Bakgrund: När botande vård inte längre är möjligt krävs en klar och noga övervägd vård för att hjälpa både patient och närstående. Inom den palliativa vården ses döden som ett normalt skeende, och varken påskyndar eller skjuter upp döden. Vården ger individer stöd att leva med värdighet och bästa möjliga omvårdnaden i livets slutskede. I palliativ vård ses patienten och närstående som en helhet för att möjliggöra att de får den bästa möjliga vården. Syfte: Syftet är att utifrån ny forskning beskriva kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterska och närstående i palliativ vård.

With good knowledge about the disease and the treatment, the fear and worry of children and parents can be reduced. Children may be helped by painting to express their experiences. In order to have a good care, the care-personnel need to see and understand what the children need. It is important to live an as regular life as possible during the disease and its treatment. The aim of this study was to elucidate how children experience chemotherapy in conection with their cancer disease.

När säkerheten vid rapportering brister kan det få förödande konsekvenser. Inom intensiv- samt operationssjukvården bedrivs omvårdnad i en högteknologisk miljö där patienten befinner sig i en stark beroendeställning. Säkerhetsaspekten vid överrapporteringar är här mycket viktig. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva en patientsäker överrapportering mellan operation och intensivvård. Granskning av 14 vetenskapliga artiklar visade att kommunikationen mellan intensivvården samt operation förbättrades genom användandet av ett strukturerat rapporteringsverktyg.

Bakgrund: All sjukvård som bedrivs i Sverige är frivillig, även den psykiatriska vården. Dock kan vården ibland ske med tvångslagar mot patienters vilja. När sjuksköterskan begränsar en patients autonomi i form av tvångsåtgärder kan det bidra till att sjuksköterskan upplever det etiskt jobbigt även om syftet är att göra gott för patienten. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att utföra tvingande åtgärder mot patienter med psykossjukdom inom psykiatrisk slutenvård, ur ett etiskt perspektiv. Metod: En litteraturstudie med tio kvalitativa artiklar bearbetades och analyserades av författarna.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of internal medicine and clinical nutritionAbstractTitle: Can exclusive enteral nutrition replace steroid treatment in pediatric Morbus Crohn?Author: Hanna Rymark Lehnér and Josephine PetterssonSupervisor: Mette AxelsenExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 23, 2012Background: Morbus Crohn is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease which periodically causes great suffering for the patient. There is solid scientific evidence that treatment with steroids effectively induces and preserves remission. However, side effects are many and a great risk for stunted growth and skeletal development exists in children. A widespread view is that exclusive enteral nutrition is as effective as steroids in pediatric Crohn´s.

Aim: Compare occurrences of first-time-events reported by mothers and fathers with children at high tech NICU according to kangaroo-mother-care method in two university hospitals. Method: Descriptive, quantitative design. Fourty-five couples of parents, with premature children born and cared for at university hospitals in Uppsala or Örebro, answered questionnaires about first-time-events: interaction-events, measures-of-care-events and sleeping-place-events. Results: All differences regarding the children?s age at first-time-events showed Uppsala-children to be younger than Örebro-children. Interaction-events were reported first in children?s lives, measures-of-care-events and sleeping-place-events later.

The aim of this study was to, using previously collected data from self-declared antisocial behaviour questionnaires, examine if the crime frequency has been different between adolescents that have either been referred to two different forms of open care in social service, child and youth psychiatric inpatient care or have been sent to Homes for Specialised Supervision. The criminality frequency and the most common crimes committed were compared between the study groups and further between genders in each particular study group. Statistical significance testing was used and the results of the survey revealed that juvenile delinquents that had committed severe criminal acts were represented in all four groups. The study group with adolescents in national care was the most different from other groups. These youths seemed to have had a lower crime frequency than the other groups with the exception assault and robbery.

With good knowledge about the disease and the treatment, the fear and worry of children and parents can be reduced. Children may be helped by painting to express their experiences. In order to have a good care, the care-personnel need to see and understand what the children need. It is important to live an as regular life as possible during the disease and its treatment. The aim of this study was to elucidate how children experience chemotherapy in conection with their cancer disease.

Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate nurses? experiences of caring for palliative patients in palliative home care, and to examine the coping strategies they use.Method: The study was empirical descriptive with qualitative approach. The data was collected by nine semi-structured interviews and analyzed by using manifest content analysis.Result: By analysing data three categories: Positive experiences of palliative home care, Stressful experiences of palliative home care and Problem-focused coping strategies, and 15 subcategories, were distinguished.Conclusion: Experiences of palliative home care were both of positive and challenging characters. Stressful situations were managed by problem-focused coping strategies. Nurses are in need of the work situation at home to become more ergonomic and designed to protect the nurse?s physical wellbeing.

Bakgrund: När en person söker vård för sin diabetes typ II sker ett möte med sjuksköterskan. Mötet mellan patient och sjuksköterska utgör grunden för att en patient ska kunna skapa tillit och känna trygghet i samvaro med sjuksköterskan. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur patienter med diabetes typ II upplever mötet med sjuksköterskan. Metod: En litteraturstudie som bygger på tio kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Genom analys hittades fem huvudkategorier: Att ta emot och förstå information, att ta emot stöd och bli motiverad, att våga känna tillit till sjuksköterskan, att vara delaktig i sin vård och att genom kommunikation skapa en relation med sjuksköterskan.

Middle managers in social care find themselves in a middle position. The middle management position involves demands from several interested parties. The demands affect and generate feelings both within themselves and within others and the middle managers have to deal with them all.The aim of this study was to investigate the social care middle manager?s personal experiences of emotions in work.We have completed interviews with four middle managers who are assigned to carry out social care. When doing the interviews we used an interview guide divided into different interview areas.

Studies have shown that stress is common in the nursing profession.Purpose: The aim was to investigate nurses' experience of stress in the work environment at the University Hospital in Uppsala and how nurses deal with this stress and whether the perceived stress experienced affect patient safety and in what way. Method: The study had a descriptive, qualitative design based on nine interviews. The selection criteria for the study was that participants were nurses and that they had worked at least one year within the profession and that they had experienced stress in their work environment. Data from the interviews was analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The analysis resulted in three categories: "Stress in the workplace?, "stress management" and "patient safety? and showed that all participants had experienced stress repeatedly in their workplaces.

Epilepsy is a common neurological condition in dogs, being a common reason for death in the statistics from the insurance company Agria in Sweden. Among the different types of epilepsy, idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is the most common and is characterized by the fact that a veterinary examination does not reveal a cause for the seizures. This study has been conducted through studies of medical records and interviews with dog owners. From a total number of 103 dogs that were neurologically examined for seizures, 42 dogs met the inclusion criteria, being classified as having idiopathic epilepsy. When the study was performed, 28 dogs had died, while 14 were still alive.

The number of elderly in Sweden is increasing due to improved living conditions and better medical care. It is important that society adapts to the increase and begins to work preventively to reduce the costs of the increase. An important aspect is the elderly accommodation, the cost of health care in specific accommodation is almost twice as high as those for ordinary housing. Therefore, it is important that we availability adapt dwelling to allow older people to live in ordinary housing for as long as they wish, instead of moving to assisted living before they need it. If we can fulfil the elder?s needs with home care instead, society can save a lot of money.In this report, three different forms of housing has undergone accessibility increases and been inventoried and analysed.

The aim: was to describe and compare a group of experts and critical care nurses' agreement in detecting delirium in intubated, ventilator treated patients with sedation / analgesia, before and after an in house training intervention with the instrument Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU).Method: A quasi-experimental study, one group pretest - posttest design. A convenience sample of 17 critical care nurses in a general intensive care unit included. To detect delirium the instrument CAM-ICU was used, 21 paired tests before and 22 after an educational intervention.Main Results: The results showed that after an in house training intervention sensitivity and kappa coefficient improved of the characteristic 1 "acute onset and fluctuating course," an improvement that was significant. In other features, and overall values were signs of numerical improvement and deterioration in sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient but no significant change.Conclusion: Implementing a new instrument for detecting delirium in clinical practice requires education and follow-up. A small sample of critical care nurses with varying ability to use the new instrument and the fact that patients' status may change rapidly making it difficult to draw any conclusions from this study.