My essay explores the public view on smoking in Sweden over the last few decades. I've studied how changes in social structures through media, laws, studies and education has brought about a change in the opinions about smoking. I found that even though there have always been different opinions on smoking it seems to have become less accepted in the Swedish society, particularly in the past twenty years. I discuss the different reason as to why (and how) the view on smoking might have changed the last decades amongst the Swedish people. To be able to do this I have done interviews on which I have applied narrative analysis..

I detta examensarbete redogörs för en fallstudie som undersökt NO-lärares språkdidaktiska strategier i ett flerspråkigt klassrum samt lärarens reflektioner kring dessa. Sex lektionsobservationer och sex kvalitativa intervjuer har utförts. Både lektionerna och intervjuerna har ljudinspelats. Tekniken Stimulated Recall har använts för att kunna ta del av lärarens reflektioner kring de språkdidaktiska strategier som observerats under lektionerna. Artefakter från lektionerna som observerats har även samlats in.Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien är det språkdidaktiska teoriperspektivet och analysverktygen stöttning, auktoritativ-dialogisk lärarröst och vetenskapligt-vardagligt språk har använts för att synliggöra de språkdidaktiska strategierna i undervisningen.Studien visar att läraren använder flera språkdidaktiska strategier i ämnesundervisningen.

This study is about children that have been forced to flee to another country, due to conflict, poverty or natural disasters, without their families. They are known as unaccompanied refugee children. The aim of the study is to, by focusing on individual children's feelings and experiences of being forced to flee create greater knowledge and understanding of what is hidden behind some of the statistic of migration.To answer the aim of the study, I used the following research questions: How is a child affected by being forced to leave home and to flee to a foreign country? How does an unaccompanied refugee child perceive the exodus? How do the unaccompanied refugee children handle their situation during the flight and at arrival in Sweden?The study is based on a qualitative method and consists in semi-structured interviews with five unaccompanied refugee children aged 17 to 21. The theoretical framework is based on three theoretical concepts; refugee crisis, identity and coping.The study results show that these children are a very vulnerable group, who were forced to be exposed to several losses and traumas.

Syftet med studien är att studera lärarens intentioner och hur elever uppfattar lärarens budskap inom kemi på gymnasieskolan. Metoden jag använt mig av är Stimulated Recall. Genom att jag observerat och filmat lektionerna, där jag har träffat lärare och elever var för sig för att reflektera över lektionstillfället. De reflektionsfrågor jag använt mig av är mallen för en så kallad CoRe, som Berry, Loughran & Mulhall (2003) från Australien har utformat. Det är ett reflektionsverktyg men även ett sätt för att exemplifiera PCK (pedagogical content knowledge).

Sveriges Radio stores their data in large archives which makes it hard to retrieve specific information. The sheer size of the archives makes retrieving information about a specific event difficult and causes a big problem. To solve this problem a more consistent use of metadata is needed. This resulted in an investigation about metadata and keyword genera-tion.The appointed task was to automatically generate keywords from transcribed radio shows. This included an investigation of which systems and algorithms that can be used to generate keywords, based on previous works.

Due to exploitation of the world?s rivers, the upstream migration of anadromous species is frequently delayed or even prevented. To mitigate these problems and allow fish to migrate past obstacles, structures such as fish ladders have been developed. However, recent studies show that many of the present fish passage facilities are deficient. Monitoring and evaluation of passage facilities is therefore crucial to enable necessary adjustments.

Prisons are for many an unknown world, and few know about the prison culture which includes unwritten rules, power structures, interactions and relationships between inmates and correctional employees.While many think that Swedish prisons are too comfortable,inmates are facing extreme stress due to surveillance and detention, by depriving inmates their possibility to shape their own lives. When the inmates is deprived of control over their own life?s the penal system have great power to shape and to influence the inmates.The purpose of this paper is to investigate prisoners' experiences of treatment and exercise of power in prisons. Starting point is to examine what are the kinds of relationships between prison officers and inmates from a power perspective, if there is any difference between the closed and open prisons and how the inmates affected by the structures that exist.Based on my overall purpose, and with my informant´s stories which revealed a number of similar points, four main headings were developed; Mass media and society´s view, and unknown world, interaction between inmates and prison officers and consequences.Prison officers with the role as a contact persons as well and other staff which work close to the inmates play a significant role by supporting through motivational interviewing and can help the inmates to gain insight about their life situation and actions. My informant?s underlined that a good contact person can either help or discourage.Inmates who contributed with their experiences express that there is a big difference between open-and closed prisons.

I den reviderade läroplanen för förskolan har intresset för och kunnandet om naturvetenskapfått en mer framträdande roll än i den tidigare upplagan. Något som de båda upplagorna hargemensamt är miljöns betydelse för barnens utveckling och lärande, samt tillvaratagandet avbarnens nyfikenhet och utforskande. Detta väckte vår nyfikenhet gällande vilka möten ocherfarenheter av naturvetenskap barn kan uppleva under utevistelsen på en förskola, samtvilka möjligheter respektive hinder pedagogerna ser med utemiljön som en lärandmiljögällande naturvetenskapliga fenomen.I forskningsbakgrunden behandlas vad naturvetenskap har för plats i dagens förskolan, samthur relationen natur-naturvetenskap-människa sett ut genom tiderna. Naturens verkan på ossmänniskor behandlas också då de ingår i naturvetenskap, samt för att det pågår forskninginom området som tyder på en koppling mellan natur, djur och välbefinnande som i sin turär förutsättningar för lärande.Det empiriska materialet är inhämtat via videoobservationer och metoden Stimulated recall.Utifrån studiens syfte har vi ställt frågor som: Hur belyser ni naturvetenskap i verksamhetenutifrån Lpfö 98/10? Hur tolkar du naturvetenskap i Lpfö 98/10? I resultatet kan vi se att detfinns en medvetenhet hos pedagogerna angående utevistelsen men att det kan hamna iskymundan på grund av säkerhetsskäl..

