Complete Tumour regression is the optimal outcome of cancer therapies. There are however types of Tumours that naturally regress. Most of these are benign, dermatological and have an early onset in life. This literature study aims to elucidate the mechanisms behind spontaneous Tumour regression. In Libechov Melanoblastoma-Bearing minipigs, an animal-model specifically bred to develop malignant melanoma, the Tumours usually involute within three months.

This literature study aims to examine the existence of cancer stem cells in breast cancer. The cancer stem cell theory states that there is a hierarchical organization within a Tumour, in which a small subpopulation of the cells can initiate new Tumours and maintain Tumour growth whilst the bulk of the Tumour cannot. These Tumour initiating cells have shown to possess many characteristics similar to those of adult stem cells, which is why they are often referred to as cancer stem cells. Both cell types have the capacity of asymmetric division and have shown to possess mechanisms of resistance to both apoptosis and cancer drugs. The cancer stem cell theory elucidates many biological aspects such as the heterogeneity of Tumours and the relapse of many cancers after what appeared to be successful treatments.

The WT1 gene is a complex gene originally known to suppress cancer in kidneys. Studies of WT1 knockout mice have confirmed the important role of WT1 in the pathogenesis of Wilms? Tumour, a Tumour which counts for 95% of all childhood renal Tumours. In that case the WT1 gene acts as a Tumour suppressor gene. Subsequent research has shown that the WT1 gene in many other cases acts as an oncogene, e g in leukemia or lung cancer (even though these cancer forms can emerge as a result of many other aetiological factors).

Malt lymphoma is a malignant disease that can arise in a variety of extra nodal sites. Previous studies indicate that Tumour arise from more mature B-cells.Our purpose was to examine the presence of clonality and somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin (IgV?) of MALT lymphomas.Paraffin-embedded Tumour samples from13 MALT lymphoma were subjected to rearrangement analysis, by using PCR, heteroduplex gels and sequence analysis.Successful amplification was seen in 10/13 cases and sequences of IgV? genes were obtained in 6/13, all of them were mutated. The percentage of mutation compared to germline sequences was 1,1% to 8,6% monoclonal rearrangemang. It was demonstrated that 5 of 7 clones were derived from the V?3 family, 2 from V?1 and 1 from the V? 4 family..

Tumour development occurs to a large extent because of dysregulation of the cell cycle. Of particular importance are defects occurring in the G1 phase. The reason why G1 is critical is because of the influence of several signals (external signals as well as cyclins and cdks) on this stage. The G1 phase can be divided into two parts, G1pm and G1ps. Each part has its ?own? restriction point which needs to be passed in order to progress to S phase.

Lymphoma is a group of malignant Tumour diseases developing in the secondary lymphatic system. These diseases can develop in all organs as lymphocytes are ubiquitously in the body. In connection to mucus membranes we find mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, MALT, in which lymphoma can spontaneously but slowly develop, mostly at chronic inflammation or at autoimmune diseases. Today these diseases are incureable with the exception of some cases caused by Helicobacter pylori-infection. Antibiotic treatment of these cases can induce remissions.MALT-lymphomas have characteristic histological and molecular properties.

The purpose of this study is to describe melanotic Tumours and the pathogenesis of these Tumours. The focus of this study is on differences between benign and malignant Tumours as well as the prognosis one may expect when diagnosing this disease. The mechanisms responsible for the occurrences of the Tumours are not yet fully understood. It is believed that factors such as chronic trauma, infections, medications and hormones affect the cell mechanisms in some way. Determinants of the malignancy of the Tumour are not completely known.

Determination of serum thymidine kinase 1 (TK-1) activity is used as a Tumour marker in both human and veterinary medicine. TK-1 is an intracellular enzyme involved in a salvage pathway of DNA synthesis. The expression of TK-1 is cell cycle dependent and the activity increases markedly after the G1 to S transition in the cell cycle and then declines rapidly in G2. The pronounced proliferative activity in Tumour cells result in a higher TK-1 enzyme activity within the cell. The fact that the increased TK-1 activity can be measured in serum makes TK-1 a useful marker in diagnostics of neoplastic diseases and it provides information regarding prognosis and treatment effectiveness. In human medicine a radioactive based test is used to determine the TK-1 serum activity.

Picropodophyllin (PPP) is an analogue of the anti Tumour lignan podophyllotoxin with the unique ability to selectively inhibit the receptor of Insulin like growth factor 1(IGF-1). IGF-1 is believed to play an important part in development of the endometrium facing implantation. With PPP treated mice, studies can be made to measure gene expression from tissue of both treated and untreated mice to compare the role of IGF-1 regarding ovulation, implantation and receptivity. The aim of this study was to analyze gene expression of some steroid hormone receptors and cytokines in ovaries from mice treated with PPP. In this study, seven mice were treated with PPP at different times and tissue was collected.

Jönköping Small Animal Hospital is today the only clinic in Sweden to offer radiation therapy as a treatment of Tumours. The body contains of billions of cells that all have to obey the regulations that are established. If a cell is exposed to a harmful substance, for example a chemical, it can be transformed into a Tumourcell. Normally the body has a good defence but the Tumourcell can survive and start to divide unrestrained. A Tumour is starting to develop.

Detta är en litteraturstudie av sjukdomen Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD) som drabbar tasmansk djävul. De lever i vilt tillstånd på ön Tasmanien som ligger utanför Australiens södra kust. Tasmanska djävular är köttätande pungdjur i ungefär samma storlek som en rödräv. De är nattaktiva och lever ensamma, förutom vid konkurrens om föda och under parningsperioden då de möter andra tasmanska djävular. Vid dessa möten blir det ofta slagsmål för att göra upp rangordningen. DFTD ger stora tumörer i munhåla, ansikte och halsregion samt eventuella metastaser.

The histiocytic diseases are generally rare in dogs and not much is known about the disease. The disease complex that includes both a reactive form and a Tumour form, is however common in certain breeds, among them the Bernese Mountain Dog. As the literature is very limited on the subject of histiocytic diseases, my aim with this thesis has been to gather current knowledge of these diseases. I have also attempted to estimate the frequency of the diseases among the Swedish Bernese Mountain Dogs and investigate if they appear to be more common among certain families..

The purpose of this study is to describe melanotic Tumours and the pathogenesis of these Tumours. The focus of this study is on differences between benign and malignant Tumours as well as the prognosis one may expect when diagnosing this disease. The mechanisms responsible for the occurrences of the Tumours are not yet fully understood. It is believed that factors such as chronic trauma, infections, medications and hormones affect the cell mechanisms in some way. Determinants of the malignancy of the Tumour are not completely known.

The purpose of this study is to describe melanotic Tumours and the pathogenesis of these Tumours. The focus of this study is on differences between benign and malignant Tumours as well as the prognosis one may expect when diagnosing this disease. The mechanisms responsible for the occurrences of the Tumours are not yet fully understood. It is believed that factors such as chronic trauma, infections, medications and hormones affect the cell mechanisms in some way. Determinants of the malignancy of the Tumour are not completely known.

An inflammatory reaction is induced after release of proinflammatory mediators such asinterleukin 1 and 6 and Tumour necrosis factor ?. These mediators stimulate the liver tosuppress the syntheses of albumin and endure the syntheses of acute phase protein forinstance C-reactive protein. The aim of this paper was to perform a method validation on animmune turbidimetric assay to quantify C-reactive protein in canine serum at the laboratory atSkara Animals Hospital, Skara, Sweden. The validation involved evaluation of the assaylinearity, precision, stability and recovery.The method was proved to be linear for both TruLab control and Medinor control.