The purpose of this essay is to study the impact of different factors on corporate capital structure. The factors studied in relation to corporate debt ratio are industry affiliation, size and profitability. The study involves all 252 companies quoted on the Stockholm stock exchange and cover a time period from 2007 to 2011. The result shows that branch affiliation has a significant impact on corporate debt ratios. Regarding size and profitability, however, these factors do not have an evident impact on corporate debt ratios..

In a city sometimes conflicts arise between either to save the species-rich vacant lots where many species thrive, or to build new buildings. Green roofs can then serve as a refuge for plants and animals that have had their natural habitat destroyed or diminished. Today we know too little about green roofs contribution to the biodiversity in the cities. We also know very little about how various types of vegetation on roof can increase biodiversity and its ability to attract different species.The aim with this study was to examine how different types of vegetation on the roofs affect the biodiversity of the invertebrate and how species-composition and number of individuals differ between the roof- and groundlevel.This study has been carried out on Augustenborg Botanical Roof Gardens in Malmo, and in an area about 1.5 kilometers away from Augustenborg. Three different types of vegetation on the roof and ground floor were selected: sedum- ruderal and grass.

Gröna tak har använts genom alla tider, men det är främst på senare år som en säker teknik i allt högre grad har bidragit till ett ökat intresse för användningen av gröna tak, i kombination med att man i allt större utsträckning har börjat förstå de positiva effekter som vegetationen har för stadens klimat och miljö. Gröna tak har i allt högre grad börjat användas för att lösa tekniska problem så som att förbättra stadsklimatet och minska dagvattenavrinning. Men i utvecklingen, som främst drivs av en önskan och behov att lösa tekniska problem i staden, finns en risk att perspektivet för människan ? upplevelsevärdet ? kommer i skymundan. Detta kan märkas genom den stora mängd forskning som ur ett tekniskt, ekologiskt och miljömässigt perspektiv direkt är gjord för gröna tak. Argumenten gällande de gröna takens värde för människan ur ett upplevelseperspektiv grundas däremot främst från slutsatser dragna från andra typer av gröna miljöer, men lite information och forskning finns knuten till upplevelsen specifik för gröna tak.

Hittills finns det ytterst lite undersökt och skrivet om färgupplevelse av vegetation. För att få ytterliggare kunskaper som utvecklar färgförståelsen vid gestaltning av miljöer där vedartad vegetation är ett viktigt inslag, behövs en grundligare undersökning av vegetationens upplevelsevärden inklusive färgen på olika avstånd och under skilda årstider. Artikeln behandlar individers upplevelse av vegetationsburen färg och är en undersökning av upplevd färgperception i skogsbestånd. Huvudfrågorna som behandlas är: Vad händer med vår färgperception samt vårt känsloliv när ett vegetationssystem betraktas och hur mycket påverkar avståndet till objektet vår upplevelse? Dessutom berörs hur människan påverkas av den färgförändring som sker med årstidsväxlingarna samt den roll artsammansättningen spelar för färgupplevelsen.Undersökningen bestod av fyra delmoment.

In the last few years the environment becomes more watchful, even for us farmers. All agricultural enterprises that exceed 200 animal units must be tested according to regulation of environment. A farm business with 200 animal units and more is classed ?environmentally hazardous activities? and has to make an environmental impact assessment for the business you have today, and the activity after expansion. Before you can construct a building and expand the numbers of animals is a lot of applications to make. I have in this project restricted me to establish a environmental impact assessment and a consultation foundation. To make a environmental impact assessment is the big part of the application. The environmental impact assessment take a lot of time and you need skills for all the rules in the environmental code to be abele to make an environmental impact assessment approved. The environment codes purposes (1 kap 1 § Miljöbalken) is to rule the laws. The purpose of the environment code is to promote sustainable development which will assure a healthy and sound environment for present and future generations. Definitions of a ?environmentally hazardous activities? 9 kap 1§ Miljöbalken) shall mean the discharges of wastewater, solid matter or gas from land, buildings or structures onto land or into water areas or ground water.

Understory vegetation and fungi are regarded as important ecological drivers of processes like productivity and nutrient cycling in boreal forests. Whilst those processes are linked to soil water content, relatively little is known about the sources of soil water for these forest components. During early autumn in boreal forests, temperature falls and large events of rain are frequent which may influence soil water availability. To better understand the autumn plant-soil-fungi water relationships in this ecosystem, I used stable isotopes techniques in this study to examine the water sources for ericaceous shrubs and fungi in a Scots pine forest following a large, early autumn rain event. I hypothesize that ericaceous shrubs of two functional groups (evergreen vs.

