AbstractProblem-based learning (PBL) was from the beginning developed in medical school, but is today used in education in other programmes as well. Investigations about PBL have been conducted in different disciplines and there is also metastudies. In this paper, a metastudy of 8 bachelor degree papers have been conducted. The questions answered were: which methods were used to investigate PBL in primary, lower secondary and upper secondary school,which advantages were found in working according to the PBL method, which disadvantages were found in working according to the PBL method and did teachers and students views about advantages and disadvantages about PBL as a method differ and if they did, how? The results showed that mostly qualitative methods were used to investigate the PBL as a method, mostly abilities of social qualities and independence were trained in working according to PBL, a disadvantage was that working according to the PBL method was considered more resourse consuming than traditional teaching methods and teachers and students views about PBL did not differ considerably.

Nurses in health care have a responsible and sometimes stressful job. Nowadays there?s a high pace in health care where many decisions have to be made during time pressure, a lot of information has to be transferred between health care units and sometimes complicated equipment are used. Cases of mistakes are reported more than ever to the national committee responsible for health care. Many of the mistakes, where the nurses are involved are due to the nurses? stress.The aim of this study was to gather information to describe causes of stress in nursing care and the nurses? experience of stress influence on health care.The method that was chosen for this study was a literature review where scientific, critically reviewed articles were analyzed.  The analysis resulted in two main themes.

Background: For most children, being hospitalized is a whole new experience. The care should be safe and meet the children?s needs. In hospital care, children are a large group of patients. It?s important for them to be involved in decisions regarding their care and to get proper information.

Att bli svårt sjuk eller skadad innebär, förutom det fysiska traumat, också att vi blir utelämnade till dem som skall vårda oss. För att patient och närstående skall uppleva trygghet i vårdsituationen är det viktigt att sjuksköterskan har förmåga att se och bekräfta patienten och de närstående i deras lidande. Syftet var att beskriva hur den vårdande relationen uppstår och kommer till uttryck mellan intensivvårdssjuksköterskan och patient/närstående. Syftet var också att belysa betydelsen av en vårdande relation. Studien genomfördes i form av en litteraturstudie, där 14 vetenskapliga artiklar granskades.

The purpose of this essay was to examine class-travellers experiences of having done the class-travel and when they realised they had done it.My questions were: when did they start the class-travel? How do they experience themselves after going through the classtravel? How do they change as class-travellers in their relationship with their surroundings?The study was based on interviews with six classtravellers, trained social workers who have made their journey through studies. In the essay I have analyzed and compared the interviews with relevant litterature/theory.My conclusions are that the experiences of the class-travel are different. The lass-traveller of this study are recognized of being/have been part of two worlds or cultures. How long the class-traveller has been in one of the worlds is of big importance.

Bakgrund: Allt fler personer kommer till Sverige från länder där kulturen skiljer sig från den svenska. Många av dessa personer har genomgått svåra trauman och det är en utmaning för den svenska vården att möta och hjälpa dessa personer. Flyktingar och sjuksköterskor har oftast olika förväntningar på möten i vården. Syftet med studien var att belysa upplevelser av möten mellan flyktingar och sjuksköterskor i den svenska vården. Metod: Innehållsanalys baserad på åtta artiklar med kvalitativ ansats.

The purpose of this study is to investigate men's and women's experiences of a myocardial infarction and what the nurse can do to help the patients return to a normal daily living..

Kompetensområdet sjuksköterskans arbetsledning av omvårdnadsarbetet är ett tämligen outforskat ämne. Mer kunskap om läkare- och undersköterskors syn på vad som innefattas i sjuksköterskans arbetsledning skulle kunna bidra till ett bättre samarbete som på sikt kan gynna omvårdnadsarbetets utveckling och därigenom även patienten. Syftet med studien är att få ökad kunskap om läkare och underskö-terskors syn på vad som innefattas i kompetensområdet sjuksköterskans arbets-ledning av omvårdnadsarbetet. Metoden som användes var en empirisk intervju-undersökning där urvalet bestod utav fyra läkare och fyra undersköterskor. Mate-rialet analyserades med innehållsanalys, inspirerad av Burnard (1991).

