This study is a value chain analysis for timber in East Africa. It was commissioned by Vi Agroforestry, a nongovernmental organisation registered in Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania engaged in a rural development program that involves promoting tree planting and enterprise development (Vi Agroforestry, 2012). The purpose of the study was to identify and describe common value chains for timber in the countries where Vi Agroforestry operated. Value chain is a concept and a framework describing how to structure information regarding activities included in satisfying a certain customer need, e.g. procurement, logistics, Transactions, production and marketing.

Background: The trademark is something that surrounds us almost all the time wherever we are. Studies show that brands are becoming increasingly more and more important and that it is important to have a strong trademark. This may be a reason for acquisitions. A business is carried out for various reasons, but usually it is to gain market shares or to get advantages in the market, such as a trademark can help with. A contributory effect on the market can be customer loyalty to the trademark.

Certification systems, that assess companies? work with social and environmental issues, have emerged in an increasing number of industries. Today, there are environmental certifications for the food industry, the forestry, the fisheries sector and several more. In apparel industry, certification for sustainable working conditions has been of major impact. The property sector is no exception from other industries.

Svensk titel:  På återseende om 20 år?Hur hålls relationen mellan kund och företag vid liv på en sällanköpsmarknad?- en studie av HusmanHagbergs relationsmarknadsföringEngelsk titel:  Will we meet again in 20 years?How does the relationship between a customer and company survive on a ?rarely buying market?? ? a study of the relationship marketing of HusmanHagberg Författare:   Emma Anderberg och Maria ÖhmanFärdigställd:  2007Handledare:  Nazeem Seyed-MohamedAbstract:During recent years a focus on the development of good and long-term relationships with the customers has replaced the single Transactions that which have been the goal when using traditional marketing methods. To succeed on a tough and competitive market it is important for companies to develop good and long-term relationship with their customers. Working with relationship marketing within the estate agent market is especially complicated in many ways. An estate agency is a service company and works as a middleman between a buyer and a seller and therefore has a complicated relationship to its costumers.

During the later half of the 20th century standard form contracts began to be used more frequently in contract situations. This trend has been consistent and in today?s world numerous commercial parties employ such contracts in their business Transactions. The reasons for the extended use of standard form contracts are the benefits that can be obtained for the parties such as time efficiency, effectiveness and price advantages. Standardised contracts often regulate certain issues of the contract for example the way of delivery, remedies and complaints.