Through the lenses of religion?s role in society, the purpose of this thesis is to examine, the role of the Church of Sweden in providing support to people at the end of life. Questions asked are:  "What types of spiritual support is offered by the Church of Sweden during terminal care provided in patients' homes and how is this support expressed in church orders, assembly instructions, plans of operations and congregation letters?" and " How can the work of the Church of Sweden be understood, based on theories of religion's role in society? The method used is a content analysis of the Church Order, assembly instructions, plans of operations and congregation letters in 17 different congregations within the diocese of Lund. I then engage in a discussion with theories on differentiation and the privatization of religion as a means to interpret my results.

Bakgrund Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en snabbt ökande sjukdom i hela värl-den. Den påverkar människors välbefinnande och skapar ofta stort lidande för de drabbade. Det är en endokrin och kronisk sjukdom med påverkan på blodsockernivån. Långvarigt förhöjda blodsockernivåer kan leda till svåra följdsjukdomar som hjärt- kärlsjukdomar. Sjuksköterskan har en betydande roll i att för-medla kunskap genom ett holistiskt bemötande och att stärka pa-tienten genom ökad empowerment.

SAMMANFATTNING Jag har skrivit om en hovsjukdom som drabbar hästar, den engelska benämningen är White line disease. Det finns inget korrekt namn på svenska, men vi kallar det för lamellrandsröta. Den engelska benämningen är den mest använda. Sjukdomen kom in i Sverige i slutet av 1980-talet, man tror att det var via importerade travhästar från USA. När den i slutet av 1990-talet fick fart i Sverige började den också att bli ett problem. Ambitionen är att få en inblick i vad lamellrandsröta är och vad den samlade kunskapen är idag bland fackfolk och praktiker. Godtyckligt har jag valt ut och ringt runt och intervjuat ett antal personer som har stött på detta problem, hovslagare, veterinärer och hästägare. All fakta som inhämtats har jag sammanställt, men det finns fortfarande många frågetecken att reda ut. Ett bekymmer är att expertisen har så varierande kunskap och syn på sjukdomen. Idag vet man att det är anaeroba (syreskyende) organismer som orsakar rötan.

Background: The most common reason for veterinary care in horses is lameness. Lameness in riding horses is often difficult to evaluate and in many cases may require riding to come to a diagnosis. Evaluation of lameness has proven to be very subjective and depends on the examiner. There is a need to evaluate ridden horses in an objective way.

Essay in Political Science, C-level, by Camila Alvarez Cea, spring semester 2010. Tutor: Alf Sundin?Reality or a Political Mirage? ? A Study of the Swedish Press Views on the Health Insurance Reform in the USA? The purpose of this essay is partly to examine whether the picture that Swedish press presents of the health insurance reform in the US, which is part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Act bill, will be of crucial importance to the possibilities that the American population has to receive health insurance. The main research question is accordingly: ?Does the picture that Swedish press presents of the health insurance reform in the USA, seem like something that will be of radical importance to the possibilities of the population to receive healthcare?? The purpose is also to examine in which model (demand or market) the opinions of the Swedish press fits. This purpose will be answered by using three specific questions asking whether their opinions differ when it comes to three criterions: organization, financing/resources and delivery systems.

Summary                                                               Overweight and obesity in Sweden and in the rest of the industrialized world continues to increase. This results in increased costs both to society and the healthcare system. Part of this development is the increasing consumption of sugar and that is what should be restricted to tackle this growing social problem. Part of the increased consumption of sugar in Sweden was the launch of pick and mix ingrocery stores.  This study aims to examine how store managers look at their public health responsibilities, and investigate how managers of grocery stores think about health and health aspects in general and about the sugar consumption in particular. Semi-structured "face to face" interviews was used to collect data and seven grocery store managers participated in the study.

Training of zoo animals started when the first zoo opened in 1752. The difference between then and now is that from the beginning the zookeepers did not focus so much on animal welfare. Nowadays animal welfare is the most important thing in the training. Therefore, the zookeepers are training the animals mainly for veterinary purposes and activation. The training makes the animals less stresses during handling. When the zookeepers started to train elephants they used unpleasant stimuli such as a whip when the elephant did something wrong.

Titel: Patientmiljön på två somatiska vårdavdelningar i Bangkok, Thailand Bakgrund: Miljö ur ett hälsoperspektiv omfattar den fysiska, kulturella och psykosociala aspekten av omvårdnad. Miljön på en vårdavdelning kan både främja hälsa och ha en ogynnsam verkan. Omvårdnad är ett universellt fenomen men kulturen formar människans syn på hälsa och även hur hälsa kan uppnås. Sjukvården i Thailand präglas av buddhismen. Syfte: Beskriva miljön kring patienter på två somatiska vårdavdelningar i Bangkok.

