Triage är ett relativt nytt begrepp inom svensk akutsjukvård ochdet är först under senare år som användandet brett ut sig överlandets akutmottagningar. Internationellt sett har utvecklingengått snabbare och bland annat Kanada och Australien har ett väletablerat triagesystem. Triage används för att prioritera sökandepatienters turordning och ett effektivt triagesystem visar påmånga fördelar. Enligt Hälso- och sjukvårdslagen ska förtur gestill de patienter som är i störst behov av vård. Att fatta beslut omen patients triagenivå kan vara en svår uppgift försjuksköterskan.

Sedan år 2005 har personal vid Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset utvecklat ett triage system utifrån Manchester triage system till det svenska Medical Emergency Triage and Treatment System (METTS). Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om METTS är ett stöd för ambulanssjuksköterskor/sjuksköterskor i deras bedömning av patienter. En kvantitativ design har valts genom att samla in enkäter från två olika län i Sverige. Insamlad data sammanställdes via statistikprogrammet Statistical Packagefor Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 och analyserades i deskriptiv och analytisk statistik. I resultatet framkom det att METTS var ett system som hjälpte sjuksköterskorna i ambulansen i sin bedömning av patienter prehospitalt.

Assessment is considered one of the most important tools used today by people in almost everything they do and learn. This also applies to school, where assessment is considered as a constant companion to teaching and used in order to develop students' learning and skills. Assessment is also an educational necessity which has different purposes and therefore different consequences.                                                                                                                        The idea of ??this thesis was on the basis of the interviewed teacher's perspective to investigate what role the formative assessment has on the development of pupils' learning and knowledge in mathematics for primary education, and explore how the teacher can, according to my informants, work with this assessment practice in the classroom so that it promotes the learning of the students in the best possible way.                                                                To carry out this study, I used qualitative research studies, the interview method, and also talked to five different teachers in the lower school ages on their view at the work of the formative assessment. Theoretical basis of the thesis is also based on the research that says that the assessment can be used to promote student learning and knowledge, but also the teacher's learning?s in the educational process: assessment can and should be an assessment for learning.

Inledning: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att testa interbedömarreliabiliteten för det i Sverige vanligaste triageinstrumentet Rapid Emergency Triage and Treatment System (RETTS). Instrumentet består av 42 kontaktorsaker (ESS) som kombinerat med mätta vitalparametrar, t.ex. blodtryck och puls, ger en triagefärg. För att kunna bedriva evidensbaserad omvårdnad krävs att instrument, skalor och metoder är valida och reliabla. Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärdering anser att RETTS saknar både validitets- och reliabilitetsdata.Metod: Två ESS från instrumentet valdes.

För att underlätta och kvalitetssäkra dettidiga/prehospitala medicinskaomhändertagandet har olika hjälpmedel, såkallade beslutsstöd utvecklats. RETTS är ettav dessa beslutsstöd som används inomprehospital medicin för att triagera patienten.Genom att arbeta med triage bedöms denmedicinska svårighetsgraden samt identifierasde patienter som har störst samt lägstvårdbehov. Syftet med studien var attundersöka specialistutbildadeambulanssjuksköterskors upplevelser av attarbeta med RETTS som beslutsstöd i sambandmed prehospital omvårdnad. Studiengenomfördes med kvalitativ design genomintervjuer med ambulanssjuksköterskor somvarit yrkesverksamma minst två år innanRETTS beslutsstöd infördes i Region Halland.I resultatet framkom följande fyra kategorier;strukturerat hjälpmedel, ett tryggtomhändertagande, bra kommunikation samtkräver erfarenhet. Vi rekommenderar attvidare forskning fokuserar på patienternasupplevelser av att bli triagerade utifrånRETTS, för att identifiera och belysaytterligare för- och nackdelar med RETTSbeslutsstöd..

The aim of this study was to examine the students' perspectives on formative assessment, partly about how students perceived the assessment in general, partly about what students' opinions were on formative assessment, and partly about students' view of how assessment could be organized to stimulate learning process.  The study consisted of qualitative interviews with six students in grades one in an upper secondary school.The survey showed that students primarily perceived assessment with summative purpose: tests and scores.  Majority of the students experienced that there were too many tests occasions.  Those high-performing students were positive to tests.  However, those lower-performing students felt more negative and became more stressful with the exams.Results showed that they were lack of experience of formative assessment.  All the six students thought that they had not got any chance to involve in the assessments process.  They realized that they had not got adequate feedback about their learning-situations.  With regard to students' wishes about how assessment could be developed in order to improve their learning, it was mainly about more and concrete feedback on tests and assignments.Two models were developed in the final discussion, which showed the author's own perception of formative and summative assessments..

