Topography is an important parameter for catchment hydrology, since it is a driver for water flow. Moreover, topography serves as a basis for hydrological models, e.g. ?Top-model?, which is based on a topographical wetness index (TWI). Few studies of TWI have been conducted on agricultural catchment scale. Four fields were studied in a Swedish drained agricultural catchment in order to evaluate the influence of topography on soil wetness.

This thesis was carried out to give some background information to a report of SLU (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) for the Swedish National Rail Administration (Banverket). The requested information was to provide basic data for an environmental impact assessment of the construction of the tunnel through Hallandsås. The aim with the thesis work was to discuss and quantify the leaching of nitrate and the emission of nitrous oxide from the soil at the groundwater level established through the tunnel project. The nitrogen related processes that could be affected were described and discussed. The different areas where a decreased groundwater level can cause changes in the nitrogen processes are the wet and moist areas.

Due to excess precipitation that cause runoff, all soils in Sweden naturally leaches nitrogen.High leaching from arable land is an environmental problem when the runoff reacheswaters. In the international agreement, Baltic Sea Action Plan, the aim is to reduce therunoff of nutrients. Sweden has agreed to reduce its load of e.g. nitrogen to the Baltic Sea.One of the proposed measures is an increased use of site-specific N-fertilization, which hasbeen shown to increase nitrogen use efficiency and therefore also reduce the nitrogen runoff.Either yields are increased with the same total amount of nitrogen, or the total quantityof nitrogen is reduced with preserved yield levels, which is profitable for the farmers.The dynamics of nitrogen leaching differs between top dressing applications above orbelow the economical optimum. There is a consensus about a difference in the dynamics,but not about its magnitude.

Fragmentation and reduction of forest area is a threat for many forest species and their habitat. Deficiencies in forest quality, such as lack of dead wood and old trees, are one explanation of the threat. The most important action to prevent the continued loss of forest types is to protect forest, but also to restore and to create areas that not previously had high nature values. Hence one of the key strategic roles for Fritid- och Naturkontoret, Uppsala municipality, is to monitor biodiversity in the context of urban planning. The majority of the Uppsala municipality residents live in urban areas and most of them spend some of their spare time in natural areas in cities and their immediate surroundings. Exploitation in and around Uppsala is high, but it is important that there is enough nature close to houses to meet the residents? needs of recreation.

What causes people to move within and between certain places and not within and between others? How do physical outdoor environments affect the way people act and move? Do different environments generate different body language and mimics in the bodies that inhabit them? In my pursuit for answers to these questions I studied literature and initiated and took part in dialogues in the form of workshops, all of which has resulted into this thesis. My questions have initially arisen from reflections of my own environment and how it not only affects my mental condition, but also my actions. Drawing upon the hermeneutic term ?preconception? I trust that what we label ?truth? is constructed by our lived experience and the society we grow up in.

The purpose of this study was to interview different groups of people (preschool teatcher, parents and theire childen) involved in preschool about their view on outdoor activity and children´s motoric development, and how a preschool yard should be designed to promote childrens development.All parties regard outdoor activity as very important for the development of children. They also think that the outdoor environment today is good but that it could be improved by including some trees and hills. The yard should also contain soil, sand, clay and water. The children prefer grass on the ground over other substrates. This study also gives good indications to decision makers how to build new or to reconstruct pre-school yards in the future..

This Masters thesis is made as the first of two visitor surveys of three urban forest areas. These areas are; Skutan recreational area in Haninge, Ugglevikskällan on Norra Djurgården in Stockholm and the Paradiset Reserve in Huddinge. The study is made in cooperation with the managers of the three areas operating within the European Union Life Project regarding Urban Woods for People. The goal has been to collect data through studies of visitors and close by residents in the three areas. The results are to be used as primary values for the follow-up as well as a basis for managerial decisions. The interviews and surveys are also constructed in a fashion so that they can be used for the follow-up study. For the Skutan recreational area the mode of contact was by sending forms to the nearby residential areas.

Detta arbete är ett examensarbete om markpackning i urban miljö med fokus på att undvika, åtgärda och ett växtval. Arbetet är skrivet på 15 hp inom LTJ-Fakulteten under perioden 2009/2010. Arbetet har olika avsnitt som tar olika ämnen inom markpackning.Den första delen handlar om bakgrunden till arbetet där det tas upp att ämnet kommer i grund och botten från Alnarp förskola samt att det är ett stort problem i den gröna sektorn. Själva syftet med arbetet var att få en bättre förståelse för markpackning hur det uppstår, hur det kan undvikas och åtgärdas. Det ska kunna ge grund till kommande arbeten i ämnet eftersom det är en sammanfattning av forsknings- och rapportmateria .

