The purpose of the study is to investigate the possible effects of an unstable Ventilation system and its influence on energy use and thermal comfort. The report also explores how qualified personal working with HVAC view and handles system control.In order to meet the requirements in energy efficiency and a comfortable indoor climate control regulation is a prerequisite. With optimized increased complexity of the climate systems, it becomes more challenging to control the system and the risk of unstable control increases. No previous studies about what affect an unstable system can have on energy use and thermal comfort have been found.The report is based on several tests were the controlling variable has been increased until the system becomes unstable. Two different types of unstable systems have been investigated.

Bakgrund. Enligt den nya kompetensbeskrivningen för anestesisjuksköterskor framgår bland annat att anestesisjuksköterskan ska ha kompetens att övervaka och följa upp ventilation och cirkulation hos sina patienter. Det har länge varit vanligt att använda volymkontrollerad ventilation (VCV) till patienter som genomgår bukkirurgi. Nu finns det ett annat alternativ, tryckkontrollerad ventilation (PCV). Det är ett omdiskuterat ämne huruvida det mer traditionella VCV eller det senare PCV ska tillämpas på patienter som genomgår bukkirurgi.

The main purpose of this project was to make a survey of the steam and electricity consumption at Akzo Nobel Functional Chemistry AB and give suggestions of how to minimize them. These three different areas were focused on. First to make a survey of all the most important consumers, second to find the electricity consumption of the air compressors and the amount of waste heat produced from them. The third area was to calculate a model of how much fresh water that is used during a cooling sequence in the water based heating/cooling system of the reactors and give a suggestion of a suitable reuse for this water.The main result is a total survey of the energy consumption in steam and electricity. The survey shows that the second largest group after drying is heating of ventilation which gives big potentials of reducing the total steam consumption if there is a way of being self supporting in ventilation heat.

Energy efficiency is important both to reduce costs and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. Reducing costs will also help maintain business competitiveness.Scania in Södertälje is a company where the optimization of energy use is an ongoing and continual process. One area with potential to make energy and cost savings is the effectiveness of the Ventilation systems in offices and industrial premises at Scania. During the summer months an increased demand for cooling occurs, leading to increased ventilation and a peak in district cooling system usage. Sorptive cooling is a technology where the supplied air is cooled by applying external heat.

This study was done regarding whether sealing or ventilation is the best solution to prevent moisture on cold attics. The authors of this report addressed the problem with moisture in attics when they started their cooperation with Peab.The methods included interviews with people, database research, and calculations of a project in Akersberga north of Stockholm. The conclusion is based on interviews and other information as they are analyzed in relation to the house of reference. The focus of this report is on problems with moisture in the attics known as cold attics.The background of the problem with moisture is that today?s slabs are usually insulated to save energy and that the attics nearly gives the climate as the outdoor climate.

Energianva?ndningen i Sverige och va?rlden fo?rva?ntas o?ka och bostads- och servicesektorn sta?r fo?r 40 % av va?rldens totala energibehov. Det a?r viktigt att energieffektivisera redan befintliga byggnader och optimera dess system da? en la?gre energianva?ndning gynnar ba?de miljo?n och ekonomin. En byggnads ventilationssystem sta?r fo?r en stor del av en fastighets energianva?ndning och det finns ofta stor potential fo?r systemet att optimeras och effektiviseras.En fastighetsa?gare vill inte ha fastigheter som sta?r outhyrda.

This study was done regarding whether sealing or ventilation is the best solution to prevent moisture on cold attics. The authors of this report addressed the problem with moisture in attics when they started their cooperation with Peab.The methods included interviews with people, database research, and calculations of a project in Akersberga north of Stockholm. The conclusion is based on interviews and other information as they are analyzed in relation to the house of reference. The focus of this report is on problems with moisture in the attics known as cold attics.The background of the problem with moisture is that today?s slabs are usually insulated to save energy and that the attics nearly gives the climate as the outdoor climate.

Passive houses are a relatively new concept in Sweden and by that it is meant a house without a traditional heating system. The most acknowledged passive house project is the terrace houses in Lindås, Gothenburg, which we have used as a reference. This project concerns a square apartment block. So far, no square apartment block has been built as a passive house in Sweden.The common opinion in the construction industry is that it is not economical to build extremely energy efficient houses. With Peab as commissioner our task was to investigate if that is true, if regarding the construction of a multi storey house as a passive houseMidroc, now owned by Peab, constructed in the block of Preussen in Jönköping during 2004-2005 four houses, with 132 apartments distributed on seven floors.

