The out-of-town retail establishments are part of the dramatic structural changes in the retailing of food and groceries. There are however strong indications suggesting these establishments result in negative externalities concerning areas such as pollution and urban environment. The purpose of this study is to describe and, from an economic perspective, analyse the Swedish political regulations and planning policies concerning the out-of-town supermarkets. The analysis establishes that the current regulations regarding out-of-town retailing do not, due to the occurrence of market failures, produce an optimal situation. It might therefore be necessary to change the planning policies in a more restrictive direction.

Den första riksskogstaxeringen (RT) i Sverige genomfördes under åren 1923-1929. Data från den inventeringen är nu digitaliserad och är sparad i en SQL-databas med geografisk information. Digitaliseringen öppnar för nya möjlighetera att genomföra beräkningar på materialeti egendefinierade geografiska områden.Den svenska naturvårdslagen instiftades 1965 och i och med den kunde naturreservat inrättas. Tidigare var det enbart den svenska staten som kunde skydda områden i nationalparker. Syftet med detta arbete är att jämföra skogstillståndet i områden inom naturreservat och nationalparker (benämnt NR) under tre olika tidsperioder samt att jämföra med omkringliggande skogar.

The Go Down Arts Centre is a proposal for a new building to an existing organisation in Nairobi, Kenya. The proposal relates to the scale of the city by making a statement on a future urban path, and by welcoming the city in to the building. The proposal houses both activities affiliated to Go Down, such as studios and rehersal rooms, as well as opportunities for the visitor to meet and interact with the culture produced at Go Down, both in formal and informal settings. The building is closed to its surroundings, apart from a grand entrance towards the urban path. There, the city passes through the building to an inner courtyard, where the communication to all the rooms and activities takes place.

Bakgrund: MoDo Skog upplever idag att deras ekonomistyrning i allt för hög utsträckning fokuserar kostnader, framförallt kostnader som förknippas med avverkning samt transport av råvara. Som ett led i denna kostnads-fokusering har MoDo Skog en misstanke om att det förekommer suboptimeringar inom virkesflödesprocessen. Före-taget upplever dessutom att de är dåliga på att mäta och följa upp så kallade mjuka faktorer.Syfte: Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att kartlägga en virkesflödesprocess och därefter undersökaförutsättningarna att utarbeta ett Balanced Scorecard med funktionella nyckeltal. Avgränsningar: Arbetet inom fallföretaget begränsas till att gälla virkesflödesprocessen från avverkning till dess att råvaran kommer till industrin på Iggesundsregionen. Vi beaktar endast de avverkningar som sker på fallföretagets eg-na marker.Genomförande: Studien har genomförts på fallföretagets region Iggesund.

Through this thesis, we want to discuss how the marginalization of people, several precedent political, city planning- and engineering decisions resulted in a catastrophic outcome after hurricane Katrina in New Orleans 2005. We also put forward a case study of the Make It Right Foundation, to demonstrate how the residents of the Lower Ninth Ward are involved in the urban development of their community. We would like to draw attention to the power of citizens and how they can influence the urban development of a community after a trauma. This study also focuses on the mission of The Make It Right Foundation: which is to rebuild the Lower Ninth Ward with firm concepts on sustainable development where all dimensions are accounted: ecological, social, cultural and economic. The empirical data was collected by a field study in New Orleans 2010-03-22 and semistructured interviews were made during the same days..

Holmen Skog har som målsättning att öka andelen sådda föryngringsytor från dagens 24 % till 30 %. Erfarenheterna inom Holmen Skog vad gäller sådd är goda, men med ett ökat arealmål blir svårigheterna att hitta lämpliga bestånd större. Syftet med examensarbetet var att få bättre kunskap om hur såddresultatet påverkas av ståndortsfaktorer, såddtidpunkt samt trädslagsval. Målsättningen var att ta fram ett kunskapsunderlag som kan utgöra grund för rekommendationer om vilka ståndorter som är mest lämpade för sådd. För att särskilja olika faktorers inverkan på såddresultatet analyserades återväxtinventeringsresultat från 3 704 bestånd med multivariat- och diskriminantanalys. I en fältstudie undersöktes främst inverkan av ståndortens vattenegenskaper på såddresultatet, där 500 stycken 10 m2-provytor med huvudstammar (plantytor) jämfördes med ytor utan huvudstammar (nollytor).