This is a thesis on how to develop and densifythe suburb of Joanneshov south of Stockholm.Based on Stockholm?s urban history,Stockholm master plan in 2010, the currentdensity and sustainability debate, literarystudies, as well as a variety of analysisof the site it all ends up with a proposal onJohanneshov. The goals have been workedout during the work and has resulted inthat we want to extend the inner city streetand linking Johanneshov with surroundingdistricts, but we also want to create a wellused, diverse, urban area where the humanis in focus and a district that is easy to read.Much of the work is devoted to show howStockholm has developed historical and totry to put the future in a context, but also a lotof work has been put in the information andthe analysis of the site chapter. The plan proposalis still considered to be the work focus.Johanneshov is surrounded by Årsta inthe west, Hammarbyhöjden in the east,Enskede in the south and Södermalm inthe north. Gullmarsplan is a typical 40thcentury area with a functionalist structure.Johanneshov is with Gullmarsplan,the Globe an the Slaughterhousearea, an important node for the southernsuburbs as a place for communication,sports, entertainment and shopping.Today Nynäsvägen divides the area intoa western and an eastern part.

As birch is one of the most common trees in Sweden, and probably one of the easiest for someone who lives here to identify, it is interesting to note that most people do not know how variable the genus is and how widely it is distributed across the northern hemisphere. One can find birch growing at both high and low elevations, demanding different soil conditions and preferring varying amounts of sunlight. Many people may also be surprised to hear that the colour of the bark can vary from bight white to almost black, and different shades of pink, orange and red can also be displayed. This, together with the astonishing beauty of the genus, the important role as a pioneer in many ecological systems and the difficulty in sorting out the taxonomy of the genus, constitutes the background of this thesis. The thesis is written at the Department of Landscape Development in Alnarp, Sweden with Kenneth Lorentzon, researcher at the Swedish University of Agriculture as a supervisor. The aim of this thesis is to highlight which species and cultivars within the genus Betula could be appropriate for horticultural use in Sweden.

In Dar es Salaam, as in many cities in developing countries, green areas are decreasing due to the fact that the growth of buildings, infrastructure and services has become a priority. As the population increases more buildings and infrastructure are needed and much of the building activity takes the form of uncontrolled settlements, which encroaches the public green space. Dar es Salaam has approximately three million inhabitants, of which about 70 percent are living in informal settlements. The aim with this study is to make a design proposal for a park and recreation area where the Msimbazi river basin in the centre of Dar es Salaam is today. The basin consist of a few playing fields, footpaths and some urban farming, but apart from this it mostly consists of unused grasslands, swamps and forests. Because it is an unsafe place and badly connected to the rest of the city infrastructure, it has become a barrier. The annual flood combined with the constant still shallow water creates a good breading ground for malaria mosquitoes.

I gained my interest for color during my years at the landscape architect program. I felt that you as a student in design courses constantly were faced with the problems of coloration. A subject that I perceived to be difficult, especially for us students that lacked the experiences from how a project on the drawing board turns out when it finally is built. As a professional landscape architect you there have a greater experience but I wondered how much awareness about color you actually have as a professional. How does one think about coloration and how can you use color as a formative tool? And how does color truly affect us humans? Does color have significance for the experience of landscape architecture? The object with this project is to illustrate color and it?s place in landscape architecture.

Det här kandidatarbetet behandlar hur en typisk förortsmiljö, Rotebro centrum i Sollentuna kommun, med hjälp av rådande blandstadsidéer kan utvecklas till att bli en miljö som präglas av blandade och integrerade funktioner. Med utgångspunkt i kommunens översiktsplan tas ett gestaltningsförslag fram med hjälp av rådande teori. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och beskriva blandstad som ett planeringsbegrepp och se hur Rotebro centrum kan förtätas och utvecklas med en blandstadskaraktär för att upplevas trivsamt, tryggt och levande. Hur skapas en tydligare urban karaktär och vilka funktioner kan inkluderas. Genom aktivitetsobservationer, intervjuer och platsanalyser identifieras nuvarande problem och möjligheter. Nuvarande svårigheter finns i bullerproblematiken som idag gör sig påmind i stora delar av området, från både passerande tågtrafik, närliggande motorväg och flygtrafik.

Since the 1950s, the development of modern rotation forestry in boreal Fennoscandia has resulted in a severe reduction of older forests, and a high degree of fragmentation among the small patches that remains of old forest. In Sweden, when performing conservation value assessments in order to identify and preserve the remaining forest habitats, the government authorities use to a significant extent a set of indicator species that indicate habitats of high biological conservation value. One species considered to indicate high conservation values in pine-heath forests is the red-listed ectomycorrhizal (EM) macrofungi Sarcodon scabrosus (Fr.) P. Karst. In the present study, the validity of using S.

This thesis has been made on behalf of SCA Skog AB to assess the need of boron in Swedishforest fertilization. Boron has been added to Swedish forest fertilizers since the beginning of the1980s. This makes the fertilizers more expensive and therefore has the necessity of boron inSwedish forest fertilization been raised.The Swedish bedrock generally contains small amounts of boron. The boron in the bedrock istightly bound to the mineral tourmaline and mostly unavailable for plants. This leads to that thecontribution of boron to the soil from weathering is very low besides soils with marinesediments.