Bakgrund: Varje år insjuknar flera hundra patienter i njursvikt i Sverige och i början av 2011 var det cirka 3000 patienten i hemodialys. Tidigare forskning visar att dialysen påverkar patienten på många olika sätt bland annat genom kroppsliga besvär så som trötthet och nutritionsbesvär som leder till begränsningar, det har framkommit att det är viktigt att patienten får känna sig delaktig och har en kunskap om sin sjukdom. Syfte: Studiens syfte har varit att beskriva livsförändringar för njursviktspatienter som genomgår hemodialys. Metod: Examensarbetet är ett kvalitativ deskriptivt arbete, baserad på 9 intervjuer med njursviktspatienter som behandlas med hemodialys och i analysen användes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visar att livet i hemodialys upplevs som fångenskap att livet är begränsat både i form av tid men även den egna kroppens begränsningar.

The purpose of this study was to examine two medium-sized municipalities are working to people with intellectual disabilities the opportunity to go from daily activities to a paid employment in the regular labor. Work is seen as a civil right and is a measure of participa-tion in society. The Swedish government believes that the work must be available to all that includes people with intellectual disabilities. Even so, daily activities, the contribution of LSS is increases the most. The daily activities will offer incentives, development, and community and shall contribute to people get access to work or studies.

Since 1987 until November 2010, the entrepreneurs who choose to conduct its? company in the Swedish corporate form aktiebolag had no opportunity to evade or deselect the mandatory audit. The only choice that really was there to make was to which audit firm they would turn to and the Swedish auditor?s position was rather unchallenged. Today the circumstances are different and the small businesses have been given a chance to take charge of their own situation now being able to remove the auditor.

Taiwan has over the past thirty years experienced a substantial political transformation. Being ruled by Chinese nationalists since World War II, Taiwan started its democratic Transition in the late eighties. The new democratic system did not only provide people with freedom to vote, it also marked the beginning of a search for a new national identity. Based on the international theory of constructivism, this paper defines and studies the Taiwanese people?s progression away from a dominant Chinese national identity towards a uniquely defined Taiwanese identity.

The aim of this essay is to examine three separate Swedish public libraries and their respective websites on the grounds of the usability sciences. I firstly had to summarize the main properties of the usability-field in order to gain an extended knowledge of its purposes and possible usage for today?s library systems. I was then able to apply the extended knowledge in the examination of the three library websites and the purpose of determining whether or not they were designed according to the standards set by the usability-sciences.Usability is a rather new science that deals with the dissection and examination of computer-based systems, in order to find the key components that make systems user-friendlier. With user needs being the main focus of its research, usability tries to meet all the different needs of the modern user and construct systems that are less system-centered and more user-centered.

In Sweden we have the highest rate of nontraditional students among Europe. Coincidently, we also have the highest rates of drop outs among OECD. In this particular field, drop out from higher education, there is a need fore more qualitative studies that can support the "statistics". Studies about experiences of drop outs are significant for society, university and individual. The aim of this study is to describe and understand how nontraditional student experiences drop out from higher education.

This essay has the ambition to examine and compare Croatia?s and Bosnia and Herzegovina?s development towards a consolidated democracy. By applying Linz & Stepen?s theory on how to consolidate a democracy and put focus on political society, behavioral patterns, attitude and constitutional structure the purpose is to find similarities and differences between Bosnia and Croatia within this field.The focus of this study is to compare two similar countries that have developed in very different ways. By applying the theory and a comparative method the purpose is to examine why two so similar countries with so much in common have developed in so different ways?In order to better answer the question there are two part questions and these are:What difficulties, concerning consolidation of democracy, have Croatia and Bosnia faced since the democratic Transition in the beginning of the 1990s?What similarities and differences in the area of democratic consolidation (with focus on political society, behavioral patterns, attitude and constitutional structure) are there between the two countries?As the analysis shows, the main reason why these two countries differ so much is that Bosnia is a divided country with different nationalities and each nationality only wants to realize its own interest and does not care about what is best for the country as an entity.

The transport sector is one of the biggest pollutants in the European Union. In relation to transport policies and environmental policies, intermodal transportation solutions are of high relevance to establish a sustainable transport sector for the future. Intermodality which is defined as smooth Transition between transport modes is a key figure for how modal shares are divided between the modes of transportation. The aim of this bachelor?s thesis is to examine the research gap whether policies intended for a specific transport mode affects each other in relation to EU policies intended for intermodality.

Forskning har visat att blivande pappor, som i denna studie även benämns som män eller förstagångspappa, har svårt att känslomässigt knyta an till graviditeten innan den blir synlig. Informationen och stödet från Mödrahälsovården under graviditeten är främst riktat till kvinnan, vilket gör att män ges en känsla av utanförskap. De beskriver känslor som att bli åsidosatt av barnmorskan vilket ökar känslan av oro. I Sverige har alla föräldrar rätt till föräldrastöd och individuellt anpassat stöd. Hur upplever blivande förstagångspappor sin delaktighet och vad är delaktighet för dem? Syftet med studien är att belysa förstagångspappors upplevelse av delaktighet i alla tänkbara aspekter av graviditet.