This study examines assessment and how the teaching staff at one school reason around equivalent assessment. More specifically, it aims at studying what obstacles and possibilities the teachers identify to achieve this. Furthermore, the study wishes to gain insight about the current state of the equivalent assessment within the examined teaching staff. The study is based on five semi-structured interviews as well as previous research on the subject matter. To deepen the understanding and highlight case problems that surround assessment, the participating teachers also assess an authentic essay.

The aim of this study was to investigate what formative assessment means and get information about how teachers? assessment practice in formative assessment can look like, based on five key strategies. I have observed five teachers in grade 4 to 6 during a week of their mathematics teaching. Formative assessment is assessment for learning and has the purpose to support students? knowledge development.

Issues related to knowledge assessment and its consequences for both the individual and the entire school system are topical in today's school debate. The mere fact that didactic issues that focus on assessment are discussed actively not only in scholastic environments but even in media and other communities is further proof that knowledge assessment is an important and complex phenomenon in our lives.The subject that I have chosen to look into is about how the work with assessment issues is handled in Swedish as well as Russian elementary school's early years. The goal with this study is to see how my studies have been conducted with a qualitative approach by which I collected qualitative information in the form of documents, papers and interviews. To make the approach even more appropriate for my area of research, I have chosen to merge two qualitative research methods. The first is a qualitative content analysis which analyses the governing documents.

Bakgrund: I Sverige har akutmottagningar i landet ungefär 2,5 miljoner patientbesök per/år. Akutmottagningar brukar vara stressfyllda miljöer med hög patientomsättning, möten är rutinmässiga och utrymmet för individuellt anpassad vård är begränsat. Patienterna blir vid ankomst bedömda och prioriterade utifrån triage, för att försäkra att patienten med de mest brådskande behoven blir omhändertagen först. Efter triagen får de flesta patienterna vänta, ibland i flera timmar.Syfte: Att belysa patientperspektivet av att vara patient på akutmottagningar inom den svenska hälso- och sjukvården.Metod: Litteraturstudie, sökningar av artiklar genomfördes i databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed, vilket resulterande i 9 kvalitativa och 2 kvantitativa artiklar. Analysen inspirerades av kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: 5 teman identifierades: Att vara patient under triagen, att vara patient under väntetider.

Bakgrund: Triage anva?nds fo?r att bedo?ma och prioritera patienter. Vanligast sker detta av sjuksko?terskor pa? akutmottagningar. Sjuksko?terskorna som arbetar med triage har en sva?r uppgift att se till att ra?tt hja?lp kommer till ra?tt patient.

The aim of this study is to investigate how mathematics teachers use formative assessment to make the course objectives clear to the student. This is part of a wider aim in Sweden to find ways for improving mathematics teaching. Qualitative semi-structrured interviews and observations were used for collecting data. Different approaches to integrate formative assessment in their classrooms is discussed: questioning, discussions in whole-class, group work and assessment and feedback. The analysis of the results indicated that the teachers thought differently about how to integrate the course objectives in their planning.

In the current situation there is not much written about assessment of laboratory work, and the majority of the working physics teachers are retiring and there are only a few newly qualified physics teachers. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how physics teachers assess laboratory work within upper secondary schools, with Gy2011 in mind. The new grade system, Gy2011, has a larger focus on the laboratory work then the earlier system Lpf 94. Skolverket has in their man-ual with examples of assessment two different sorts of laboratory experiments. The first assess-ment is regarding the planning of a laboratory work and the other about how able the pupil exe-cutes laboratory work.

Bakgrund: Målet med triage är att rätt vårdinsats ska nå rätt patient i rätt tid och ett flertalolika system används för att underlätta prioriteringen. Beslutsfattandet är en central del iarbetet med triage och sannolikhetsbedömningar baserade på sjuksköterskans tidigareupplevelser har en viktig funktion. Travelbee presenterar sin syn om att kommunikationmellan sjuksköterska och patient är ett medel för att nå en mellanmänsklig relation och föratt kunna tillhandahålla omvårdnad. Kompetens kan beskrivas som individens samladeförmåga att identifiera, bedöma och utföra nödvändiga åtgärder. Utvecklingen av kompetensbeskrivs av Benner och består av fem steg.

Background: Patients postoperative pain is often underestimated. Untreated or undertreated pain decreases the chance of optimal recovery after surgery. Pain assessment is an important factor of efficient pain relief. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to describe factors of importance for nurses´ assessment of postoperative pain in patients. Method: A literature study was done where qualitative and one quantitative article was reviewed.