Total protection is often the option chosen when protecting forests with high environmental values. An alternative to total protection is application of management regimes that do not interrupt continuity of tree cover. This study focuses mainly on continuous cover forestry (CCF) in forest stands already protected. All objects are situated in the county of Jämtland in northwest Sweden. The purpose of the study was to attain a greater knowledge about CCF practices.

Samhället eftersträvar att förhindra våld. Tre ansatser har etablerats för att avgöra farlighet och för att bedöma risk för våld; den ostrukturerade professionella bedömningsansatsen, den aktuariska bedömningsansatsen, samt den strukturerade professionella bedömningsansatsen. HCR-20 är ett strukturerat professionellt bedömningsinstrument med hög validitet och interbedömarreliabilitet i bedömning av risk för våld. HCR-20 genomgår en evidensbaserad uppdatering och den reviderade versionen skall utvärderas - syftet med studien var därför att undersöka interbedömarreliabilitet för den tredje versionen av HCR-20 [HCR-V3]. Vid Rättspsykiatriska regionkliniken i Sundsvall riskbedömdes 35 patienter som inskrivits för tvångsvård under februari 2010 till oktober 2011.

Emerging infectious diseases poses a great future threat, not only to humans but also to domestic animals and wildlife. Even though the majority of these infections only cause minor health problems, the relatively recent emergence of HIV clearly illustrates that the next major human pandemic may surface at any time. Regardless of what the name indicates, most emerging human pathogens are not believed to be recently evolved, but to have existed previously in the natural environment. Most emerging pathogens are zoonotic, i.e. able to infect animals besides humans.

Energy Director is a control and measuring system for energy consumption and is part of the product portfolio of E.ON AG for more efficient use of energy, offered to business customers. As of today, the system has only one parameter of control, namely power, and the objective of this essay has been to investigate whether other ones could be added. The emphasis is on the environmental perspective, which is why carbon dioxide has served as an example for this parameter in question.Parallel with the study of Energy Director electricity on the margin, calculations of carbon dioxide equivalents and also the Swedish trade of electricity have all been highlighted. Results indicate that when reductions in energy are made it is endorsed to omit from electricity on the margin rather than some mean distributed electricity, under certain conditions, and in addition the calculations of the reductions should be modified regarding the efficiency of the power stations fuelled by lignite and bituminous coal. Sweden practices trade with the Nordic countries as well as Poland and Germany.

Working as a veterinary nurse includes advising animal owners, helping them to make discisions through well-based facts and experience. Preemptive spaying of the healthy bitch brings many advantages and disadvantages. It leads to cessation of gonadal hormone production, and how the exact extent the surgery affects the dog is not yet fully understood. The sex hormones mainly control the reproductive system, but receptors of these hormones are found in many tissues of the body, and have complex relationships with other hormone systems. Spaying decreases the metabolism although the bitch gets an increased appetite, which enhance the risk of obesity, unless the owner restricts food intake.

Utvecklingen av magnetkameran har under de senaste 20 åren gått stadigt framåt. Genom att styrkan på magneterna stigit har även riskerna med ferromagnetiska implantat ökat. Ett flertal incidenter har rapporterats, de flesta från USA, men även ett fåtal ifrån Sverige. Incidenterna har orsakats av misstag, exempelvis då felaktighet eller otillräcklig information rörande patienten tillhandahållits. Den här studien ska visa på hur farligt magnetfältet kan vara om man inte är försiktig och alla rutiner inte följs noggrant.

A reforming trend is captured showing that countries are shifting from defined benefit pension systems towards defined contribution systems. The reforms have been justified through predictions that the defined benefit systems will not manage to provide good enough pensions to members in the future. The newer defined contribution pension plans often include individual financial accounts where individuals have the possibility to choose how a part of their pension savings should be invested. Sweden was early to introduce such a system, which at the moment provides more than 800 funds to choose from. The aim of this thesis is to capture the market risk associated with these individual investments and does so by using Monte Carlo simulations for six selected pension funds.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka risken för Compassion Fatique hos sjuksköterskor vid Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala. Compassion Fatigue är då en person som konsekvens av sitt empatiska engagemang gentemot en annan person blir emotionellt utmattad. En enkätstudie bland psykiatrisjuksköterskor och sjuksköterskor inom den somatiska vården gjordes, dessa jämfördes i avseende på Compassion Fatique-risk. Huvudresultatet tyder på att nästan en fjärdedel av sjuksköterskorna som grupp är i riskzonen för att utveckla Compassion Fatique och att närmare 40 % av alla deltagare var i riskzonen för att utveckla utbrändhet. 21,9 % låg under referensvärdet för Compassion Satisfaction, vilket innebär att man ej känner sig tillfredställd med sin arbetssituation.