Patients with heart failure have a high mortality and often readmits to hospital care, due to a lack of compliance in the treatment plan. Patient education on self-care provided by nurses is important in improving patient and clinical outcomes.The aim of this study was to describe effects of nurse led interventions of patient education for elderly patients with heart failure. Literature study based on nine quantitative scientific articles. The results shows that different nurse led interventions of patient education with patients with heart failure had positive effects on self-care management, quality of life, health related quality of life and hospital care. E-mail reminder to community nurses and telephone education shows to be the most effective patient education interventions.

Bakgrund: HIV är ett globalt problem med cirka 30-36 miljoner människor som har sjukdomen. Generellt har människor med HIV-smitta sämre hälsa och känsla av sammanhang, behovet av information har hälsorelaterad påverkan på patienter.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva sjuksköterskans kunskap och dess betydelse i vården av patienter med HIV-smitta.Metod: Studien består av en litteraturöversikt innehållande tretton artiklar med såväl kvantitativ som kvalitativ ansats.Resultat: Sjuksköterskor har viljan och anser att de behöver lära sig mer om sjukdomen. Positiva attityder gentemot patienter hör samman med bättre kunskap. Utbildning om HIV minskar rädsla och ger sjuksköterskor större förståelse för diskriminering och stigmatisering.Slutsats: Kunskapen hos sjuksköterskor har betydelse i vården av patienter med HIV-smitta, den visar sig i attityder och ställningstaganden samt rädsla och stigma. Kunskapen minskar rädslan hos sjuksköterskor, vilket leder till en god vård för patienterna.

Background:For patients with severe heart disease, may heart transplantation be the only opportunity for survival. Previous research highlights the importance of the nurse's role as supporters and knowledge brokers. People who has undergone heart transplant may be changed forever. Having to undergo a heart transplant can lead to that patients end up in a traumatic crisis. People's perception of herself and her perception of the world is also changing when the body is injured or suffers a disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can limit patients physical abilities and contribute to social isolation. The purpose of this literature study is to investigate men's and women's experiences of living with chronic obstructive pulmonary dis-ease, and the supporting and guiding role of the nurse to an increased quality of life. 13 critical reviewed articles were used to find the answers to our questions. Quality rating forms were used in order to guarantee a good scientific quality. The results show that, it is of great importance for the COPD-patients well-being to experience social support from those around them, and to have a close relation-ship with their families and friends, in order to experience quality of life.

Abstract Background: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that worldwide greatly increases among children and adolescents. Major demands are required from the individual who has this disease, which also requires significant knowledge from the nurses so they can be able to develop and create individual conditions for children and adolescents. Thus, the children and the adolescents can be able to take responsibility and feel secure in their own care. The nurse's techniques and specific tools in this work are however not particularly noteworthy and therefore needs to be advised.Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences nurses have of supporting adolescents, between 12-18 years, with type 1 diabetes to an increased understanding of the disease and also to examine the methodological aspect data collection in the articles of this study. Method: A descriptive, literature study according to Polit and Beck (2012).

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskors rätt att förskriva läkemedel skiljer sig åt mellan olika länder och infördes för distriktssköterskor i Sverige 1994. Socialstyrelsens uppföljning av sjuksköterskans förskrivningsrätt 2004 indikerade att förskrivningsrätten användes i liten utsträckning. I tidigare forskning framkommer såväl möjligheter som hinder kring förskrivningsrätten. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur distriktssköterskan på vårdcentral använder sin förskrivningsrätt. Metod: Kvantitativ enkätstudie.

Our society is based on a heterosexual norm. This may lead to the fact that LGBT-persons have a poorer health status than the heterosexual population. The nurse education lacks information and courses that highlights sexual identity. This is defective since healthcare staff needs knowledge on the subject to be able to treat patients in a professional and respectful manner. The purpose of this study was to illustrate how heteronormativity influences the treatment of patients within a healthcare context.