During consultation procedures between forest owners and the Sámi, data on, e.g., reindeer lichen biomass on the current site is needed. Hitherto, the existing methods of measuring lichen cover and biomass has been either objective methods such as the Point Intercept method, which is time consuming, or some sort of subjective visual estimation, which is faster but less accurate. However, both these methods are sensitive to different observers and/or to different inventories. This paper addresses the further development and evaluation of a photographical inventory method that uses colour distribution in images to estimate lichen biomass. During the autumn of 2011 six different locations, with different grazing pressure and lichen cover, in Norrbotten county were inventoried using both the Point Intercept method and the photographical method, complemented with collection of biomass samples.

Historien om helande platser i naturen, ställen som ansågs påverka människans välbefinnande, är lång. Naturens återhämtande hälsoeffekter är däremot ett relativt nytt forskningsfält. Två teorier dominerar inom forskningen, Stephen och Rachel Kaplans teori om hur sinnena påverkas av intryck och Roger Ulrichs teori om reaktioner som sker instinktivt i kroppen. Båda teorierna utgår från stressteori då det är ett tydligt sätt att mäta välmående. Det är utifrån dessa teorier som designaspekter för helande trädgårdar har växt fram.

The purpose of this work is to create more knowledge about the teacher's perceptions of group dynamics and its impact on school activities. How do teachers opportunities and obstacles in order to influence group dynamics among students. The questions I have answered is how the teachers see the importance of a functioning group dynamics in school, how teachers work with group dynamics and how teachers describe the opportunities and obstacles for effective group dynamics. The method I am using at work is a qualitative research method that involves obtaining the teachers' own thoughts, feelings and experiences around the right questions. I have interviewed three teachers in primary schools in the county of Stockholm to find out their particular approach.

In the field of maintenance management there are but a few models an organization can use. The one model that has risen to the status of being the de facto standard in Sweden is pm3(på maintenance management model). The aim of this study is to lay the groundwork for a new method of evaluate the use of pm3within organizations. Today there is no uniform way of performing such an evaluation, which is necessary in order to diagnose the performance of the systems maintenance organizations.In the process of creating our own method for performing this kind of pm3audit, we further developed the ideas from a study by Lagsten & Nordström (2013) that was performed at the county Region Skåne. The authors of that study had developed ideas about using method rationale as a basis of creating a method for pm3auditing.

SammanfattningSyfte Studiens syfte är att undersöka friluftsundervisningen i grundskolor med friluftsprofil i Oslo och Stockholm, samt jämföra dessa.Vilken eller vilka stilar av friluftsliv förekommer inom idrottsämnet i friluftsprofilerade grundskolor i Oslos kommun?Vilken eller vilka stilar av friluftsliv förekommer inom idrottsämnet i friluftsprofilerade grundskolor i Stockholms kommun?Vad kan vi se för likheter eller skillnader mellan skolorna i Oslo och Stockholm?Kort sammanfattning av Sandells friluftsstilar:Passiv anpassnignsstil: friluftsliv utifrån ett anpassat betraktande perspektiv utan att påverka naturen.Aktiv anpassningsstil: friluftsliv utifrån ett aktivt perspektiv där du lever av naturen och tar vad du behöver samtidigt som man värnar om naturen.Dominant anpasssningsstil: friluftsliv utifrån ett aktivitetscentrerat perspektiv där ofta kommersialism styr för att påverka och anpassa naturen för att ge rum för specifik aktivitet.MetodAnvänd metod är öppet strukturerade telefonintervjuer. Sex stycken idrottslärare, tre i Oslo och tre i Stockholm intervjuades varav två var kvinnor och fyra var män. Samtliga var utbildade till idrottslärare eller lärare med undevisning inom friluftsliv.ResultatAlla stilar förekommer i Oslo. I Stockholm råder tveksamhet kring den dominansstilen.

Många sjöar är idag påverkade av mänsklig aktivitet, bland annat är 1 % av Sveriges sjöar eutrofierade, däribland Ekoln. Ekoln är en stor sjö i Uppsala län söder om Uppsala som länge varit eutrofierad. Fyrisån och Örsundaån är de största inflödena till Ekoln och Sävjaån är ett betydande biflöde till Fyrisån. Kungsängsverket är Uppsalas reningsverk och har sitt utlopp i Fyrisån och som ett led i att minska eutrofieringen byggdes fosforreningen ut 1972. Fosforhalterna i Ekoln sjönk och algblomningarna blev färre.

Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på hur medvetna gymnasieelever är om it-säkerhetshot och risker på Internet. Detta har gjorts genom att först undersöka aktuella hot genom att studera trendrapporter från ledande it-säkerhetsföretag. Denna information har sedan använts i en enkät för att ta reda på kunskapen och medvetenhetsnivån om dessa it-säkerhetshot bland gymnasieelever i Uppsala. Studien visar att det finns ett behov av utökad kunskap inom området. I resultatet kunde särskilda brister ses i de sociala aspekterna av it-säkerhet.

AbstractThe purpose with the study is to contribute knowledge of teacher?s thoughts of, and actions in potentially stress filled situations at preschool. The methods I?ve been using are qualitative interviews and unstructured observations of hallway situation at dressing and the transit between lunch and rest.At the interviews with the teachers it showed that none of them feels stressed but there are stress filled situations. The lunch and transit between lunch and rest is a stressful situation, where there is a lot to do, like the dishes, the teachers break and the lie-down.

This examination paper is the account for the author?s work while arranging and registrating the business archives and business records of the Herman Bergman?s Foundry in Stockholm, Sweden. It is part of the one year Masters program in Archival Science at the University of Uppsala. The records are from the beginning of the 1900s to the 1970s. Most of the business archives are from he 1940s to the 1950s.

Syftet med vårt examensarbete var att undersöka vad det är enligt elevernas uppfattning som gör att matematiken är intressant. Undersökningen gjordes på fyra klasser om sammanlagt 83 elever i årskurs ett och två på teoretiska gymnasieskolor i Skåne, med hjälp av en enkät med blandade öppna och slutna frågor. Resultatet antydde att det jämfört med andra ämnen främst var så att eleverna hade svårt att förstå relevansen och nyttan med den matematik de läste, och att de jämfört med de populära ämnena så som engelska och idrott, inte på ett naturligt sätt använde matematiken på sin fritid. Slutsatsen vi drar av detta är att elever behöver få mer hjälp med att förstå när och hur de kan tillämpa matematiken för att den ska bli ett användbart verktyg inte bara i studier och arbete utan även på fritiden och i vardagen.

AbstractSocial welfare workers employed in the same county base their assessments on the same laws, routines and guidelines, yet it seems that they sometimes come to different decisions. It's the discretion that enables the social workers to make individualized decisions adapted to each clients unique situation.The purpose of this paper is to examine social welfare workers reflections on discretion and what influences their discretion in the professional role.Six qualitative interviews were conducted with social welfare workers in three communitys i the middle of Sweden.The main result shows that it is primarily four factors that affect the social welfare workers discretion in the professional role :External factors such as other organizations change of regulations and cooperation with other organizations.Organizational factors such as routines, rules and guidelines .Professional factors such as the opportunity to use experience and professionalknowledge to determine which measure works in different situations.Individual factors like the workers ability for initiative and the clients individualcircumstances. Social welfare workers feel that they have a relatively wide discretion in their profession. They believe they have the ability to make individual evaluations of each client, however they also believe that their discretion often is limited by lack of time.Key words: social welfare workers, clients, discretion, assessments. .

In the Swedish abattoirs there are assistants that judge the slaughtered animals in regard to diseases and injuries. All diseases and injuries assign different codes. This master?s thesis is about code 42 which means injuries of different kinds like for example bruises etc. These injuries have risen during the transport from the farm to the abattoir lairage or during the stay at the lairage before slaughter.

This essay is from a student at the cultural science program in Karlstad University. The essay in Culture studies deals about the history use and about the cultural-historical values on buildings. The buildings are from a certain area called the neighborhood Almen and have in the past been threatening many times of demolition. The neighborhood Almen buildings survived a huge city fire back in the 19th century. Since then the buildings has been known as a memory and by the inhabitants and as the oldest part of the city left.

The purpose of this study was to increase the level of knowledge in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for wind power. The study includes six wind power farms in the County of Västerbotten in northern Sweden. The main questions were: What are the real dimensions of roadways and land claims for both roads and wind power turbines? How do those dimensions correlate with the dimensions stated in the EIA? Are there any differences in values of the dimensions between the wind power farms that are included in this study? The width of the roadways and the land claims for both roads and wind turbines in wind power farms were examined on site. The results from the examinations were compared with the dimensions available in the EIA for each wind power farm.

AbstractThe main purpose of this essay is to examine if media-sport influence pupils in their physical education and if the teachers understands it. At the same time the aim has also been to investigate how the teachers can get along with the media influence in their teaching. We have also investigated what teachers in physical education think about the curriculum and if there is space for a teaching method that respect the pupils will.The essay is an empirical qualitative study built on open-ended interviews with 3 respondents from two schools in the county of Värmland, Sweden. The range of qualified teacher is restricted at this school. We asked 5 teachers to join, but only 3 were accepting to join our study.