Banks carry a great responsibility when it comes to the financial systems in our society. Disturbance in the credit system affects both lender and borrower. All financial institutions must therefore carefully estimate their risk exposure. This assessment enables them to cover themselves from losses with appropriate capital buffers as main guardian. In order to prevent bank crises and also to maintain financial stability in general, new regulations concerning analysis and preventive actions were introduced on the 1st of February 2007.

In this study potential health risks for employees in connection with handling of bottom ash and bottom ash water at a Municipal Waste Incineration (MWI) plant have been investigated. Air surrounding the bottom ash and the bottom ash water has been examined. MWI is one of the primary ways to manage solid household waste, and bottom ash is the main solid residue produced by the incineration process. Bottom ash constitutes about 15-20% of the original waste. The bottom ash is extinguished in a water bath (bottom ash water).The study was carried out in a MWI plant in Karlstad, Sweden.

Background: Businesses are traditionally valued with the so called Discounted Cash Flow-model. When valuing newly-started businesses, surrounded by high uncertainty, and whose capital mostly consists of unrealized business opportunities, the Discounted Cash Flow-model needs to be complemented if the total value of the business is to be captured. A valuation with the help of real options is capable of valuing these unrealized opportunities, which often exist in newly-started businesses. The unrealized opportunities are to be found in the business plan of the business, why this needs to be valued to capture the total value of a newly-started business. Purpose: To demonstrate what the use of real options can result in when valuing businesses.

In a business environment where the stakeholder perspective is evolving and sustainable development is receiving increased attention, it is of importance for companies to adjust. The demand and pressure is exerted from several stakeholders who force companies to take action and live up to the expectations because if failing to do so, negative consequences will most likely be the case. The attention of this study is on ABB Power Products (ABB PP) and their environment and working environment risk management. The aim of this thesis is to identify and describe how perceived environmental risks are managed and what the incentives are to work proactively to minimize the risks. The incentives for a proactive risk management strategy are researched through both a strategic and operational perspective.

Companies learn through their employees. In this paper I make research into how knowledge transfer and learning occur at Metso Paper Karlstad AB, which is a partly project based organization.The result is that there are many factors that affect the knowledge transfer in a company. Knowledge transfer occurs mainly between individuals within the company, but also between departments and other actors outside the company. In the gaps between these actors, there is a risk that knowledge is not transferred, which is an obstacle to learning. A great deal of the knowledge transfer and the learning is carried out through individual?s own drive and motivation.

ABSTRACTTitle: The exact title used in the thesis will be mentioned here.Level: Bachelor thesis in BusinessAuthor: Mattias Lindqvist & Jonas TesfaySupervisor: Peter LindbergDate: 2011 ? JuneAim: In Sweden the representation of women on company boards is discussed extensively. It has also been suggested that regulations such as quotas should be imposed, in hopes of getting the gender balance on the board of directors. Measures such as these have been presented when this problem attacks our democratic values about how a society should look like. The aim is to study and analyze whether there is any connection between the return on assets and the proportion of women on company boards.Method: The paper is made from a quantitative with a deductive approach.

Trenden är att det ställs högre krav på börsnoterade bolag att redovisa mer omfattande extern bolagsinformation genom årsredovisningen. En del av informationen behandlar bolagens exponering och hantering av risker, ett område som fått större utrymme med åren eftersom riskredovisningen har stor betydelse för bolag som såväl användare. Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för hur börsnoterade bolag genom extern redovisning av risk kan eftersträva minskad informationsasymmetri och ökad legitimitet omkring en ekonomisk turbulent tidsperiod. För att adressera studiens syfte har en longitudinell flerfallsstudie i svenska börsnoterade skogs- och tillverkningsbolag genomförts mellan åren 2006-2012. Ett aktörssynsätt antogs där bolagens årsredovisning analyserades genom diskurs- och innehållsanalys.