBL-­?producing bacteria in two irrigation water ponds in Southern Sweden. Samples were taken from two ponds nearby each other, from which analyses were made based on levels of community and individual isolates. Community samples were used for attempts for characterization of resistance patterns in irrigation water using the Omnilog PM-­?plate system. The growth of community microbiota in the presence of the following antibiotic substances was assessed; amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, penicillin G, ampicillin, piperacillin, trimethoprim, potassium tellurite and ciprofloxacin. Isolates were pure cultured using semi-­?selective media: LB, Rainbow Agar, mEnterococcus, 0.1 TSA and VRBD. A total of 177 isolates were isolated randomly. Each isolate was identified using the Omnilog GENIII-­?system of biochemical characterization. Further, the isolates were tested on Brilliance ESBL-­?agar for their ability to grow. Out of the total number of isolates, 30 were selected, preferably Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas spp., based on their high similarity to library strain during the identification in the Omnilog-­?system. These were further characterized using Etest-­?sticks. Three selected strains were picked for further analyses using exogenous isolation for attempts to simulate horizontal gene transfer, and Omnilog PM-­?panels containing various antibiotics of interest. Selections of samples were chosen for molecular tests targeting plasmid-­?borne resistance genes CTX-­?M1, CTX-­?M2 and SHV. The method for assessing community-­?resistance patterns showed ambiguous data that was difficult to interpret; further optimization is recommended. For all tested PM-­?plates, generally greatest differences between substances were found among wells with the strongest concentration of antibiotic substance. A total of 175 isolates displayed ability to grow on ESBL-­?agar. Etests confirmed ability of isolates to resist many ?-­?lactam antibiotics and many were clinically resistant to certain substances. No plasmids were transferred during exogenous isolation. During molecular tests, a few matches were found for the CTX-­?M1 gene. Isolates analyzed with Omnilog PM-­?plates showed resistance to most compounds tested. The isolates showed greatest resistance toward penicillin G, ampicillin, amikacin, kanamycin and trimethoprim. In the study, it was established that resistance among bacteria was frequently occurring in the irrigation water, and ?-­?lactamase producing bacteria was very common. Extended studies are needed to assess the frequency-­? and occurrence of horizontal gene transfer (HGF) in this environment. Although some potential corresponding data is found, it is at this point not possible to determine whether the resistances are due to antibiotics used in veterinary medicine, human medicine or one additional reason is travel and trade. in irrigation water using the Omnilog PM-­?plate system. The growth of community microbiota in the presence of the following antibiotic substances was assessed; amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, penicillin G, ampicillin, piperacillin, trimethoprim, potassium tellurite and ciprofloxacin. Isolates were pure cultured using semi-­?selective media: LB, Rainbow Agar, mEnterococcus, 0.1 TSA and VRBD. A total of 177 isolates were isolated randomly. Each isolate was identified using the Omnilog GENIII-­?system of biochemical characterization. Further, the isolates were tested on Brilliance ESBL-­?agar for their ability to grow. Out of the total number of isolates, 30 were selected, preferably Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas spp., based on their high similarity to library strain during the identification in the Omnilog-­?system. These were further characterized using Etest-­?sticks. Three selected strains were picked for further analyses using exogenous isolation for attempts to simulate horizontal gene transfer, and Omnilog PM-­?panels containing various antibiotics of interest. Selections of samples were chosen for molecular tests targeting plasmid-­?borne resistance genes CTX-­?M1, CTX-­?M2 and SHV. The method for assessing community-­?resistance patterns showed ambiguous data that was difficult to interpret; further optimization is recommended. For all tested PM-­?plates, generally greatest differences between substances were found among wells with the strongest concentration of antibiotic substance. A total of 175 isolates displayed ability to grow on ESBL-­?agar. Etests confirmed ability of isolates to resist many ?-­?lactam antibiotics and many were clinically resistant to certain substances. No plasmids were transferred during exogenous isolation. During molecular tests, a few matches were found for the CTX-­?M1 gene. Isolates analyzed with Omnilog PM-­?plates showed resistance to most compounds tested. The isolates showed greatest resistance toward penicillin G, ampicillin, amikacin, kanamycin and trimethoprim. In the study, it was established that resistance among bacteria was frequently occurring in the irrigation water, and ?-­?lactamase producing bacteria was very common. Extended studies are needed to assess the frequency-­? and occurrence of horizontal gene transfer (HGF) in this environment. Although some potential corresponding data is found, it is at this point not possible to determine whether the resistances are due to antibiotics used in veterinary medicine, human medicine or one additional reason is travel and trade..