Effects of climate change, urbanization and global homogenization are resulted in the degradation of land and losses of natural habitats. Ecological design integrates nature into urban environment by respecting natural ecological principles and processes and creating resilient urban biotopes which also can be used by local urban communities. The aim of the thesis is to answer the research questions: How ecological design principles can be applied for re-design of Toledo Riverfront (with requirements of the design competition)? and What is the ecological design in landscape architecture? I participated in the USA design competition with the aim to create a vision and redesign of Toledo Riverfront in Ohio State, USA. The site is located in the south point of Lake Erie. As a result of a long industrial activity, riverfront of Toledo had been transformed into inaccessible and abandoned brownfields. In my proposal I applied ecological design principles on three scales: the city of Toledo by reinforcing of ecological connection and creating green corridors along the river; the intermediate scale by suggesting public parks along the river front and on the fine level by proposing detailed design including remediation of the site and use of dredged material.

This thesis deals with urban planning in connection with social and spatial integration.It´s a study of a new planning project in Malmö in southern Sweden. It´s an interesting case because this new, fashionable area will be located next to areas facing socio-economical challanges and stagnation. By using two theoretical models I analyse how the visions for planning a city are formulated and applied when policy is going to be operated. My models are ?the balanced community? and ?the dual community? .The conclusion is that the focus for Malmö and Hyllie is going towards emphasing the creation of attractive but segregated districs in a city.

In this Bachelor thesis an animal bone material from Västergarn parish is analyzed and discussed. The purpose of this thesis is to gain more knowledge about the Viking Age/Early Medieval Västergarn. Västergarn has a few remains from former days which have been discussed throughout the years and are still a bit of a mystery for archaeologists. The main focus is to inquire into whether Västergarn was an urban, complex society or a rural settlement. This will be done by studying the animal husbandry from the property of Snauvalds 1:2.

The review of Integrated green spaces in urban areas ? A case study of inner Brisbane highlight the significance of addressing characteristics, qualities and landscape values in our outdoor environment. The importance of green spaces to the wellbeing of people in the city and the ecological, social and cultural values they carry are widely recognised in the field of urban and regional planning. At the same time population growth, climate change and urban development put planners and scientists in a challenging position where new solutions must be put on the agenda in order to accomplish sustainability. Open space strategies, collaboration between stakeholders, public participation, learn from earlier failings and a ?value-led? approach facilitate the managing of open space. Brisbane is located in the fastest growing metropolitan region in Australia. The city´s open space landscapes offer cultural, geographical, recreational, social and scenic amenity assets, which make a major contribution to the regions identity they a wide world known for.

GPS (Global Positioning system) and GIS (Geographical information system) has been used for planning and inventory in the forest sector for more than ten years. The last years the development has come to equip harvesters and forwarders with GPS and GIS (GIT). The goal with this study was to reach a basis for decision, how Stora Enso Skog should continue its investment in GPS and GIS in harvesters and forwarders. To reach this basis for decision, possible advantages and benefits, disadvantages and problems in the harvesting process was evaluated. The study was made as an interview study with four harvesting managers and ten machine teams. To secure the quality of the results an interview questionnaire was made before the interviews were done. The results showed that GIT will make the harvesting managers work easier.

The low bearing capacity of roads during the spring thaw and periods in the autumn leads every year to increases costs for Holmen Skog. To reduce costs and increase accessibility Holmen Skog decided to install and test a CTI-system. Central tire inflation (CTI) is a system that makes it possible to monitor and vary a vehicle?s tire inflation pressures from the cabin, while the vehicle is in motion. When tire pressures are reduced, the area of the contact surface between the tire and the road increases, thus reducing the ground pressure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CTI-equipped vehicle and analyze if the CTI technology is economical defensible during the thaw 2005.

This Masters thesis is performed at the request of the National Board of Forestry in order to investigate how the Swedish municipalities use their forests. The study is of general character with emphasis on the social values of the forests. The municipalities? purposes with their forests have varied over time, but lately the social aspects have been recognised as interesting. The social values of the forests can be defined as the values from the forests that contribute to the wealth of humans. This has socio-economic importance for the municipalities. The study was performed as a quantitative questionnaire survey, complemented with qualitative interviews.

Flygfänas skog is a project where illustration meets spatiality. The work is about how section 62of the Children and Youth Hospital (BUS), at Skåne University Hospital, in Lund can useillustration as a compliment to their premises. Today, the hospital has difficulties to deal with theolder children patients at the hospital in a good way because the expression that is there today,mostly only appeals to the younger patients. Previously, there has been some kind of decorationon the department and the staff thought that this is boring, is a problem in that in many placesthere are stickers of child characters posted on the walls. This and other installations that cut outletters, face off, and symbols have made sense in the department becomes fragmented, ill andchildish.

no abstract available.