ur society is today in a phase of development in environmental and sustainable thinking. Alarming reports show changes in climate caused by our load and exhaust of resources. The energy usage contributes to a big part of it, by its emission of carbon dioxide. The built environment uses around 40 % of the total energy consumption in Sweden and requests to strongly reduce it are presented from both EU and national level.This thesis brings up the subject of green building with a focus on how we can create more energy efficient buildings in projects of new construction. Since the construction industry today often fails to pass on the knowledge between different projects, as a return of experiences, the construction company Skanska suggested the topic for this thesis.

This study is based on motivation theory, communication theory and knowledge about change management and workshop arrangement. The aim of the study is to develop a communication strategy which increases motivation for sustainability work in municipalities.Main focus of this report is to (1) determine whether motivation theory is applicable on a municipality?s sustainability work, in order to gain a willingness to change and (2) decide if workshops are suitable platforms for communication with municipalities. The opinion that global, complex problems require local solutions is a starting point for this study. The role of municipalities is claimed to be of great importance and is furthermore suggested to undergo a change in order to meet the current demands.

The aim of this study has been to make clear the conception of ?The Garden City?, and also to investigate why and how the garden city has come to be a more frequent and attractive form of settlement in our Swedish community. The essay is supported by a literature study about the garden city from its beginning (1890?s) to present time. To make a distinct explanation of the garden cities progress over time, I have studied the idea behind two garden cities of today, Tullinge and Vistabergs garden city.

This paper analyzes the Swedish labor market during the interwar and early postwar period within the framework of modern labor market theory. The development of unemployment during this period - according to the commonly cited source of labor union reports - represents a conundrum for research. The unemployment rate rose after the initial diverse shock of 1921 and stayed at a permanently higher level for the rest of the interwar period. This development was reversed after World War Two when the unemployment rate decreased and stayed permanently low for the rest of the postwar period until the oil price chock of the 1970s.In a first step the available sources of unemployment statistics is investigated and compared. The general conclusion is that the labor union reports overestimate the level of economy wide unemployment while being a reasonably good indicator of movements in the rate.

Fuel wood is currently the third largest assortment from the forest in Sweden after pulpwood and lumber. Branches and tops i.e. logging residues are one of the assortments of fuel wood which is a common by-product after harvesting nowadays. The way to utilize, disintegrate and transport the logging residues varies between northern and southern Sweden. Branches and tops are collected throughout the year at appropriate stands, but are consumed mainly wintertime.

Latvia has been an independent state twice, the first time during the years 1918-1940 and the second time from the year 1991 and ahead. During these two periods Latvia has been a destination for tourists. The aim of this study is to describe how Latvia as a destination has developed during the years of independence. One further aim is to compare what Latvia?s tourism industry looked like during the same periods to descry similarities and differences.

              Sammanfattning Pedagogers möte med elever i matematiksvårigheter En intervjustudie om hur pedagoger tänker och arbetar när de möter elever i matematiksvårigheter samt dessa elevers uppfattningar om undervisningen och lärandet i matematik. Jeanette Ekberg och Rose-Marie Israelsson, VT 2009 The teacher´s meeting with students in mathematics difficulties Antal sidor: 59Syftet med vårt examensarbete är att undersöka vilka uppfattningar verksamma lärare har om elever i matematiksvårigheter, hur de arbetar för att stödja dessa elever samt hur eleverna själva tänker om sin undervisning, sitt lärande och svårigheterna. Vår bakgrund består av en litteraturgenomgång där vi har sammanställt begrepp, utvärderingar samt forskning och litteratur som berör området matematiksvårigheter och matematikundervisningen. I vårt arbete har vi använt oss av kvalitativa, semi - strukturerade intervjuer som metod. Vi har intervjuat fem pedagoger som undervisar i matematik i år 4 och 5 samt 12 av deras elever i matematiksvårigheter. Genom examensarbetet har vi fått fördjupad insikt i hur pedagoger uppfattar matematiksvårigheter och vilka strategier de använder för att hjälpa elever i matematiksvårigheter. Vårt resultat pekar på en undervisning som för pedagogernas del är komplex och där det finns svårigheter att anpassa undervisningen för att möta varje individ. Orsakerna till elevernas svårigheter finns enligt pedagogerna hos eleven eller i hemmet.

