One of the most commonly used methods for analysis of polyphenols is the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method, where the FC reagent has been reported to interfere with some substances in fruit juices. The interfering substance that is present in the highest amount in most fruit juices is ascorbic acid. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC) of three fruit juices was analysed by the FC method as well as with an enzymatic method with hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase type II (HRP) for comparison. To investigate how the interfering ascorbic acid affects the TPC, juice samples were analysed after removal and addition, respectively, of ascorbic acid. The samples were analysed with HPLC both before and after the extraction phase of the FC method.

Aim:The aim of this study is to examine similarities and differences in eating habits in students ages 16-19 in high school.Questions:How do eating habits differ between adolescent athletes and non-athletes?What significance does living conditions and religious background have on the eating habits of adolescents? Method: This study is of a quantitative approach using survey questions.The method used was questionnaires. Three schools participated in the study. The school provided programs with and without athletic orientation. My purpose was to give out 200 surveys but in the end the total of handed out surveys landed on 141.

The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze past development of mutual funds in large and small mutual fund companies and see if there are any differences between these two segments. Limitations on the number of funds have been made by choosing Nordic mutual fund companies that invest in emerging markets over an 11-year period. The study is made on 66 mutual funds managed by 13 mutual fund companies in which the segment of small fund companies includes seven fund companies with assets under management less than 100 billion SEK and the segment of large mutual fund companies includes six fund companies with assets under management more than 400 billion SEK. In the comparison of the segments the Sharpe ratio has been used to calculate the risk-adjusted return. The study shows small differences of the risk-adjusted return between the segments.

I want to find the meaning of food ?potato in today?s society. How about marketing and how does potato consumes? What can be done to achieve better competitiveness towards other products now and in the future? I will build this project on a statistic ground ?now and then? as well as a study to people outside various food- markets. The consumers answers will state my foundation in this project.

Inköpsorganisationen har varit och är föremål för förändring. Vid sidan av denna förändring har Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) utvecklats. TCO sträcker sig bortom inköpspriset och innefattar enligt Degraeve et al. (2005a) alla kostnader relaterade till anskaffningen och kostnaderna användningen av en vara eller tjänst medför genom ett företags hela värdekedja. Utifrån en tillhandahållen förståelse för kostnaderna ett företag ådrar sig utifrån etablerade leverantörsrelationer kan TCO fördelaktigt användas vid valet av leverantörer och till att utvärdera prestandan av leverantörer.

This study examines the effects of credit risk and information disclosure in the new bank regulating system Basel II on bank and bank customer. The effects are then discussed in a perspective of the economic man and information asymmetric theories. Furthermore is the Basel II effects on the capital adequacy of Andelsbanken för Åland examined.The approach of the study is qualitative and several interviews with individuals on different levels of the examined bank, Andelsbanken för Åland, have been carried out during the collecting of empirical facts about the effects of the regulating change from the Basel I system to Basel II.The research findings are as follows:Andelsbanken för Åland have increased its capital adequacy ratio from 12,7 percent to 14,4 percent, mostly due to lower risk weights on housing mortgages compared to Basel I. Andelsbanken för Åland have started to use a completely new credit risk and customer assessment system which classifies every customer and gives them a credit rating. The system cause a much heavier information gathering of the customers profile as well as a much better assessment of risk than the previous system, which the bank finds positive.

Bakgrund: Övervikt och fetma är ett ökande folkhälsoproblem och sambandet med följdsjukdomar och hälsokonsekvenser tyder på vikten av tidig prevention. Övervikt debuterar ofta i tidig ålder och har en tendens att följa med i vuxenlivet. För att uppnå tidig prevention krävs att utarbetade metoder finns att tillgå samt att effekterna av dessa utvärderas och utvecklas. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att jämföra skillnader hos överviktiga flickor och pojkar gällande total energiomsättning och fysisk aktivitetsnivå i åldrarna 14 ? 17 år samt att undersöka fördelningen och genomsnittstiden av de skattade aktivitetsnivåerna mellan könen. Metod: En retrospektiv studie där aktivitetsdagböcker från överviktiga remitterade ungdomar på pediatriska forskningslaboratoriet på Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala granskades. Urvalet bestod av 35 pojkar och 24 flickor med fyra dygns komplett ifyllda aktivitetsdagböcker. Resultat: Studiens resultat visade att det fanns en statistisk signifikant skillnad gällande total energiomsättning och fysisk aktivitetsnivå mellan pojkar och flickor.

Syftet med denna pilotstudie var att studera om man hos pediatriska patienter som lider av sjuklig fetma kan se förändringar i metabolismen genom att ersätta den traditionella kosten med en kost bestående av hög andel fett och låg andel kolhydrater. De frågeställningar som används är om den förändrade kosten leder till en gynnsam förändring av metabola markörer samt hur patientupplevelsen av de nya kostråden är. Studien har både en kvantitativ och kvalitativ design. Totalt ingår 4 barn i åldern 4-17 år. Två av dessa har under fyra veckor ätit en kost bestående av hög andel fett (50-60E%) och låg andel kolhydrater (15-20E%).