This thesis examines the effects of proximity operators and query expansion with synonyms on retrieval performance. The queries were expanded with synonyms and structured with proximity operators where the permitted distance between terms varied from 1 to 3. The expansion terms were selected from the online lexical reference system WordNet. Initial query terms were selected from 28 topics that contained compound words and were chosen on the basis of their expandibility. The English morphological analyser ENGTWOL was used for normalization of query terms.

I den reviderade läroplanen för förskolan har intresset för och kunnandet om naturvetenskapfått en mer framträdande roll än i den tidigare upplagan. Något som de båda upplagorna hargemensamt är miljöns betydelse för barnens utveckling och lärande, samt tillvaratagandet avbarnens nyfikenhet och utforskande. Detta väckte vår nyfikenhet gällande vilka möten ocherfarenheter av naturvetenskap barn kan uppleva under utevistelsen på en förskola, samtvilka möjligheter respektive hinder pedagogerna ser med utemiljön som en lärandmiljögällande naturvetenskapliga fenomen.I forskningsbakgrunden behandlas vad naturvetenskap har för plats i dagens förskolan, samthur relationen natur-naturvetenskap-människa sett ut genom tiderna. Naturens verkan på ossmänniskor behandlas också då de ingår i naturvetenskap, samt för att det pågår forskninginom området som tyder på en koppling mellan natur, djur och välbefinnande som i sin turär förutsättningar för lärande.Det empiriska materialet är inhämtat via videoobservationer och metoden Stimulated recall.Utifrån studiens syfte har vi ställt frågor som: Hur belyser ni naturvetenskap i verksamhetenutifrån Lpfö 98/10? Hur tolkar du naturvetenskap i Lpfö 98/10? I resultatet kan vi se att detfinns en medvetenhet hos pedagogerna angående utevistelsen men att det kan hamna iskymundan på grund av säkerhetsskäl..

Prisons are for many an unknown world, and few know about the prison culture which includes unwritten rules, power structures, interactions and relationships between inmates and correctional employees.While many think that Swedish prisons are too comfortable,inmates are facing extreme stress due to surveillance and detention, by depriving inmates their possibility to shape their own lives. When the inmates is deprived of control over their own life?s the penal system have great power to shape and to influence the inmates.The purpose of this paper is to investigate prisoners' experiences of treatment and exercise of power in prisons. Starting point is to examine what are the kinds of relationships between prison officers and inmates from a power perspective, if there is any difference between the closed and open prisons and how the inmates affected by the structures that exist.Based on my overall purpose, and with my informant´s stories which revealed a number of similar points, four main headings were developed; Mass media and society´s view, and unknown world, interaction between inmates and prison officers and consequences.Prison officers with the role as a contact persons as well and other staff which work close to the inmates play a significant role by supporting through motivational interviewing and can help the inmates to gain insight about their life situation and actions. My informant?s underlined that a good contact person can either help or discourage.Inmates who contributed with their experiences express that there is a big difference between open-and closed prisons.

The contents of the school subject religion in Sweden, has gone through a radical change during the past century. With an origin of only treating Christianity and being a major cultural and social actor, it has developed into more of a multicultural and philosophical subject. The fact that the subject no longer has cultural recognition makes it more abstract and harder for students to relate to. Additionally, religion is experienced as a rather dull subject in school. My essay is therefore written to provide teachers encouragement of interest for religious education, by using humor. The well-known psychologist Jean Piaget claims play to be a prime state of learning.

This thesis deals with one of the main questions within information science: The question about controlled and uncontrolled vocabulary and which of the two that are most effective when it comes to retrieve relevant information from electronic databases. The method used here is literature studies. I have described and examined five empirical studies which has been done in purpose to compare the effectiveness in retrieval with controlled and uncontrolled vocabulary, in the way they are used in retrieval of information in databases. The studies I have examined have also used recall and precision as a value to measure the effectiveness of retrieval. The studies which I have chosen is also limited to deal only with studies that have been done in bibliographic databases.

AbstractThe main objective of this essay is to come to an understanding as to why girls, together in groups, walk against the conventional image of women and take on more violent and aggressive behaviour against their surroundings. In this essay I hope to gain an understanding of how ?girl gangs? work as a social phenomenon as well as identify the characteristics of these gangs. Furthermore, this essay aims to understand what role the violence and aggression plays in the lives of these girl?s.The following questions are the focus of the essay:? Why have girls in groups become more aggressive and violent?? What is characteristic for ?the girl gangs? as a social phenomenon?? What role does the girls? aggressive behaviour play in their life?The essay touches on an escalating problem within society, which has received considerable attention in the media lately.

ABSTRACTBjelkenbrant, Pernilla, 2006: ANC-galan i Göteborg 1985: en analys av sången Soweto som politisk mobilisering (The ANC gala in Gothenburg in 1985: an analysis of the song Soweto as a means of political mobilisation)The political scientists Abdul Karim Bangura, Ove Nordenmark and Tor Sellström, all believe that there, during the 1980s, existed a strong and unified ?Swedish? attitude against the South African apartheid system, and Sellström points out that this position had a strong anchorage in the ANC gala in Gothenburg in 1985. Over the past few years, singing has been identified as playing a crucial role in the struggle against apartheid. The aim of this study is twofold: firstly it presents a comprehensive discussion on how song is generally considered a tool of political mobilisation, secondly it discusses how that process can be applied to the ANC-gala. Consequently, the theoretical discussion constitutes the initial part of the study.