Research reports as PISA and PIRLS show that reading comprehension among Swedish students have deteriorated in recent years and that girls have better reading comprehension than boys. The basis for this study is Maj-Gun Johansson's reading comprehension test done during the four years between the years 2005-2008 in the seventh grade in a municipality in Sweden. The main purpose of this study is to examine reading literacy in terms of the influence of content and form of texts viewed from a gender perspective. The study is divided into two parts. The first part is a survey on local reading comprehension compared with results from a similar national text.

The purpose of this study is to chart and describe which content and different models that teachers use when teaching English as a foreign language at upper secondary school in Sweden. The study was performed through a phenomenonographic point of view, where the aim is to present and compare different understandings within a certain area. Our study emanates in Lars-Göran Malmberg?s theories about different teaching models used when teaching Swedish, which have been transferred and modified by Bo Lundahl into teaching English as foreign language. On the basis of this theory, six individual interviews with different teachers at upper secondary school were carried out with concern of discussing the content and aim of English teaching.

The aim of this study was to quantify the productivity and the costs of different harvesting systems (teams), containing harvesters equipped with accumulating harvester heads and forwarders, in first commercial thinnings were an integrated harvest of pulpwood and energy wood were performed. In the beginning the plan was to study and measure 20 sites before and after harvest. Due to storms during the summer of 2010, complete data could only be obtained from 8 of these 20 sites. Seven of these sites were privately owned and one was owned by UPM, all of the sites had been pre-commercially thinned. The mean stem density before harvest was 2578 stems per ha and the mean stem volume was 0.074 m3solid over bark.On average 1518 stems/ha was harvested.

Competition of spruce fiber raw materials has increased dramatically in the last few years, leading to the fact that transportation costs in the current situation represents a much larger share of the total raw material cost. The Holmen-owned pulp industry Hallsta Paper Mill's location on the coast also constitutes a problem, because of the lack of raw material, which is much larger there, than for a pulp mill located in the hinterland. For a coastal industry it?s therefore natural to import much of the raw material by boat or to buy it from the timber terminals, in order to maintain good profitability. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the size of Hallsta Paper Mill timber supply area, without competition, with competition and with terminal use, affects the company ?s transport costs.

The aim of this study was to conduct an instrument test of the Canadian questionnaire Alberta Context Tool (ACT) version Long-Term care for Swedish conditions. ACT is designed in order to measure the context in the care environment and different behaviours related to the changes in clinical practice. In total, 159 Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) and Registered Nurses (RNs) within municipality care of the elderly were included in the survey. The test included the instrument's reliability and face validity.The reliability test was implemented through calculation of Cronbach´s Alpha, and showed internal consistency for five of the scales of the ACT-instrument with Cronbach´s Alpha values ranging between 0,728 and 0,873. However, three dimensions got lower values (0,558 - 0,683).The analysis was carried out with content analysis and carried out for LPNs and RNs in separate groups.

Studien analyserar den svenska PR-byrån Studio Total, som använder sig av gerillamarknadsföringsmetoder för att synas i den svenska mediala debatten. Företaget har fått stort genomslag genom att delvis utföra fiktiva reklamkampanjer som svenska folket och omvärlden har tagit del av. Konceptet av att marknadsföra produkter och värderingar genom nyhetsjournalistiken har inneburit att allmänheten känt sig vilseledda. Studio Total har även klivit in på en politiska arena där de kontroversiella kampanjerna har blivit kritiskt ifrågasatta och negativt mottagna. Studien försöker förklara om en PR-byrå kan verka inom en kommersiell och ideell marknad.En kvalitativ intervju har utförts med en av Studio Totals grundare och en kvantitativ enkätundersökning gjordes för att erhålla mediestudenters attityder till företaget.

The main purpose of this study has been to survey the pupils? general comprehension of the content and aim of Swedish as a subject in upper secondary school and their attitude towards the subject. Furthermore the study aims at discerning whether there is a distinguishable difference between programmes with vocational and academic character.The study is based on the results of 101 answers from students in an opinion poll handed out at a Western Swedish upper secondary school. Throughout the analysis the results of the two programme groups have been weighed against each other. The result of the survey shows that:? The understanding of the aim and content of Swedish at upper secondary school is acceptable as a whole.

Evaluation of machinery costs is necessary for selecting appropriate farm machinery. Timeliness cost due to untimely operations is an important component of machinery costs. Timeliness costs can be high for crop sprayers, since pesticide application must be carried out within a short time interval. This Master thesis investigated the timeliness cost and the probability of a suitable workday for spraying. Timeliness factors were estimated for four different crops (oats, spring wheat, winter wheat and barley) using historical weed trial data.

