This report includes common helminths, symtoms, routes of infection, diagnostic laboratory techniques and prophylactic methods to prevent infection. We have pointed out where there is a risk of zoonotic transmission and how to avoid contamination and infection. We have restricted the number of species to the most common helminths. Some of these helminths do not naturally occur in Sweden (yet) but are nevertheless of current interest when we travel across borders with our horses, dogs and cats. The diagnostic part of our report tells about different techniques to find an occurance of helminths in samples of faeces, blood, urine or saliva from a horse, dog or cat. We also write about some recommendations on treating parasitic infections and the development of anthelmintic resistant helminths that originates from incorrect use of anthelmintic drugs .

Twenty-four calves, which had not grazed previously, were divided into four groups. They were subsequently inoculated orally with either E. alabamensis oocysts, O.ostertagi/C. oncophora larvae, or both. One group remained uninfected and was used as a control.

This work is intended primarily for animal nurses/veterinary technicians and describe parts of the rabbits digestive tract, causes of gastrointestinal disease, symptoms, diagnosis, general care of rabbits with gastrointestinal disease and how to prevent that gastrointestinal illness occur. The work is largely based on literature studies but also on a questionnaire sent out to rabbit owners to get answers on how they generally hold and care of rabbits, which gastrointestinal diseases that are most common, how owners care for their animals at home during illness and to examine if the owners think that the knowledge of this subject is good at his veterinarian/clinic.The purpose of this work is to improve the skills of animal nurses but also to improve the skills of owners through competent advice from animal nurses.The result show that gastrointestinal disease often is caused due to improper feeding and care of rabbits and therefore is advices from animal nurses an important part of preventive care. Animal nurses are also an important part of treatment of rabbits with gastrointestinal disease when supportive care as fluid therapy, supportive feeding and supply of a stress free environment is important for the animals to recover..

Urininkontinens beskrivs som ett stort folkhälsoproblem eftersom över 50 miljoner personer i världen är berörda, varav en halv miljon är svenskar. Urininkontinens kan ses som tabubelagt där många med besvär väljer att inte söka hjälp och har svårt att prata om det. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa personers upplevelser av att leva med urininkontinens. Metoden som användes var en allmän litteraturstudie baserad på 13 kvalitativa och kvantitativa vetenskapliga originalartiklar. Sökorden som användes var incontinence, urinary incontinence, experience*, nurse*, quality of life*, life purpose* och grounded theory.

In the report parasites in the gastrointestinal tract and easily visible external symptoms of disease in capercaillie, (Tetrao urogallus), was taken into account. The study was based on results from the examination of 62 fresh faecal samples, collected in spring 2003, and postmortem examination of 22 frozen birds that were collected between 1999 and 2003. All of the samples principally were from the north of Sweden. In total, 4 species of parasites, but no significant symptoms of disease were found. In the faeces low levels eggs of the roundworms Capillaria spp. (125 epg) and Ascaridia spp.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva det dagliga livet för yngre kvinnor med urininkontinens. Sju stycken kvinnor intervjuades och en öppen fråga ställdes för att få fram studiens syfte. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys genom Lundman & Hällgren Graneheim(2012) användes som analysmetod. Studiens resultat visade att urininkontinens förde med sig en rad konsekvenser för den unga kvinnan. I det dagliga livet innebar det att livet blev mindre aktivt och då var det främst påverkan på den fysiska aktiviteten kvinnorna tog upp och upplevde som ett problem.

Urininkontinens är ett av våra stora folkhälsoproblem. Kvinnor drabbas oftare än män, men efter 75-års ålder är det ungefär lika vanligt hos båda könen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur mäns upplevelser av att leva med urininkontinens belystes i litteraturen. Metoden var en litteraturstudie som baserades på tio vetenskapliga artiklar, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa. Under bearbetningen av artiklarna framträdde olika teman som slutligen resulterade i tre övergripande rubriker.

