This paper presents the results of a workplace study of two smaller companies in the design industry. The core issue has been to investigate the companies use of technical tools and to what extent social praxis influence the daily work. The methods used are based on a qualitative analysis of interviews and observations. Various kind of work procedures, such as verbal and computerized, have been identified, but the most important occurrence was how spontaneous conversations between employees required certain flexibility, since the actors repeatedly were required to change focus and quickly perceive different information. For that reason, a thesis has been defined regarding how the use of spontaneous communication put an indirect need of a flexible working environment and also how this lead to more significant participation and exchange of information, as well as more awareness at the companies..

Problemställningen i detta arbete är fokuserad på tal och text som presentationsform för verbal information. Problemområdet kopplas också till ett modernt, informationsteknologiskt sammanhang för att utröna presentationsformernas möjligheter och begränsningar inom WAP-tekniken.Arbetsminnets/korttidsminnets struktur och begränsningar påverkar effektiviteten av de presentationsformer som förmedlar verbal information. Flera teorier talar för att arbetsminnet är uppdelat i en auditiv och en visuell minnesprocess.En av hypoteserna i detta arbete går ut på att en kombination av tal och text som presentationsform skulle vara mer effektiv än enbart text eller enbart tal. En undersökning utfördes för att pröva hypotesen. Slutsatsen är att hypotesen saknar empiriskt stöd av detta arbete.

Bakgrund: Det finns två olika typer av kommunikation; verbal kommunikation och icke-verbal kommunikation. Den icke verbala-kommunikationen rör allt som inte har med ord att göra exempelvis kroppsspråk, beröring och ögonkontakt. Studier visar en brist på icke-verbal kommunikation i akuta vårdsituationer samt att patienter önskar mer icke-verbal kommunikation från vårdpersonalen. Det är även viktigt att vårdpersonal ser patienter som unika individer.Syfte: Syftet meddenna studie är att beskriva hur icke-verbal kommunikation mellan vårdpersonal och patient uttrycks i vården.Metod: Detta examensarbete är baserat på en litteraturstudie där relevant litteratur för syftet sökts i diverse databaser. Tio stycken artiklar valdes ut som alla berörde den icke-verbala kommunikationen mellan vårdpersonal och patient.Resultat: Tre teman kunde identifieras; Rädsla och osäkerhet hos vårdpersonal, Vårdpersonalens personliga förutsättningar och Beröring ? en balansgång mellan genuinitet och förtryck.

Aim: To describe perceptions about written and verbal information regarding diet and physical activity in women with breast cancer and to study possible differences between ages and perception. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and consisted of 57 women with breast cancer stages I-III who started adjuvant chemotherapy within a year (2007-2008). A questionnaire, regarding their perceptions about the written and verbal information they had received about diet and physical activity, was responded to three months following treatment completion. Between 67-93 % of the participants responded to the questions. The answers was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-test.

The aim of this study was to describe how body language of humans affects the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) and how it can be implanted in the stressed situation that occur at an animal hospital. The subject is brought to notice because the author has experienced that dogs can get more stressed when a stressed and nervous owner is attending. Humans affect each other through posture, facial expression, voice and movement, and are often driven by their emotions, which can differentiate the verbal communication from the non-verbal communication. This occurs both consciously and unconsciously. Every human uses body language but not everyone knows how it is used or how to understand it.

The aim with this thesis is to investigate how librarians experience communication with children in reference interviews. In today?s interactive community it is meaningful to study how children communicate with the librarian in virtual reference interview as well as in ordinary reference interviews in physical libraries. Focus has been on finding out what children ask about and how they are asking in virtual reference interviews and in ordinary reference interviews, what type of information needs the children have. The study also focuses on which barriers there can be in reference interviews.

The aim and research questions of this study are concerned about how, and what kind of, problems and subjects that citizens raise during verbal interaction with politicians and officials in the field of participatory democracy. The theoretical framework of the study dominates by theories with a positive approach towards participatory democracy, but there is also a broader discussion on the phenomenon?s strengths and weaknesses.The case in focus of the study is a specific phenomenon of participatory democracy created by the municipality of Växjö. The empirical material that is analysed is consisted of written text based on the verbal interaction from these meetings between citizens and politicians/officials.The outcome of the study shows that most of the verbal interaction was held between citizens and politicians/officials in a vertical direction and that a major part of the responsibility concerning the raised subjects is estimated to be in the hands of the latter part. In the light of under what circumstances the meetings are practised, the democratic and collective minded performance of the citizens is argued to be in good condition, despite the dominating vertical interaction and estimation of trust..

This study describes how verbal abuse is used in schools and how it affects students. As a  result of the study is a questionnaire which was distributed to 153 students at two schools in a small town in southern Sweden. Students who participated in the study were in grades 3-6 and were between 9 and 13 years old. I asked students 13 questions, which dealt with verbal abuse, some of them were check questions and some were issues that required a longer response.The results of the survey show that 108 students of 153 have ever felt verbally abused at school, slightly more girls than boys. Usually they say they have been verbally abused by their own sex and then with words like boys are more frequently offended by words of a sexual nature, whereas girls more often are offended by words that violate their appearance.The students who feel aggrieved are shown to be those students who violate others.