Dagens spel kräver hela tiden mer resurser i en konstant växande och mer detaljerad spelvärld. Det är därför intressant att titta på alternativ till att designers manuellt placerar ut innehåll i en värld. Problemet som tas upp är om det är möjligt att kombinera generering av procedurellt innehåll i form av en skog med att låta en användare kunna påverka denna generering. Problemet delas upp i två delar där en utveckling av en arkitektur sker genom att utvärdera existerande skogsmodeller och sedan implementera arkitekturen. Slutligen sker en utvärdering av modellen genom att analysera ett antal scenarier.

Abstract The accident in 1986 at the nuclear power station in Chernobyl, Ukraine, dispersed radioactive cesium over large areas of Europe. The half life of 137Cs is 30 years and this radionuclide also behaves like potassium, which means that it can easily be taken up by the vegetation or be adsorbed in to the structure of clays, principally illitic clays. When radiocesium decays ionizing radiation is emitted, which is harmful to humans that are exposed, either directly or indirectly through food intake. It is there-fore important to know what happens to the cesium that is dispersed into the environ-ment. In this project a simulation model was constructed to simulate the adsorption and transport of radiocesium in the soil and plant uptake.

Uppsatsen fokuserar på beskrivningen av idén om gröna ramverk dvs. att vegetation används som styrverktyg i en exploateringsprocess. Fokus ligger på den idémässiga beskrivningen och inte det gröna ramverkets fysiska form. Beskrivningen sker delvis genom studier av projekt i Bordeaux, Frankrike där man medvetet använt sig av gröna ramverk för att ge struktur till exploateringsområden. Jag har gjort platsbesök i Bordeaux, intervjuat ansvarig landskapsarkitekt Michel Desvigne, läst litteratur som Desvigne skrivit i ämnet samt kommunala dokument från Bordeaux. Användandet av ett grönt ramverk i Bordeaux var långt ifrån självklart vilket belyses i uppsatsen genom en redogörelse av utvecklingen och förhållningsätten till stadsbyggnadsstrategier i en postindustriell kontext i Bordeaux. Jag tolkar även möjligheterna för ett grönt ramverk i Malmö genom att studera stadens stadsbyggnadsstrategier.

Analyses of pollen and charcoal in peat cores, together with age-structure data of Pinus sylvestris from a Ledum-Pinus-mire in the Tyresta National Park (south-east Sweden) show the regional vegetation succession and fire history over the last 9000 years. Five major stages of mire development are identified: 1. Lake (c 7000-6400 cal BC); 2. Wet fen (c 6400-6000 cal BC); 3. Deciduous fen (c 6000 cal BC to c cal AD 700); 4.

This is a thesis about design of young stands of trees. A big source of inspiration has been Västerskog and Tor Nitzelius Park in Alnarp which both consists of a structure of squares. I wanted to examine if this type of planting could be valuable from an aesthetic and recreational point of view. One problem today is that many people believe that we have to wait for decades for a planting to grow up so that we can enjoy the ?ready result?.

Natriumklorid sprids i ca. 20 skidbackar inom A?res skidsystem. Natriumklorid sa?nker vattens fryspunkt och go?r att sno?n kan ha?llas ha?rd under ta?vlingar, vilket ger de ta?vlande sa? lika fo?rutsa?ttningar som mo?jligt.

This thesis is studying Stråk* in an urban contexts. Thiswill be achieved through a study of Rosengårdsstråket inMalmö based on the question "What is a Stråk?".Malmö has experienced a major change in the last 15years. From being an industrial city with economic problems,Malmö is now part of the dynamic Öresund Region,and a knowledge city with great optimism. New parts ofthe city is about to grow up that reinforces the image ofMalmö's new identity.The next step in Malmö's development is to make thecity even denser and interconnect the inner city and thesuburbs to create a more sustainable city.

Change is a recurring element in society and for sports clubs. When there is a change in society, this change may have an impact and change the condition for sports clubs and its leaders. Changes can be degraded into trends. This study has been delimited to study four social trends that research shows may have an impact on sports club, which are; Increased commercialization, changing demographics, changing communication patterns and increased individualization. To help sports clubs in their development it is of value to find out how these changes are perceived.

This thesis aims to illustrate how environmental impact can be reduced, through the use of lean concrete. It also illustrates how environmental data can be applied to a house through implementation with BIM. In this study a unique concrete structure developed by Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute is assessed for environmental impact, by calculating the carbon dioxide equivalents using LCA methodology. The construction is a sandwich element where the concrete is made ??up of three layers.