Composting is a process in which organic matter is mineralized by microorganisms. In January 2005 landfilling of organic waste was prohibited in Sweden. With this prohibition composting has become an important alternative to handle the produced organic wastes. One problem with continuous small-scale composting is the production of organic acids that will inhibit a further composting process. The aim of these theses was to study what effects temperature and dry matter content had on the production of organics acids, and what effect the organic acids had on the mineralisation of the substrate as well as the stability during storage of the product.

AbstractAccording to research made by Statistics Sweden on the members of the labor union IF Metall the number of reported musculoskeletal disorders for employees working under the collective bargaining agreement for the automotive industry has almost doubled since 2003. During 2004- 2006 and 2008 male assembly workers were the occupational group with the highest amount of reported work related disorders in Sweden. To prevent musculoskeletal disorders is according to Rose and Orrenius important both for the individual, the society and the industry by reducing economic and personal costs. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze how the manufacturing industry is affected by musculoskeletal disorders that occur when working with line assembly and how companies can prevent them. The report aims to provide the reader with an understanding of what musculoskeletal disorders are, to which extent they occur in assembly, how companies are directed by laws and regulations and how they affect the Swedish manufacturing industry and their employees.

Dairy farms have during a long time been under pressure and this situation was aggravated during the spring and summer of 2009, when profitability declined to historically low levels. Lower milk price and relatively high input prices have caused Swedish dairy farms great liquidity concerns and profitability problems. For a long time, Denmark has been identified as a leading country for the agrarian development with a leading structural rationalization and willingness to grow. In 2009, it was shown that the Danish agriculture, which is generally more leveraged, has difficulties in maintaining profitability and when market price of land started to fall, the proportion of technically insolvent agricultural enterprises rose dramatically. In light of this prevailing situation, this study highlights differences between Denmark and Sweden with the hope to learn from each other.

Demokrati har i olika former under närmare 2500 år varit en del av de politiska system som existerat i världen. Under årens lopp har det som idag klassas som en demokrati utvecklats från det antika Grekland, som handlade främst om fria mäns rösträtt till mer komplexa former som inkluderar bland annat mänskliga rättigheter. Att demokratin dessutom högst troligt inte bara spridits mellan platser och samhällen utan troligen uppstått i olika former helt oberoende av tidigare demokratier gör demokratin till ett något komplext och svårdefinierat fenomen (Dahl, 1998:7-9).Fördelningen av demokrati geografiskt sett har även den varierat, från att främst existera i västvärlden har demokrati nu börjat spridas och även förekomma i övriga delar av världen, så som utvecklingsländer, dock under olika förutsättningar och former. Den demokratiska utvecklingen i Afrika, och då speciellt afrikanska stater söder om Sahara, har dock hamnat något efter men fick under nittiotalet ett större genomslag genom en rad händelser, till exempel frigivningen av Nelson Mandela i Sydafrika. Antalet demokratier i hela Afrika var därför i slutet av nittiotalet mellan 9 och 17, beroende på hur begreppet definieras (Diamond, 1999:1-2).

SAMMANFATTNING Uppskattningsvis transporteras 171 miljoner grisar inom EU varje år, varav ca 3,5 miljoner i Sverige. Grisarna kommer, under hela förloppet från förflyttningen från box i stallet till bedövningen i slakteriet, att utsättas för stressande moment. Orsakerna är bland annat omgrupperingar, nya miljöer, vibrationer i bilen samt, speciellt under sommaren, värmestress. Temperaturen i djurtransportbilen är en nyckelfaktor som dessutom kan förstärka effekten av andra stressorer. Lastning i höga temperaturer ökar risken för värmestress. Värmestress innebär att djuren får allt svårare att avge sin värme. Även den relativa luftfuktigheten har betydelse, framförallt vid temperaturer över 30°C. Det är ventilationen i transportbilen som ska transportera bort värme och fukt från bilen.