Bakgrund: Tidigare studier har visat på betydelsen av kommunikation, både verbal och icke-verbal, i mötet med den lidande patienten. En mellanmänsklig relation bygger på ett möte mellan människor som inte är fast i sina roller, som sjuksköterska och patient. Det är bara genom mötet sjuksköterskan kan få tillgång till patientens egentliga lidande, detta är nödvändigt för att kunna vårda, ge tröst och stöd. Syfte: Beskriva vilket stöd den lidande människan/patienten på sjukhus önskar av sjuksköterskan. Metod: Metoden som använts är en litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats, innehållsanalysen har gjorts med hjälp av Graneheim och Lundman (2004).

Syftet med denna studie var att studera hur yrkesverksamma lärare i förskolan, och lärare i skolans tidigare år, resonerar kring och uppfattar kreativt arbete kopplat till verbal språkutveckling. För att nå detta syfte gavs enkätintervjuer ut till tio stycken lärare i vardera av dessa två yrkesgrupper. När dessa sammanfattats gjordes en jämförelse med bakgrunden för att se hur lärarnas uppfattningar relaterades till tidigare forskning i ämnet. Resultatet visade att de flesta lärarna arbetar medvetet med kreativitet och verbal språkutveckling kopplat till varandra och att de hade flera idéer om hur man arbetar på detta vis. Slutsatser vi dragit utifrån detta är att lärare är medvetna om hur kreativitet kan användas för att stödja språkutvecklingen och att de försöker arbeta på så vis..

 AbstractBackground: Among elderly people with dementia pain is a common problem. In older persons, particularly those suffering from dementia and cognitive impairment pain is often underdiagnosed and undertreated causing unnecessary pain, suffering and affect quality of life negatively. Dementia complicates the identification of pain when the natural ability to communicate decreases when a person is suffering from dementia. It is important that health professionals working with older persons with dementia are aware of the person?s pain expression.Aim: To clarify how older persons with dementia communicate pain expression.Method: To study this area a literature review was used.

Aim: To describe perceptions about written and verbal information regarding diet and physical activity in women with breast cancer and to study possible differences between ages and perception. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and consisted of 57 women with breast cancer stages I-III who started adjuvant chemotherapy within a year (2007-2008). A questionnaire, regarding their perceptions about the written and verbal information they had received about diet and physical activity, was responded to three months following treatment completion. Between 67-93 % of the participants responded to the questions. The answers was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-test.

The purpose of this study is to investigate differences of how the Swedishemployees union ?Unionen? communicates with its members, on one hand thosewho are members of local union clubs and on the other non-club members. Thenumber of non-club members has increased due to labour market changes implyingthat workplaces have been fragmented and hence affect the possibility to form localunion clubs.The questions posed in the study are: How does Unionen communicate with itsmembers? How does the communication differ between club members and non-clubmembers? What are the preferences of Unionen´s members as far as communicationwith the central organization? What kind of information do the members seek andhow do they find it? What values does Unionen represent? Are there differencesbetween the messages that Unionen is sends out and how members and non-clubmembers, respectively, perceive them?A case study method has been used applying both quantitative and qualitativeanalyses. Quantitative methods have been used in illustrating the number ofdiscussion subjects at Unionen´s website, the members needs for receivingcommunication and channel usage while qualitative methodologies have been usedin interviews with Unionen´s members, club chairmen and union representatives aswell as semiotic picture analyses and analyses based on methods of Uses andgratifications theory.One conclusion of the study is that two significant differences of communicationhave been found between members and non-club members.

Bakgrund: Tidigare studier har visat på betydelsen av kommunikation, både verbal och icke-verbal, i mötet med den lidande patienten. En mellanmänsklig relation bygger på ett möte mellan människor som inte är fast i sina roller, som sjuksköterska och patient. Det är bara genom mötet sjuksköterskan kan få tillgång till patientens egentliga lidande, detta är nödvändigt för att kunna vårda, ge tröst och stöd. Syfte: Beskriva vilket stöd den lidande människan/patienten på sjukhus önskar av sjuksköterskan. Metod: Metoden som använts är en litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats, innehållsanalysen har gjorts med hjälp av Graneheim och Lundman (2004). Resultat: I resultatet framkom sju olika kategorier, ge det lilla extra, vara medmänniska, se mina behov när jag inte orkar, ge information som jag förstår, vara rädd om mitt förtroende, våga dela mitt lidande och lätta upp med humor..

Bakgrund: Årligen drabbas 12000 individer av afasi i Sverige. Det är ett stort samhällsproblem. Sannolikheten att som sjuksköterska stöta på dessa individer är därmed stor. Sjuksköterskor är i behov av mer kunskap om de kommunikationsmöjligheter som finns för att kunna främja hälsa hos individer med afasi. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa vilka möjligheter individer med afasi har till kommunikation.