I denna uppsats söker vi genom att jämföra en före detta kommunistisk auktoritär stat, exemplet Polen, med en före detta fascistisk auktoritär stat, exemplet Portugal, finna svar på om en socialistisk ideologi gynnas mer i ett före detta fascistiskt system samt, som en bifråga, om dessa stater genom sin historiskt starka koppling till respektive ideologi påverkats i sin omvandling till moderna demokratier.Vi uppnår genom att komparativt studera länderna med inriktning på diktaturens art och medel, de religiösa kopplingarna, övergångsstyret, systemförändringar efter revolutionerna och framför allt dagens partier och deras utveckling våra resultat.Genom arbetets gång kom vi fram till slutsatsen att någon skillnad mellan attityderna till en sccialistisk ideologi inte kunde kopplas till den auktoritära regimen, utan snarare är resultat av internationell påverkan och politiska strömningar bland befolkningen. En viss påverkan av regimtypen på demokratiseringsprocessen kan skönjas, men inte tillräckligt för att få entydiga resultat i denna uppsats..

In the past years the traditional donors of development assistance have been increasingly aware of changes in the donor landscape. This as emerging economies like China and India has undergone a Transition from recieving aid to becoming emerging donors. By identifying and comparing ideas, beliefs and interests pursued using foreign aid between so called emerging and traditional donors, the greater purpose of this thesis is to take a closer look at the alleged changes in the world order. The starting point is Goldstein & Keohanes framework of the impact of ideas and interests in foreign policy and the one of K.J Holsti about institutions as markers metrics of change. The results show that there is no vast difference in interests but a detectable difference in the ideas behind foreign aid.

This investigation aimed to shed light on the terms of the dispensing and the retaining of municipal social benefits granted by Swedish social services, this in regard of a less visible societal subgroup; citizens who cannot attain or retain housing of their own.Through qualitative interviews with six municipal social workers in Skåne, the plight of these citizens is revealed from a policy-making perspective in respect of views on discretion and individual appreciation. How may the applicant impact the application process and how does social subletting operate as a service effort?Further analysis of the accounts of informants? views on change and the reasons for change, sketched an image of a society where public acceptance and tolerance are crucial factors for citizens hoping to achieve a homestead through means of municipal intervention.In conclusion, flexible attitudes towards job description are of major import to the possibility of offering client support in under-staffed municipal environs. Furthermore, reflexive social workers allying with the applicant throughout the process, from application to intervention are decisive for efficacious, long-term social work..

Breakdowns of welded structures are usually a consequence of fatigue loading. Fatigue fractures are commonly initiated in the region close to the weld toe but can also initiate from the weld root and from discontinuities inside the weld. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the weld quality of welded joints produced at Volvo Wheel Loaders factory in Arvika. The goal of the investigation is to give a clearer insight regarding factors influencing the fatigue strength of the welded joints and thereby give a better foundation for fatigue strength calculations.The investigation is including examination of the weld geometry, weld discontinuities and the effects of shot peening. Mainly three different methods for collecting test data have been used: Plastic replicas cast on the weld profile, weld specimens from a rear frame belonging to a wheel loader of model L110E/120E and Almen testing of the shot peening.The results showed that it is not possible to control even Transition between the weld material and the base material without after treatment.

The present essay concerns the Levinasian understanding of responsibility in relation to the two spheres that Levinas introduces in his second major work Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence, namely the Saying and the Said. The essay investigates some of the different meanings that the concept responsibility takes on in regard to these two spheres, and thus also in regard to the separation between the ethical and the political that is apparent in the book. Is it possible to find a politically uttered responsibility in Levinas Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence?The essay wants to emphasize the continuous Transition between the ethical or the Saying and the political or the Said, and vice versa, with the purpose of showing how the two spheres may be conceived simultaneously. By posing the relationship between the two as a reciprocal rather than a oppositional one, the essay aims to suggest that an understanding of responsibility at once must be ethical and political.

Bakgrund: Allt fler barn och ungdomar överlever idag en kronisk sjukdom och behöver överföras till vuxensjukvård. Idag är inte denna Transition/överföringsprocess tillfredsställande utan en förbättring behöver ske.Syfte: Syftet var att identifiera faktorer som är betydelsefulla i samband med överföringsprocessen från barn- till vuxensjukvård hos unga med kronisk sjukdom.Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie genomfördes. Efter urval och granskning genomfördes analys och tolkning. Studien omfattade 23 artiklar som besvarade studiens syfte.Resultat: Efter analys av artiklarna kunde fyra faktorer urskiljas. Information och förberedelse, samarbete mellan barn- och vuxensjukvård, psykosociala faktorer samt vårdgivarnas kompetens och egenskaper.Konklusion: Överföringsprocessen måste förberedas bättre.