Mastitis in dairy cows is an emerging and challenging disease in the tropics, including India. Nation-wide reports suggest that the incidence of clinical mastitis varies from 3.94% to 23.25%, and for subclinical mastitis from 15.78% to 81.60%. In Assam, a northeastern province of India, dairy is an essential part of the mixed farming system that exists in the state, but the milk yield is far below domestic standards. In 2009-2010, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and local associates started to develop a training program for local farmers in Assam, in order to enhance the informal bovine dairy sector in and around Guwahati, India. The project continued until mid-2013.

Several factors affect the heifer´s growth and development, the newborn calf´s feeding of co-lostrum during its first hours of life is one important factor. The colostrum contains higher amount of immunoglobulins and insulin growth factors compared to matured milk. A high intake of immunoglobulins from colostrum results in a high blood concentration of immuno-globulins until the age of eight months. This leads to a lower incidence of diseases that can affect the growth and development negatively. Diarrhea is the most common disease in calves younger than 30 days.

I Sverige finns en hög frekvens av rotfyllda tänder med apikal parodontit och en praxis för behandling saknas. Denna studie syftar till att röntgenologiskt kartlägga progressionen av apikal parodontit vid rotfyllda tänder som ej blivit föremål för ytterligare endodontisk eller kirurgisk behandling och att identifiera variabler som påverkar progressionen för att ge ett bättre underlag för behandlingsbeslut. Röntgenbilder på rotfyllda tänder med apikal parodontit som lämnats utan åtgärd (n = 120) granskades avseende förändringen av den apikala parodontiten under minst en 3-års period under åren 2002-2011. Progression av den apikala parodontiten observerades i 22,5% av de studerade tänderna, trots att man sannolikt tidigare bedömt att den apika parodontiten inte behövde behandling eller att man kunde avvakta med behandling. Ingen av de studerade variablerna: den ursprungliga apikala parodontitens storlek, rotfyllningens längd, rotfyllningens täthet, typ av koronal restaurering eller den koronala restaureringens täthet befanns ha något samband med den apikal parodontitens progression.

Acute bacterial prostatitis is a common disease in older male dogs. It gives symptoms such as fever, pain, tiredness, infertility, unwillingness to mate and sometimes symptoms from the urinary tract. It is common that you do an ultrasound exam on dogs when you suspect prostatic changes. In this study 15 dogs diagnosed with acute prostatitis at the small animal clinic at SLU in Uppsala were examined. The clinical signs and the ultrasound pictures were put together in retrospect.

Exoner är de sekvenser i DNA vilka rymmer koden för proteiner i människan och i alla andra organismer. Intronerna, vilka utgör utrymmet mellan exoner, består av ickekodande sekvenser och kontrollelement. Exoner tillhörande en gen måste inte alltid inkluderas i den slutliga mRNA produkten, alternativ splicing tillåter exkludering av vissa sekvenser och gör att en gen kan ha mer än en mRNA produkt, därigenom kan en gen koda för flera olika proteiner. Alternativ splicing är ett fält som snabbt utvecklas och dess relevans för många sjukdomar har blivit uppenbar. Detta arbete går igenom ett flertal av dessa sjukdomar för att sammanställa ny forskning och tydliggöra rollen av alternativ splicing i dem.

Alzheimers sjukdom är mycket vanligt förekommande sett ur både ett internationellt och nationellt perspektiv. Ungefär 90 000 personer har diagnosen Alzheimers i Sverige. För att sjuksköterskan ska kunna ge god och adekvat vård behöver patientens upplevelse av sjukdomen uppmärksammas. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa patientens upplevelse av första fasen vid Alzheimers sjukdom. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt där tolv vetenskapliga artiklar bearbetades och analyserades för att sedan utgöra resultatet.

