Inom psykiatrisk verksamhet händer det att patienter tar sitt liv under pågående behandling eller i direkt anslutning till en behandlingsperiod. Enligt patientsäkerhetsförordningen måste dessa händelser rapporteras och utredas. Syftet med patientsäkerhetsförordningen är att den ska främja hög patientsäkerhet inom hälso- och sjukvård genom att minska antalet vårdskador, oavsett om bristerna beror på systemfel eller på att vårdpersonal begått misstag. Fokus är således på ett patientperspektiv, därför känns det angeläget att studera upplevelser som väcks hos olika grupper av vårdgivare när en patient begår suicid.Frågeställningar: Behandlares upplevelser när en patient gör suicid.Metod: En kvalitativ intervju på fenomenologisk grund genomfördes med fem vårdgivare i psykiatrisk verksamhet, två sjuksköterskor med steg 1 utbildning och tre skötare.Resultat: Upplevelser hos vårdgivare som är med om en patients suicid kännetecknas av chock, traumatisk stress och sorg. Det väcks också tankar som rör den egna professionen och i en del fall oro för följder av beslut som i efterhand kan bedömas vara felaktiga.Diskussion: När vårdgivare intervjuas om sina upplevelser efter en patients suicid, berättas om olika reaktioner som inte uppmärksammats nämnvärt.

En amputation är avlägsnande av en kroppsdel och sker vid trauma eller tillfällen då det inte finns någon annan medicinsk eller kirurgisk lösning. Förutom trauma, som globalt är den vanligaste orsaken till amputation, är försämrad blodcirkulation en ofta förekommande orsak till LLA (Lower Limb Amputation). Livskvalitet bygger på en holistisk syn på människan och innefattar upplevelsen av ett givande och tillfredställande liv. Förlusten av en kroppsdel innebär en stor livsomställning med ett flertal faktorer som upplevs påverka livskvaliteten. Dessa faktorer är hantering av den nya livssituationen, benprotesen, depression och ångest, smärta, funktion och ADL, kroppsbild och sexualitet.Syftet var att beskriva faktorer som påverkar individers upplevelse av livskvalitet efter en benamputationFaktorer som påverkar den upplevda livskvaliteten hos personer efter en LLA är benprotesens påverkan på funktion och ADL, depression och ångest, smärta och fantomsmärta, kroppsbild och sexualitet.

This study is based on interviews with four youths that have been treated for problems such as drugabuse and criminality. The aim of this master´s thesis is to examine the youths experiences with the treatment they received, but also to examine how they look upon their own lifesituations. The study is presented in categories developed through the use of Grounded theory. The result points out that the treatment can be summarized mainly in two aspects- one concerning care and one concerning control. The first aspect includes supportive and friendly staff while control in this context stands for rules and supervision of different kinds.

AbstractBackground: Plantar fasciitis is the most common heel injury and is a long-term pain syndrom in the attachment of the plantar fascia to the calcaneus bone. The condition is treated mainly in primary care, but there is currently no treatment guideline for the treatment of plantar fasciitis in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate which treatment that occurred in primary care in Dalarna, Gävleborg and Västmanland counties, which treatments that were most common alone and in combination with each other. The aim was also to investigate if the four most commonly used treatment methods as physical therapists said they had used were supported in the literature, and if there was any difference between county employees and private physical therapists in the choice of treatment method.Method: 100 physiotherapists in primary care in Dalarna, Gävleborg and Västmanland counties, received a questionnaire by mail. 80 of the 100 physiotherapists were county employees and 20 were private employees.

Pharmaceuticals that are found in marine ecosystems are a threatening environmental concern, which is known to harm both animal and plant life. One of the reasons for this problem is that the waste water treatment techniques are not optimized to clear waste water from its pharmaceuticals contain. In this master thesis four Swedish treatment wetlands were studied, and their ability to reduce numerous pharmaceuticals in waste water. The four treatment wetlands that were studied were those in Oxelösund, Trosa, Nynäshamn and Eskilstuna. Two ecotoxicological tests and chemical analysis were used.

At present indoor tethering of dairy cows is still common but is not predicted to take part of modern dairy production. When conducting scientific studies of cattle it is generally necessary to tether the animals to maintain a controlled environment. Studies confirm that tethering and confinements of cattle severely affects the development of stereotypies in cattle. The feeding regime and feeding level have an immense affect on the stereotypi level in cattle. The aim of this experiment was to study dairy heifers that had never been tethered before the start of the experiment, to evaluate the affect of tethering on the development of stereotypies and the impact of the feeding regime on the behavior of the animals. Sixteen dairy heifers were tethered in a tie stall and divided in two groups with different treatments. Heifers in treatment E were fed restrictedly with silage and treatment EH was fed with the same amount of silage but also straw ad libitum.

Treatment wetlands been showed efficient for reducing pollutant in waste water. In Lajeado ? RS, Brazil the landfill has poor leachate water treatment. It is necessary to supplement the treatment plant because they need to reduce BOD, COD and nitrate of the water going to recipient. A subsurface flow wetland (SSF) can be a good choice.  In order to be able to design an efficient SSF it is important to understand how the grain sizes of a substrate affect the reducing of pollutants in waste water.

Sjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvården har ett varierande yrke. Ingen dag är den andra lik och av sjuksköterskor krävs snabba beslut och ett lugnande arbetssätt. I ett rum kan en patient vårdas för en fiskekrok i fingret medan patienten i rummet bredvid är döende. Detta kan göra att personalen mår dålig och blir stressad vilket kan leda till brister i omvårdnaden mot patienterna. Syftet med studien var att undersöka och beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av avlastningssamtal.

Bakgrund: ?Compassion fatigue? (CF) är ett begrepp som syftar på fenomenet att människor, däribland sjuksköterskor, som arbetar med människor, kan drabbas av en slags professionell utbrändhet. Utbrändheten uppstår i mötet med den andra partens (patientens) lidande och trauma och yttrandet av tillståndet följer ett klassiskt stressmönster. Arbetsomständigheter, vissa personlighetsdrag såsom hög empatisk förmåga hos sjuksköterskan har identifierats som eventuella riskfaktorer till CF. Det finns behov av att vidare utreda vad CF är, vad det orsakas av och hur tillståndet kan lindras och motarbetas.

Background: Men that have gone through treatment for prostate cancer may lose their sexuality as result of treatment. The sexual ability might symbolize manliness, despite age and sexual activities. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to describe; Influence on sexuality and the daily life for men with prostatecancer and their experience of informationneeds. Method: The material for the literature study was searched through databases; 13 scientific articles were selected and two articles through manual search, all 15 articles were examined. Result: Five categories were found in the result of the literature study; physical dimension, emotional/mental dimension, social/practical dimension and informationneeds.

Better, more efficient fertilizers with great productivity and economic returns are needed, but it is important today to find fertilizers that are also sustainable. It is also important to carefully monitor their impact on the environment, including potential side-effects. In this context, the microbial communities that carry out numerous essential functions contributing to a functional ecosystem are of particular interest. The present study is a complement to a pot experiment that investigated the potential of different waste products for use as fertilizers and how they affect the microbial community. In the pot experiment, the clearest treatment change in microorganism community function was found in the fully fertilized treatment used as a positive control. The question was whether this was indirect, i.e.

In times of increased flooding, enhanced by climate change, polluted stormwater poses an increased threat to the environment through contaminated water entering waterways. Bioretention utilizes natural processes in soil and vegetation to treat pollutants and combat this threat. Biochar produced through pyrolysis, has a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and could therefore increase treatment in bioretention systems. This research applies a literature review, interview, and a model to explore the benefits and disadvantages of biochar in order to specify a soil-mix through an understanding of the production process and preferred application rate. High purification through CEC, increased water holding capacity, and carbon sequestration being the benefits discussed.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor som arbetar på akutmottagningar förväntas ha en hög kompetens inom traumavård. Med hög kompetens menas att de utför ett komplext och avancerat arbete och har ett stort ansvar i det initiala omhändertagandet av traumapatienter. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors självskattade kompetens inom traumavård på en akutmottagning Metod: Studien är empirisk suveystudie med kvantitativ data som samlades in genom att en enkät delades ut till sjuksköterskor på en akutmottagning. Sjuksköterskorna fick skatta sin kompetens inom traumavård utifrån svensk sjuksköterskeförenings sex kärnkompetenser samt efter deras formella och kliniska kompetens. Resultat: Huvudresultatet är att nästan alla (94%) av sjuksköterskorna vårdar traumapatienter oavsett erfarenhet och formell utbildning.

The aim is that on the basis of interviews with personnel and clients examine whichexperiences they have of the drug abuse programme and its implementation. To be able toanswer the aim following question has been formulated: (1) What do the personnel and clientthink about the drug abuse program arrangement? (2) In which extend is the programimplemented as thought? (3) How do the personnel assesses the client?s participation? (4)How does the client?s think about their own participation in the program? (5) Do the client?sthink that the program have been helpful in their personal development? A qualitativemethod was chosen and has used a semi structured interview. Total has ten interviews beenimplemented on Rällsögården, five with clients and five with personnel. The study'sinterpretation framework builds on research around drug abuse treatment and theories andmethods that lie to shallow for the drug abuse programme.

Problem: How is Lean, a production-focused model being applied to non-productive focused industries.Purpose: To examine how Lean has been applied to the department of Turbuhaler-Kvalitetskontroll and which parts have been successfully applied.Problem statement: How does the implementation of Lean?s basic concept, which originated in the car industry, differentiate itself from the implementation of Lean in the pharmaceutical industry, in this case the department of Turbuhaler-Kvalitetskontroll at AstraZeneca.Conclusions: The department has had success in its implementation of lean. They have developed and modified the basic concept in order to apply it and excluded the parts they did not consider necessary. Through their work they have accomplished numerous improvements in, among other things, the reduction of lead time. .