I uppsatsen undersöktes hur elefterfrågan i svensk cellulosaindustri, med en given uppsättning produktionsfaktorer, påverkades av förändrade totalpriser på tyngre eldningsoljor. Partiella kortsiktiga och långsiktiga egenpris- och korspriselasticiteter skattades utifrån årliga tidseriedata mellan 1970 och 1998 från SCB och Energimyndigheten över elförbrukning och totala el- och oljepriser. Skattningen utfördes med hjälp av OLS och en dynamisk loglinjär efterfrågemodell för dels total elefterfrågan, dels efterfrågan på externproducerad el för given total elefterfrågan. Ekonomiska motiv kan förklara de flesta signifikanta skattningarnas tecknen och värden samt vissa skattningars insignifikans, varför använd modell och skattningsmetod tillfredsställande stödjer slutsatserna: total elefterfrågan påverkas obetydligt av oljeprisförändringar: kort- och långsiktig efterfrågan på externproducerad el påverkas betydligt mer - en procents höjning av totala oljepriset ökar kortsiktigt efterfrågan på externproducerad el med 0,13 procent. Höjda miljöskatter leder därmed till ökad efterfrågan på externproducerad el som, om genererad på ett miljöfarligt sätt, kan motverka miljöskattens syfte globalt sett.

The aim of our research was to investigate if oat is capable of extracting cadmium to such extent that it is usable in decontaminating polluted soils. We grew oat in a hydroponic culture during 28 days in a controlled environment and a total of 30 plants were used. The nutrient solutions were contaminated with cadmium of ten different concentrations after seven days. After harvesting the plants, the roots were separated from the shoots, placed in separate containers and then turned to ashes. The cadmium content was measured three times per sample in an atomic absorption spectrometer.Our results indicate that the ability of oat to extract cadmium from a solution is linearly dependent of the cadmium concentration of the solution.

In 2005 over 48 000 senior citizens fell so badly that the needed medical care and almost 1200 of them died. This makes falls in the elderly one of our biggest public health problems. Research in this area is extensive and although we know what causes a fall and how we in theory should work to prevent their occurrence, this is a problem that is increasing. There seems to be a gap between research and practice, and research into why this gap occurs is very narrow. The purpose of this study was to identify success factors with fall prevention from a staff- perspective.

The autumn of 2011, saw a new curriculum being put to use in Swedish schools, a curriculum whose purpose was to supply the Swedish schools with a larger national equivalence. This new curriculum was meant to counter the strong variations in grading that the ministry of education felt was a result of the Lpo94, the curriculum previous to lgy11's introduction.With the introduction of the new curriculum there followed some changes to the objectives and emphasis on content prepared by teachers in the subject of religious studies. As a result this also affected the teachers planning and execution of the course and its content. From the perspective of a teacher-to-be I hold a great interest concerning how lgy11 affected the religious teachers planning of their lessons and teachings. This essay is written with the hope of being able to determine how some of the now active teachers perceive that they have been affected by the curriculum in its structure of teaching and planning and the content of material.

Our aim with this study is to investigate whether or not Utbildningsradions - which is a public broadcasting agency - educational programmes reproduce the existing gender patterns of the female and male genders. We have chosen to analyse two educational programmes, Home Farm Twins and Rena rama forntiden.We use a social constructionist theory regarding the construction and reproduction of gender and the method we have chosen to use is a qualitative content analysis to study the educational programmes.Our conclusion is that in the case of Home Farm Twins, it reproduces the current stereotypes that exist in society. Rena rama forntiden on the other hand does not, the program has got a clear gender perspective in regards to its content. Though it can be said that in some ways it does not reflect upon the gender patterns that exist in society today, to a satisfactionary extent.Utbildningsradion does not achieve its policy concerning Home Farm Twins, but on the other hand it shows that in the case of Rena rama forntiden they do own up to the standards regarding cultural diversity and creative aim..

The purpose of this article was to examine how students learn to use the Individual Development Plan (IUP) with written assessments as a tool for learning. The study is conducted according to an ethnographic approach. A total of 20 students, aged 13-14 years, participated. The production of data took place through participating observations, field notes and conversations. A qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis.

The purpose of this study has been to get a deeper insight into how students reason about the textbook and teaching that goes beyond its content. This in order for the teacher to be able to consider and respond to these important attitudes already at the planning stages of such teaching situations. This approach will aid to help students overcome the distrust of things that are not in the textbook.The study shows that students have an attitude of overconfidence to the textbook's reliability. It is considered to be controlled in its content as well as being a reference on the extent of the knowledge content.The general approach to teaching that deviates from textbook structure is that it is welcomed as an interesting feature. However, a questioning attitude soon appears about whether the element will be included in any requirements for knowledge or tests.The following important conclusions can be drawn after this study was carried out:Very clearly communicate the purpose of all education that deviate from the textbook.Inform students about the textbook's deficiencies and the need for supplementing.Accept and respond to students' focus in that grades are the main driving force for the acquisition of knowledge in high school..