Bakgrunden till studien bygger på ett samarbete mellan sjukgymnastprogrammet på Mälardalens högskola och ett sjukhus i Sörmlands läns landsting. Syftet var att utvärdera om behandling bestående av fyra veckors KOL-skola haft effekt på patienternas hälsa, välbefinnande och fysiska kapacitet. KOL-skolan bestod utav fyra tillfällen under vilka olika vårdprofessioner gav patienterna information om bl.a. symptompåverkan, känslomässiga upplevelser och vikten av fysisk aktivitet. Det var tio patienter med kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) i stadium två till fyra som deltog i interventionen.

The Swine flu (H1N1) erupted in 2009 and wasquickly spread over the world and developed into a pandemic, with a great threat against people?s health. It was soon discovered that the H1N1?virus had a different character than the seasonal flu, since it especially affected younger individuals and the consequences from the disease were expected to be more severe. In Sweden it was decided to provide a free of charge vaccination against the H1N1-virus, and the Swedish vaccination ratiobecome relatively high compared to other countries.

Background: Ovarian cancer affects many women worldwide. Tumors that grow in the genitalia and pelvis have because of its placement a large threat to the sexual ability. Treatment for ovarian cancer may lead to the sexual possibilities inhibited. Sexual health is a state of physical, mental, emotional and social well-being related to sexuality. Sexual health can be experienced in spite of disease, dysfunction or infirmity.

Actinomycosis is a rare, deep-seated infection of the jaw of cattle that include the progressive enlargement of bone structures. It is caused by Actinomyces bovis, a gram-positive rod found as a normal commensal of the alimentary canal in otherwise healthy animals. This paper shortly describes Actinomyces bovis and its ability to cause "lumpy jaw" or actinomycosis in cattle. It will describe its pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and some clinical presentations. The incidence of symptomatic actinomycosis infection is quite low in Sweden today.

This bachelor?s thesis examines costs of welfare services in municipalities of the region of Västra Götaland in Sweden. Previous research provided reasons to expect a link between costs of welfare services and demographic changes. Furthermore, Willam J. Baumol?s theory about ?the cost disease? also provided reasons to expect a link between welfare services and salary levels.

AIDS is a huge problem in the world and it is spreading rapidly, especially in Africa. Botswana is one of the worlds worst-hit countries, with over one-third of the inhabitants infected by HIV/AIDS. The measures that have been taken to stop the spread of AIDS are to inform and enlighten people on how the disease is spread and how to protect oneself. The aim of this thesis is to investigate what different ways of informing people about AIDS different organisations make use of in Botswana. The thesis also addresses how some receivers of the AIDS information experience it.

Att vara anhörigvårdare till en person med Alzheimers sjukdom innebär förändringar inom familjen som kan vara svåra att hantera. Sjuksköterskan kan hjälpa anhörigvårdaren att lättare hantera rollen som vårdare genom att ge adekvat information och stöd. Syftet var att undersöka behovet av stöd och information hos anhörigvårdare till personer med Alzheimers sjukdom. Metoden var en litteraturstudie där fyra kvalitativa samt tio kvantitativa artiklar sammanställdes till ett resultat. Resultatet visade på ett stort behov av information och stöd under hela sjukdomsprocessen.

Rhodesian ridgeback is a dog breed that originates from southern Africa. The characteristic ridge (a dorsal ridge where the hair grows in the opposite direction to the general coat) is shared with an Asian breed, Thai ridgeback. The origin and inheritance of the ridge has been examined and defined. The ridge-mutation is a duplication that contains four complete genes, FGF3, FGF4, FGF19 and ORAOV1 and the 3´-end of CCND1. The ridge is inherited as an autosomal, dominant trait and predisposes for Dermoid sinus (DS), a disease that develops during embryogenesis.

Background: When a child is diagnosed with food allergy with risk of anaphylaxis, it affects the whole family. The child must learn to live with a chronicle disease and learn the importance of avoiding the specific allergens that may cause a life-threatening condition. The parents must adapt to a way of life with limitations in the everyday life as well as a constant concern for the child. They must learn to handle an auto-injector and to recognize symptoms of a coming anaphylaxis. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe parent?s experiences of living with children who has foodallergy with special focus on anaphylaxis.