After a series of corporate scandals around the world the trust in the business world was damaged, probably most in the United States but also in Sweden. Voices were raised for an increase in the openness and insight into the affairs of the company whereupon different corporate governance codes were developed in a majority of countries. A Swedish corporate governance code was issued in December 2004 with the purpose to re-establish the damaged trust for the companies and the business world. The Swedish code was accepted by the Stockholm Stock Exchange as an exchange rule for A-listed and larger O-listed companies as of July 2005. The purpose of this essay is to study how the Swedish corporate governance code in fact leads to an increase in trust in the stock market and to study the companies? attitudes towards this code.To fulfil the purpose of this essay, the authors have carried out a survey among the concerned companies where the companies? attitudes towards the Swedish code were collected.

Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka och jämföra hur de engelska fotbollsklubbarnas årsredovisningar ser ut. Vi har dessutom valt att undersöka om klubbarna följer de gällande regler som finns samt om deras årsredovisningar ger en rättvisande bild över klubbens ekonomiska ställning. Denna undersökning inriktar sig främst på de immateriella tillgångarna som är upptagna i årsredovisningen.Metoden vi använde oss av för att få svar på våra frågeställningar var genom att vi i vår teoretiska ansats hade ett deduktivt synsätt medan vår undersökningsansats byggde på en kvalitativ studie. Datainsamlingen har främst utgjorts av klubbarnas årsredovisningar samt gällande regelverk kring redovisningen.I vårt teoriavsnitt behandlade vi bland annat hur den ökade globaliseringen av handeln påverkat redovisningens utveckling och skapat ett behov av en global harmonisering av redovisningen. En del av dagens fotbollsklubbar är inte längre ideella sportföreningar utan börsnoterade bolag vilket har lett till ökade krav på klubbarnas redovisning.

The purpose of this report is to make an evaluation of the self-monitoring for scarification which Stora Enso is using and this study deals with the effects and importance of scarification. A comparison is made in this study with the purpose to highlight any differences between some of the leading forestry companies and significant forest organizations in Sweden. The companies represented in this report are Korsnäs, Mellanskog, SCA, Sveaskog and Södra. In the beginning of this study an interview form was set up together with Daniel Forsberg at Stora Enso. Stora Enso is the head object of this report and seven interviews were made within that company. At the other companies only three interviews were made within each one, with an exception to Mellanskog who wished four.

The aim of this paper is to see if Sweden has implemented the recommendations and taken notice of the guidelines for employment that the Commission and Council set up every year and from this see the role of the Commission and Council for the national employment politics. The years that I focused on in the paper are year 2000- 2004. The method that is used is a case study research that is exploratory and explanatory. The theoretical starting points are theories about delegation, cooperation and a variation of control and autonomy. This is recognized in the Principal- Agent theory and the Principal- Supervisor-Agent model.

Titel: Är all publicitet bra publicitet? Kontroversiell kommunikation och reklamkampanjen UnhateNivå: Kandidatuppsats, C-nivåOmråde: Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskapFörfattare: Marlene Jakobsson, V13MKandHandledare: Jonas Jonsson, Universitetsadjunkt, Institutionen för mediestudier ? JMKDatum: Uppsatsen avser utfört uppsatsarbete mellan 2013-01-30 och 2013-05-21.Syfte: Mitt syfte med denna uppsats är att lyfta fram hur konsumenter samt varumärkesexperter upplever United Colors of Benettons reklamkampanj från 2011, Unhate. Frågeställningar: Till denna kandidatuppsats ämnar jag utgå ifrån ett antal frågeställningar, härstammande ur en övergripande frågeställning; Hur kontroversiella PR- och reklamaktiviteter påverkar relationen mellan United Colors of Benetton och konsumenterna?Eget antagande: Mitt eget antagande är att United Colors of Benetton utgår ifrån ett politiskt och kontroversiellt ställningstagande i och med organisationens skapande och användning utav kontroversiella reklamkampanjer. Metod: Jag har genomfört två st semistrukturerade intervjuer med organisationens konsumenter, tre st semistrukturerade intervjuer med varumärkesexperter inom PR- och reklambranschen, samt en fokusgrupp med 5 st deltagande konsumenter. Resultat: I detta avsnitt presenterar jag mina resultat utifrån mina intervjuer. De resultat som jag kan lyfta fram utifrån min studie är att mina konsumenter upplever reklamkampanjen, i det stora hela, som ett arbete för mänskliga rättigheter, medan mina varumärkesexperter upplever reklamkampanjen som ett effektsökeri och att varumärket faller i skymundan.Diskussion: I detta avsnitt diskuterar jag huruvida Benetton som varumärke är i behov utav eventuella åtgärder för positiva associationer jämte konsumenterna, distinktionerna mellan hur konsumenterna och varumärkesexperterna upplevt reklambilderna, geografisk betydelse, samt varumärkets betydelse i reklamkampanjen. Jag styrker även min diskussion med hjälp utav tidigare forskning och utvalt teoretiskt material.Avslutande reflektioner: I detta avsnitt reflekterar jag över mitt sammanställda material samt lyfter fram min egen slutsats.Uppsatsens bidrag: Det viktigaste bidraget som jag vill lyfta fram ur min uppsats är en vidare inblick avseende hur normmässigt prövande ställningstaganden inom PR & reklam kan komma att påverka oss som konsumenter, och hur relationer mellan en organisation och dess konsumenter kan formas baserat på naturen hos organisationens PR- & reklamaktiviteter.   Nyckelord: Kontroversiellt, provokation, reklam, PR, offensive marketing, marketing, United Colors of Benetton, strategi samt varumärken..