As a pet owner you are likely to someday face the decision to euthanize your pet and as a veterinarian or veterinary technician you are the one to perform this euthanasia. The reason for euthanasia may be depending on the animal, for instance illness, age and behavioral problems or depending on the needs of the owner or the society, so called convenience euthanasia. Many different euthanasia methods can be used when putting an animal to sleep. The method preferred in animal hospitals is pharmacological euthanasia either by inhalation of anesthetics or by injection of a euthanasia agent. If the pet owner wishes to be present during the procedure it is important to prepare him for what will happen. Many animals are sedated before the euthanasia in order to reduce anxiety and to ensure a softer transition between life and death. The euthanasia agent can then be administrated for instance intravenously or intraperitonealy.

Background: In small animal healthcare fluid therapy is an important area. To get an adequate treatment there are several factors that may play important roles in this matter. One of these factors is the correct use of the administration technique. Aim: The aim was to investigate how correct the amount of prescribed fluid was given when different people set up a fluid administration set. Method: An experimental study was performed to compare two different infusion techniques.

The aim of the project was to investigate if Swedish rodents, brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), house mouse (Mus musculus), wood mouse (Apodemus spp) and water vole (Arvicola terrestris) captured in pig herds and in urban areas, constitute a reservoir for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Under Swedish conditions leptospirosis gives rise to reproductive disorders in pigs and symptoms of flu in humans. It has long been established that rodents are chronic carriers of pathogenic leptospires in their kidneys, and can spread the bacteria with urine. The old nomenclature of serovoars is still in use, but a new system of genetic classification has developed and today the genus Leptospira contains 17 species. There are several diagnostic test developed for leptospirosis.

The aim of the project was to investigate if Swedish rodents, brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), house mouse (Mus musculus), wood mouse (Apodemus spp) and water vole (Arvicola terrestris) captured in pig herds and in urban areas, constitute a reservoir for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Under Swedish conditions leptospirosis gives rise to reproductive disorders in pigs and symptoms of flu in humans. It has long been established that rodents are chronic carriers of pathogenic leptospires in their kidneys, and can spread the bacteria with urine. The old nomenclature of serovoars is still in use, but a new system of genetic classification has developed and today the genus Leptospira contains 17 species. There are several diagnostic test developed for leptospirosis.

The aim of the project was to investigate if Swedish rodents, brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), house mouse (Mus musculus), wood mouse (Apodemus spp) and water vole (Arvicola terrestris) captured in pig herds and in urban areas, constitute a reservoir for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Under Swedish conditions leptospirosis gives rise to reproductive disorders in pigs and symptoms of flu in humans. It has long been established that rodents are chronic carriers of pathogenic leptospires in their kidneys, and can spread the bacteria with urine. The old nomenclature of serovoars is still in use, but a new system of genetic classification has developed and today the genus Leptospira contains 17 species. There are several diagnostic test developed for leptospirosis.

Till år 2010 ska allmänna platser och lokaler vara tillgängliga för alla. Ett behov av att skapa gynnsamma förutsättningar för personer med funktionshinder att studera vid universitet och högskolor finns. Tillgängligheten påverkas bland annat av fysiska miljöhinder och är av intresse för arbetsterapeuter då dessa arbetar med att ändra den fysiska miljön för att möjliggöra aktivitet. Syftet med denna studie var att utifrån gällande lagar och rekommendationer för tillgänglighet kartlägga och beskriva eventuella fysiska miljöhinder i studentutrymmen i Vårdvetenskapens Hus vid Lunds Universitet. Utifrån en checklista kartlades och beskrevs fysiska miljöhinder.