Children are a group of patients that require special knowledge from the anesthesia staff, both general and specific. Theoretical knowledge and practical experience is necessary to adequately care for the child as it anatomically, physiologically and mentally may differ from adult patients.A growing problem in the pediatric population is overweight and obesity. From a stagnation in the early 2000s the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in the world are again increasing.The purpose of this study was to examine peri-operative care of overweight and obese children.Systematic searches were done in PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus. After the quality audit according to SBU, twelve articles were included for analysis.Results suggest that overweight and obese children have a higher risk of respiratory peri-operative complications. The risk of hospital admission after outpatient surgery was also greater in this group as well as higher costs for health care.Overweight and obese children are complex subjects with more frequent peri-operative risk factors than normal-weight children.

Traditionally risk-based measures have been used to assess animal welfare in legislation and certification schemes. With increased knowledge and research, debate today tends to focus on and advocate the use of animal-based measures. However this is not a panacea for welfare and the most sound conclusion should be that assessment of animal welfare needs both. The aim of this thesis is to identify the points that need to be taken into consideration to find the optimal balance in the use of input and outcome measures according to the aim of the assessment and how these should be applied when designing a certification scheme? To answer this, a comparison of the use of resource-based, management-based and animal-based measures in two certification schemes for dairy cow welfare, Freedom Food (UK) and Svenskt Sigill (SWE), was made.

The world?s population reached more than 6.9 billion people in July 2011. It is expected that the population growth during the next 40 years will take place mostly in low-income countries and the population increase will be 2.3 billion people during 2011-2050. A rapid urbanization is also expected to result in 57.7 per cent of Africa?s population living in urban areas in 2050.

AbstractTitle: The debut of gluten ? Does timing of gluten introduction affect the risk ofceliac disease in high-risk children?Author: Sandra Hagwall Frohm and Maria IngmarSupervisor: Frode SlindeExaminer: Mette AxelsenProgramme: Programme in dietetics, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Bachelor?s thesis in clinical nutrition, 15 hpDate: May 26, 2015Background: Celiac disease is a chronic disease in which the intestinal mucosa is damaged bygluten exposure, and the only treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet. The disease affects about1 % of the population worldwide, but the majority are undiagnosed. Ingestion of gluten and thegenotype HLA-DQ2/8 are required for disease development, although additional genetic andenvironmental factors are believed to be of importance. One hypothesis is that timing of glutenintroduction in infants affects the disease risk.

SAMMANDRAGHistorisk Simulation, Delta-Normal och RiskMetrics prestation utvärderas med hjälp av Kupiecs Backtest. Value at Risk (VaR) beräknas med tre olika konfidensnivåer utifrån Affärsvärldens Generalindex och HSBC kopparindex. Utifrån överträdelser från verkligt utfall undersöks vilken VaR-modell som estimerar marknadsrisken bäst. VaR-modellernas prestation jämförs, och i analysen utreds hur konfidensnivå och tillgångars egenskaper påverkar VaR-modellernas prestation. Resultaten visar att Historisk Simulation presterar bättre än Delta-Normal och RiskMetrics på den högsta konfidensnivån vilket troligtvis beror på att RiskMetrics och Delta-Normal antar normalfördelning.

Rättspsykiatriska patienter är en grupp med mycket psykosocial belastning i barndomen och mer forskning behövs kring bland annat huruvida det finns samband mellan denna psykosociala belastning, framtida brottslighet och bedömd risk för våld. Denna studies syfte var att jämföra brottslighet, psykosocial belastning i barndomen samt initiala riskbedömningar gjorda med HCR-20 på kvinnor respektive män vårdade vid Rättspsykiatriska Regionkliniken i Sundsvall. Vidare undersöktes ifall förekomst av psykosocial belastning i barndomen korrelerade med bedömd risk för våld bedömd med HCR-20 eller med brottslighet hos patienterna. Studiens sampel bestod av 10 kvinnor och 39 män varav majoriteten vårdades enligt LRV. Data samlades in från journaler, rättspsykiatriska undersökningar och domar samt genom enskilda intervjuer.

Den salutogena modellen beskriver hälsa som ett kontinuum mellan ytterligheterna total ohälsa och total hälsa. En persons placering på kontinuumet kan förklaras av dennes ?känsla av sammanhang? (KASAM) - en skyddande resurs som hjälper individen att hantera livets stressorer. Mental ohälsa ökar bland unga vuxna i dagens samhälle och studenter är en utsatt grupp. Forskning visar att höga grader av KASAM bidrar till god självupplevd hälsa.