One of the more hopeful signs in the Middle East-conflict during the 20th century was president Sadat´s visit to Jerusalem in November 1977. His speech in Knesset arose deep feelings, from open hostility to careful optimism and belief in the future. During nearly one and a half year Egyptian and Israeli delegations negotiated. They came to a peace-agreement, the Camp David-Accords, under the guidance of the United States. The main-actors during the peace- negotiations were President Sadat, Prime Minister Begin and President Carter.

Imperialism has for a long time been an important concept in international relations. The literature identifies many different types of imperialism. After the great de-colonization scientists stopped discussing ?classic? imperialism, i.e. using physical strength in the form of conquest and occupation to subdue weaker states.

The purpose of this study has been to investigate the prospects for identifying and prosecuting individuals suspected of war crimes, within the process of exclusion from refugee status under article 1F(a) of the 1951 Refugee Convention, and using subsequent mechanisms for extradition or prosecution in international criminal law. A number of principles within human rights law and public international law have been advocated by the UNCHR and several human rights NGOs as necessary for a thorough application of the exclusion clauses; one that takes individual responsibility into account and upholds the aims and purposes of the exclusion clauses. There is a discussion as to whether specialised or accelerated exclusion procedures are justified for reasons of security and efficiency, or if they put the rights of the individual at risk and limit the opportunities for gathering information to support investigation and prosecution of the crime in question. Apart from the instruments of asylum law and procedure that have emerged within the EU harmonisation process, there are no general, binding rules on the procedural aspects of the exclusion clauses. One principle that regulates the consequences for the individual of exclusion from refugee status and decisions on extradition is, however, the principle of non-refoulement.

Today there are many students with behavioral and developmental disorders in schools. One of these disorders is ADHD. The medical designation ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. I have chosen to research how two students with ADHD can be included in a fifth grade classroom.This research paper addresses the issues surrounding the student?s day-to-day life with a focus on the classroom.

This essay is a comparative empirical study of ethnic integration mainly of the Russian-speaking minorities in the three Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) in a post-communism setting. As Lithuania has a Polish minority that is as large as the Russian-speaking, they too shall be included in the study but not as thoroughly as the Russian-speaking minority. Thus the problem is: to what degree are the ethnic minorities integrated with the titular nations in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania? In order to study ethnic integration I have set up a theoretical framework largely based on Weiner?s theory of integration. The theoretical framework focuses on three dimensions: Citizenship, Identity and Segregation.

Ever since Sweden joined EU on the 1st of January 1995 the auditing is regulated not only by our Swedish laws but also by EG:s directives. In the fourth directive the member states are given a possibility to dispense small companies from the duty to audit the accounts. It is up to every member state to decide whether they want to dispense the small companies or not and today Sweden is one of few member states who does not.The purpose of this essay was to describe how lenders and Skatteverket will act in case of a dispensation for small companies from the duty to audit the accounts. The study has been carried out by interviewing four lenders and Skatteverket.The study shows that the lenders and Skatteverkets acting in case of a dispensation for small companies from the duty to audit the accounts will part from each others. While the lenders stand before a big change Skatteverkets work will be next to unaltered.Half the lenders think that they will continue to demand that the companies? accounts be audited.

Ever since Sweden joined EU on the 1st of January 1995 the auditing is regulated not only by our Swedish laws but also by EG:s directives. In the fourth directive the member states are given a possibility to dispense small companies from the duty to audit the accounts. It is up to every member state to decide whether they want to dispense the small companies or not and today Sweden is one of few member states who does not. The purpose of this essay was to describe how lenders and Skatteverket will act in case of a dispensation for small companies from the duty to audit the accounts. The study has been carried out by interviewing four lenders and Skatteverket. The study shows that the lenders and Skatteverkets acting in case of a dispensation for small companies from the duty to audit the accounts will part from each others. While the lenders stand before a big change Skatteverkets work will be next to unaltered. Half the lenders think that they will continue to demand that the companies? accounts be audited.

In 2002, the euro as a common currency did replace the national currencies in the EU member-states that did choose to take part in the EMU. It was then viewed as one of the greatest accomplishments ever to be made by the EU. However, during the latest years, the economic situation has deteriorated in several EMU member-states. This affected the whole euro-area and the current situation is referred upon as the euro-crisis. In 2011, at the time of the euro-crisis, the Heads of State or Government of the euro-area did reaffirm their full commitment to strengthen EMU.

The outset of this study is to contribute to the literature concerning China?s increasing economic interest to engage in the African context, its economies and resource abundandce. The overarching research problem is that the approaches held by the respective African state entities may facilitate increasing development gains for the recipient state of this economic interest in principle. To adress this research problem the study is undertaken by conducting a comparative case study where three cases/states, with presumably diverging economic and political status, are likely to effect their overall state approaches differently.Research questions, which are addressed by the creation of an idealtype analytic matrix, concern whether the states of South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe take on a more ?permissive? or ?restrictive? approach towards China?s economic interst and whether the approaches can be looked upon on both aggratege and case/area-specific levels.The main findings are that a clear tendency of the ?permissive approach? may be noted on a aggregate level for all cases.

The United States is one of few Western nations that administers capital punishment to their condemned criminals. Texas has executed the most inmates of any state in the U.S. This prompted questions about the psychological characteristics of death row inmates. The purpose of this essay is to widen the perspective on inmates serving capital sentences by analyzing their final statements. The focus of this essay was centered on acute anxiety of death among inmates, visible in their final statements, as a result of an accelerated process of dying.