Studien inriktade sig på individer vars falltrauma resulterat i höftfraktur. Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur män och kvinnor upplever delaktighet i det vardagliga livet efter en höftfraktur. Urvalet bestod av tio deltagare, med jämn fördelning av könen. Studien hade en kvalitativ ansats och bearbetades med innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att det förekom tydliga aktivitetsinskränkningar som med förde en ökas isolering och socialt tillbakadragande, vilket bidrog till att deltagarna upplevde minskad delaktighet i vardagen.

Phenylbutazone has been discussed in the world of the equestrian sport several times and different countries have diverse opinions on its use in competitions. The progressive list that permits phenylbutazone with plasma levels up to 8 µg/ml was presented at the FEI General Assembly in November 2009. The list was voted to be accepted, but later several countries realized the consequences and after protests the list was rejected and is going to be discussed again at the FEI General Assembly 2010. In this literature study I have studied the relationship between the concentrations of phenylbutazone in plasma and the effects on lameness. The purpose was to establish whether the limit of 8 µg/ml phenylbutazone in plasma affects the equestrian sport.

I förskrivningsprocessen förtydligas det ansvar som är förbundet med förskrivning av hjälpmedel. Ett viktigt delmoment i denna process är uppföljning och utvärdering. Genom uppföljning ges det möjlighet till reflektion över verkställda åtgärder och förhoppningsvis en utveckling av den arbetsterapeutiska kompetensen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilken uppfattning arbetsterapeuter i kommunal verksamhet hade kring uppföljning av förskrivna hjälpmedel och hur det faktiskt utfördes. Datainsamlingen skedde med hjälp av intervjuer utifrån egenkonstruerat intervjuinstrument och undersökningsgruppen bestod av 12 distriktsarbetsterapeuter.

Beröringsmetoder och massage har använts under tusentals år och i många olika kulturer för att uppnå lugn och ro. På senare år har intresset för beröringsmetoder i vård och omsorg ökat. Vid en funktionsnedsättning kan beröringen minska och då uppstå en beröringsbrist. Syftet med studien var att beskriva och belysa Taktil Stimulering och dess effekter på personer med utvecklingsstörning i daglig verksamhet ur arbetsterapeutens perspektiv. För att ta reda på fyra arbetsterapeuters upplevelser av taktil stimulering användes en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer.

Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga synskadades erfarenheter av kollektivt resande samt att ta reda på om eventuella brister i reskedjan gav konsekvenser på deras aktivitetstrepertoar.Sju personer med synskador, boende i Skåne och som använde kollektivtrafiken minst två gånger i månaden intervjuades utifrån en egenskapad intervjuguide. Resultatet visade på ett antal faktorer i reskedjan som deltagarna upplevde vara svåra, till exempel att ta del av information om en resa, uppfatta vilken buss som kommer till hållplatsen, veta var man skulle gå av samt att byta färdmedel. Vidare visade resultatet av studien på att deltagarnas aktivitetsrepertoar påverkades på så sätt att de fick svårare att utföra vissa aktiviteter, då framför allt aktiviteter i aktivitetskategorin fritidsaktiviteter..

Vaccinology is an ever expanding field. As a member of the veterinary staff it is important to stay up to date with the continuous new scientific data and recommendations that affect the care that our companion animals receive at the veterinary clinic. This paper presents adverse vaccination reactions, their cause, risk factors and suggestions how we can minimize the risk of adverse vaccine events in dogs. Dog owners in Sweden were allowed to answer a questionnaire about adverse events following vaccination. Lethargy, edema and pruritus were among the most frequently seen adverse effects.

Fibromyalgi karaktäriseras av utbredd, diffus värk i musklerna och ömhet vid beröring och tryck. Sjukdomen kan ha ett negativt inflytande på dagliga livets aktiviteter vilket kan leda till aktivitetsbegränsningar. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om kvinnor med diagnosen fibromyalgi upplever aktivitetsbegränsningar i vardagen. Syftet var också att beskriva vilka aktiviteter som begränsas, på vilket sätt de begränsas och vilka copingstrategier och praktiska lösningar som används. Metoden som användes var halvstrukturerade intervjuer som utfördes på fem kvinnor med fibromyalgi.