The focus of this project was to characterize the occurrence of ESBL-­?producing bacteria in two irrigation water ponds in Southern Sweden. Samples were taken from two ponds nearby each other, from which analyses were made based on levels of community and individual isolates. Community samples were used for attempts for characterization of resistance patterns in irrigation water using the Omnilog PM-­?plate system. The growth of community microbiota in the presence of the following antibiotic substances was assessed; amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, penicillin G, ampicillin, piperacillin, trimethoprim, potassium tellurite and ciprofloxacin. Isolates were pure cultured using semi-­?selective media: LB, Rainbow Agar, mEnterococcus, 0.1 TSA and VRBD. A total of 177 isolates were isolated randomly. Each isolate was identified using the Omnilog GENIII-­?system of biochemical characterization. Further, the isolates were tested on Brilliance ESBL-­?agar for their ability to grow. Out of the total number of isolates, 30 were selected, preferably Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas spp., based on their high similarity to library strain during the identification in the Omnilog-­?system. These were further characterized using Etest-­?sticks. Three selected strains were picked for further analyses using exogenous isolation for attempts to simulate horizontal gene transfer, and Omnilog PM-­?panels containing various antibiotics of interest. Selections of samples were chosen for molecular tests targeting plasmid-­?borne resistance genes CTX-­?M1, CTX-­?M2 and SHV. The method for assessing community-­?resistance patterns showed ambiguous data that was difficult to interpret; further optimization is recommended. For all tested PM-­?plates, generally greatest differences between substances were found among wells with the strongest concentration of antibiotic substance. A total of 175 isolates displayed ability to grow on ESBL-­?agar. Etests confirmed ability of isolates to resist many ?-­?lactam antibiotics and many were clinically resistant to certain substances. No plasmids were transferred during exogenous isolation. During molecular tests, a few matches were found for the CTX-­?M1 gene. Isolates analyzed with Omnilog PM-­?plates showed resistance to most compounds tested. The isolates showed greatest resistance toward penicillin G, ampicillin, amikacin, kanamycin and trimethoprim. In the study, it was established that resistance among bacteria was frequently occurring in the irrigation water, and ?-­?lactamase producing bacteria was very common. Extended studies are needed to assess the frequency-­? and occurrence of horizontal gene transfer (HGF) in this environment. Although some potential corresponding data is found, it is at this point not possible to determine whether the resistances are due to antibiotics used in veterinary medicine, human medicine or one additional reason is travel and trade. in irrigation water using the Omnilog PM-­?plate system. The growth of community microbiota in the presence of the following antibiotic substances was assessed; amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, penicillin G, ampicillin, piperacillin, trimethoprim, potassium tellurite and ciprofloxacin. Isolates were pure cultured using semi-­?selective media: LB, Rainbow Agar, mEnterococcus, 0.1 TSA and VRBD. A total of 177 isolates were isolated randomly. Each isolate was identified using the Omnilog GENIII-­?system of biochemical characterization. Further, the isolates were tested on Brilliance ESBL-­?agar for their ability to grow. Out of the total number of isolates, 30 were selected, preferably Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas spp., based on their high similarity to library strain during the identification in the Omnilog-­?system. These were further characterized using Etest-­?sticks. Three selected strains were picked for further analyses using exogenous isolation for attempts to simulate horizontal gene transfer, and Omnilog PM-­?panels containing various antibiotics of interest. Selections of samples were chosen for molecular tests targeting plasmid-­?borne resistance genes CTX-­?M1, CTX-­?M2 and SHV. The method for assessing community-­?resistance patterns showed ambiguous data that was difficult to interpret; further optimization is recommended. For all tested PM-­?plates, generally greatest differences between substances were found among wells with the strongest concentration of antibiotic substance. A total of 175 isolates displayed ability to grow on ESBL-­?agar. Etests confirmed ability of isolates to resist many ?-­?lactam antibiotics and many were clinically resistant to certain substances. No plasmids were transferred during exogenous isolation. During molecular tests, a few matches were found for the CTX-­?M1 gene. Isolates analyzed with Omnilog PM-­?plates showed resistance to most compounds tested. The isolates showed greatest resistance toward penicillin G, ampicillin, amikacin, kanamycin and trimethoprim. In the study, it was established that resistance among bacteria was frequently occurring in the irrigation water, and ?-­?lactamase producing bacteria was very common. Extended studies are needed to assess the frequency-­? and occurrence of horizontal gene transfer (HGF) in this environment. Although some potential corresponding data is found, it is at this point not possible to determine whether the resistances are due to antibiotics used in veterinary medicine, human medicine or one additional reason is travel and trade..

SammanfattningDen blivande mamman möter många olika enheter i vårdkedjan och var och en av dessa enheter spelar stor roll för amningen. All vårdpersonal som på ett eller annat sätt arbetar med amning ska ha kunskap om WHO:s "Tio steg till lyckad amning" och arbeta efter denna amningsstrategi för att skapa gynnsamma förutsättningar för att kunna hjälpa, stödja och uppmuntra mamman vid amningen.Syfte: Att undersöka vårdpersonals inställning till amningsstödet de ger.Design/Metod: För att genomföra studien valdes en kvantitativ, deskriptiv och jämförande design som genomfördes i form av en tvärsnittsstudie. Mätningen utfördes med hjälp av webbenkäter innehållande frågor med fokus på inställningar till det amningsstöd man ger. De faktorer som mättes varfaciliterande, engagerande, följsam och amningsvänlig. Sammanlagt var det 81 personal som svarade på enkäten.Resultat: Resultatet visade att det fanns en signifikant skillnad mellan de respondenter som genomgått extra amningsutbildning utöver sin yrkesutbildning och de som inte hade gjort det.