This work is intended primarily for animal nurses/veterinary technicians and describe parts of the rabbits digestive tract, causes of gastrointestinal disease, symptoms, diagnosis, general care of rabbits with gastrointestinal disease and how to prevent that gastrointestinal illness occur. The work is largely based on literature studies but also on a questionnaire sent out to rabbit owners to get answers on how they generally hold and care of rabbits, which gastrointestinal diseases that are most common, how owners care for their animals at home during illness and to examine if the owners think that the knowledge of this subject is good at his veterinarian/clinic.The purpose of this work is to improve the skills of animal nurses but also to improve the skills of owners through competent advice from animal nurses.The result show that gastrointestinal disease often is caused due to improper feeding and care of rabbits and therefore is advices from animal nurses an important part of preventive care. Animal nurses are also an important part of treatment of rabbits with gastrointestinal disease when supportive care as fluid therapy, supportive feeding and supply of a stress free environment is important for the animals to recover..

The flagellate Giardia intestinalis has been known to cause diarrhea in both man and dog. Results from epidemiological studies have indicated that transmission of the parasite from dog to man is plausible even though that route of infection has yet to be shown. Several international studies have shown that the parasite frequently occurs in asymptomatic dogs. In Sweden the prevalence of Giardia in healthy dogs is not known though. In this study, faecal samples were collected at two separate occasions from 21 litters and 21 bitches showing no symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract. The samples from each litter were pooled but the samples from the bitches were analyzed individually.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur kvinnors livskvalitet påverkas vid urininkontinens, om åldern påverkar livskvaliteten samt om kvinnorna sökt hjälp för sina symtom. Metoden var en systematisk litteraturstudie, där vetenskapliga artiklar söktes i flera databaser. Sökordet ?urinary incontinence? ingick i alla sökningar i olika kombinationer med andra sökord. Endast kvantitativa artiklar hittades vid sökningen.

At the farm Fride, in Lojsta at the Southern part of Gotland, my family runs a pig production with 80 part-integrated sows in a ?Familybox-system?. The main parts of the facilities are from the early 90´s and have done their job. The production results have the last years decreased because of new infections so we have to do something before shifting ownership! This degree thesis is meant to answer the question about which the optimal extension would be today. By studying literature, use my own experience and make lots of calculations, I try to find out different opportunities.

Bakgrund: Urininkontinens är ett hälsoproblem som har stor påverkan på det känslomässiga välbefinnandet. Risken att drabbas av problem med urininkontinens ökar med stigande ålder. Urininkontinens innebär ofta ytterligare betydande grad av vårdtyngd för de personalgrupper som vårdar dessa patienter. Det är sjuksköterskans ansvar att utreda och förskriva inkontinenshjälpmedel, därför behöver hon ha kunskaper om olika utrednings-, omvårdnads- och behandlingsalternativ som finns. Syftet var att belysa vilka åtgärder som kan användas för att hantera omvårdnaden av kvinnor över 65 år med urininkontinens, samt resultatet av åtgärderna.

Perch (Perca fluviatilis) is a very popular fish in Sweden and it is common in Swedish waters. In some areas along the Swedish coast the perch population has decreased. It is therefore important to get a view at the health status of perch. During April, July and August of 2008, a total of 346 perches were caught in the Gump Bay in the Botnian Sea. The fish were mainly caught by net but also by rod.

The aim of this project was to create an interior design for a children?s hospital patient room with the concept to adapt the room for the wide target group from 0-18 years of age. The analysis in the project is based on the hospital ward 322 at Drottning Silvias Children?s and Youth Hospital in Gothenburg. It?s an oncology ward where the children are very sensitive for infections and therefore need to be isolated in their rooms for 3-4 weeks.The main goal for the project was to create a room that works as a template and gives the people who lives in it the opportunity to create thier own room based on the personal things they bring into it, and how they decide to furnish and use the room.The result of the project is a template room with fixed furniture that can be transformed due to screens in the room.

The purpose of this study is to describe melanotic tumours and the pathogenesis of these tumours. The focus of this study is on differences between benign and malignant tumours as well as the prognosis one may expect when diagnosing this disease. The mechanisms responsible for the occurrences of the tumours are not yet fully understood. It is believed that factors such as chronic trauma, infections, medications and hormones affect the cell mechanisms in some way. Determinants of the malignancy of the tumour are not completely known.