Uppsalahem AB is a municipally owned real estate concern that owns and administrates housing for nearly 30 000 people. The company puts a lot of effort into reducing the energy use of their housing stock. This project is a master?s thesis in the energy systems programme at Uppsala University, carried out in collaboration with Uppsalahem. The aim of this thesis is to provide energy saving measures for fourteen student housing buildings in Uppsala, Sweden.

Ofri luftväg kan uppstå på grund av bakåtfallen tunga hos den medvetslösa patienten eller om luftvägen blir tilltäppt av sekret, blod, maginnehåll eller främmande kropp. Att kunna säkerställa fri luftväg hos den medvetandesänkta patienten är en kompetens som varje anestesisjuksköterska måste behärska för att kunna säkerställa adekvat ventilation. Syftet med studien var att beskriva om larynxmask (LMA) är en patientsäker metod för att skapa fri luftväg och upprätthålla adekvat ventilation. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 19 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades. Resultatet av de granskade artiklarna gav följande fem teman; LMA är en säker metod för att skapa fri luftväg, LMA är en säker metod för att upprätthålla adekvat ventilation, personalens kompetens vid användning av LMA, aspirationsrisk vid användning av LMA med undertema LMA vid övervikt samt LMA vid elektiva- och akuta situationer.

Den traditionella båsladugården har idag utvecklats till lösdriftstallar där korna har fri tillgång till foder och liggplatser. Korna mjölkas i antingen mjölkgrop, karusell eller av en robot. För att uppnå bra termisk komfort i lösdriftsstallen så använder man sig av naturlig eller mekanisk ventilation. I detta arbete så undersöks några olika ventilationssystem som använder sig av naturlig ventilation på fem utvalda kostall för att se hur de fungerar i praktiken. Detta görs med fukt- och temperaturmätare och med rökpatroner för att se hur luften rör sig i stallet.

Today, about 15 to 20 percent of Sweden?s total emission of carbon dioxide can be traced to the household sector. By examining apartment blocks in a life cycle perspective, the origin of the carbon dioxide emission has been charted and analyzed. This information has been used to create a computational model that calculates the total emission of carbon dioxide from a specific apartment block. The results from the analyzed apartment blocks indicate that both the use of energy and the emission of carbon dioxide have been reduced since the 1960s. Through the examination of building materials, it is possible to lower the emission of carbon dioxide that origins from the construction phase of an apartment block.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the use and losses of energy in an existing older building. Another purpose was also to look through various options for heating systems with renewable energy in the building. The aim was to reduce the use and losses of energy. The first step was to study the related electricity bills of the building and also perform measurements and calculations of the building envelope and ventilation. The next step was to find out the possible actions for energy saving by performing measurements and calculations.

In this Thesis the possibilities of designing a larger building that is very energy efficient in the sense that it would not need a conventional heating system are discussed. Solar radiation transmitted through the windows, internal heat from occupants, lamps and electric appliances inside the building and heat recovered from the Ventilation system then have to be sufficient for the heating of the building. This study is of general interest since the property company, Akademiska Hus, plans to use this study as a first step in determining if this technique could be used in the future and thus be worth further investments. A building without a conventional heating system of the size investigated in this project has not yet been built.The energy needed for the heating of the building was simulated using VIP+.The conclusions from the study are that it is possible to build large buildings without any conventional heating system. This could be achieved in many different ways, for example by lowering the inside temperature or by using better windows and heat recovery system with higher efficiency.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe intensive care nurses? experiences communicating with patients during mechanical ventilation.Methods/design: A qualitative interview study. Interviews where analyzed using descriptive content analysisSetting: Nine intensive care nurses from two different intensive care units were interviewed using a semi structured interview guide.Background: Past research has shown that patients during mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, feel very vulnerable and the helplessness of being unable to speak. These patients feels that they are completely dependent on the nurses and their competence. It has been shown to be very important that the patient feels included, acknowledged and respected.Results: The analyzed data resulted in a theme; through communication strive to preserve patients´ dignity and three main categories; create relationship to the patient, minimize patients´ vulnerability and don´t give up.