Background: Overweight and obesity has become an increasing health issue around the world, which leads to an increase of cardiovascular diseases. The reason for this is a lack of physical activity in combination with an overconsumption of unhealthy food. In the primary healthcare is the ordination of physical activity on prescription offered as a treatment, which is an important health preventive action. When clients get physical activity on prescription they are given the opportunity to receive health counseling as a way to motivate a change in an unhealthy way of living.Objectives: This study aim to examine the experience of the health counseling of individuals with overweight related problems, in combination with the prescription of physical activity.Method: Qualitative interviews were chosen as method. Nine individuals participated in the study, seven females and two males, who had been to health counseling at Friskvården in Värmland.

Titel: Omvårdnadsmiljön på två somatiska vårdavdelningar i Bangkok, ThailandBakgrund: Miljö ur ett hälsoperspektiv omfattar den fysiska, kulturella och psykosociala aspekten av omvårdnad. Miljön på en vårdavdelning kan både främja hälsa och ha en ogynnsam verkan. Omvårdnad är ett universellt fenomen men kulturen formar människans syn på hälsa och även hur hälsa kan uppnås. Sjukvården i Thailand präglas av buddhismen. Syfte: Beskriva omvårdnadsmiljön kring patienter på två somatiska vårdavdelningar i Bangkok.

Bakgrund: Enligt patientsäkerhetslagen 2010:659 ska vårdgivare årligen skriva en patientsäkerhetsberättelse. Granskning av 76 patientsäkerhetsberättelser i Stockholms läns landsting (SLL) visade bristande kunskap om hur den skrivs och bristfällig förståelse för patientsäkerhet, främst bland mindre vårdgivare. Hälso- och sjukvårdsadministratörer kunde inte besvara vårdgivarnas frågor om patientsäkerhetsberättelsen, varför ett förbättringsprojekt initierades för att skapa stödmaterial samt nyttiggöra patientsäkerhetsberättelsen. Syfte: Att belysa hur ett statligt styrinitiativ hanterades i praktiken i SLL och vilka erfarenheter som kunde knytas till praktikprojektet i hälso-och sjukvårdsadministrationen, hos vårdgivare och i interaktionen dem emellan samt om insatserna bidrog till ökad förståelse för patientsäkerhet. Metod: Studien var en deskriptiv fallstudie. Datainsamlingen bestod av intervjuer med vårdgivare och hälso-och sjukvårdsadministratörer och dokumentanalys. Analyserna var kvalitativ och kvantitativ innehållsanalys.

Between 1965 and 1975 a major housing project was carried out in Sweden to resolve a major housing crisis, the so-called one million housing program (Swedish: miljonprogrammet). To raise the standards and create a more attractive housing in these areas is currently a very relevant topic in Sweden.Evidence-based design is the process of basing decisions of the built environment on credible research and studies to achieve the best possible outcome. This method is primarily used in the healthcare sector to improve quality of care and reduce costs by creating healthy environments.The possibility of refurbish apartment buildings from miljonprogrammet using evidence-based design has been studied by means of an extensive literature review and a closer examination of the residential area, Husby in Stockholm, which has been chosen to represent the miljonprogrammet in its entirety. Furthermore, the evidence-based research has been limited to seven fields; nature, noise, color, wayfinding, safe environment, daylight and thermal comfort which has been assessed to be applicable on housing. In order to obtain a comprehensive overview of the different fields, four different subjects were chosen to investigate further within each field; research and studies, laws and regulations, constructional aspect and Husby.

Asylsökande barn med uppgivenhetssymptom var i 2000-talets början ett relativt okänt tillstånd men ansågs ändå vara en unik svensk företeelse eftersom den snabba ökningen som skedde under denna period aldrig har påträffats i något annat land. Det finns ingen vedertagen klassificering av tillståndet och flera symptom inryms inom olika diagnoskriterier. Nationell forskning menar att tillståndet inte kan förklaras med någon bakomliggande somatisk sjukdom, och att föräldramanipulation av barnen inte kunnat påvisas utan att fenomenet kräver multifaktoriella förklaringsmodeller. Vidare bör behandlingsarbetet ta hänsyn till barnets unika bakgrund, symptom och familjesituation samt fokusera på föräldrastöd eftersom föräldrarna spelar en viktig roll för barnets psykiska mående. Syftet med studien är dels att belysa hur kunskapsläget kring asylsökande barn med uppgivenhetssymtom ser ut vid en BUP-mottagning i norra Sverige, dels undersöka hur dessa barn och familjer behandlas inom verksamheten.