The aim of this project was to quantify the total sleep time in modern dairy cows during24-hour periods and to investigate whether the total amount of sleep as well as timespent in different sleep stages varies between the dry period, early- and peak lactation.The distribution of sleep time between night and day was also examined. Furthermore,correlations between sleep and lying time, fluctuations in body temperature and heartbeat were included in the aim. Eight dairy cows of the Swedish Red breed were used inthis study, which was carried out between June and September 2010. In order toquantify sleep non-invasive electrophysiological recordings were performed.Simultaneously with collecting sleep data, body position and body temperature werealso recorded. No heart rate data was obtained due to difficulties of maintainingelectrodes for heart beat measurements attached to the skin.

Abstract Title: Total Cost of Ownership ? Revealing the true cost of owning and operating equipment. Authors: Anna Bladh Anna Ström Tutors: Michaela Boye, Parts and Service, PTD, Alfa Laval Göran Berg, Parts and Service, PTD, Alfa LavalCharlotta Johnsson, Department of Automatic Control, LTH, Lund UniversityBertil I. Nilsson, Department of Industrial Management and Logistics, LTH, Lund UniversityCarl-Henric Nilsson, Department of Business Administration, Lund University Core issue: ?Which costs should be included in a general Total Cost of Ownership model regarding centrifuges, and what input variables are needed in order to calculate those costs in a user-friendly way and with a maintained level of accuracy?? Purpose: The theoretical purpose of the thesis is to identify the cost items that have the greatest impact on a TCO calculation for a centrifuge.

Bakgrund: Barnmorskans stödjande roll är en grundläggande del i förlossningsprocessen där interaktionen mellan barnmorskan och den födande kvinnan är betydelsefull för stödets givande och mottagande. Barnmorskan har skyldighet att förhålla sig professionellt utifrån en humanistisk och holistisk människosyn. Det är därför betydelsefullt att få ökad kunskap om barnmorskans egna upplevelser av sin stödjande roll till kvinnan på förlossningsavdelningen. Syfte: Att beskriva barnmorskans upplevelser av sin stödjande roll till kvinnan på förlossningsavdelningen. Metod: Studien är kvalitativ och bygger på intervjuer med sex barnmorskor.

The task given to us was to develop an industrial wheel with new thinking in terms of fresh design and construction, with the ability to brake. While the produced wheels of today only own the property of total braking, a wish was made to integrate the ability of directional locking.The time spent working with the project has been filled with multiple sketches of ideas and function analysis.Choices of material and ways of construction have been verified by calculations, tests and prototype building. The goal of this thesis has been to develop a unique caster with well thought-out design that would be adaptable to different areas of applications.The result was a hubless wheel with the ability of directional locking before total braking.A prototype of the wheel has been made to show the design and functions..

The aim of this study was to investigate if the hen?s genotype, age and diet affect fat components in egg yolk. The fat components measured were total fat content, phospholipids, cholesterol and the fatty acid profile. This trial involved 12 groups of laying hens housed in 8-hen cages enriched with perches, dust baths and nests. The genotype Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and the genotype Lohmann Brown (LB)was used.

This study is based on a statistical analysis of fundamental key ratios on the Stockholm Stock Exchange during the period 2004-2012. In total 35 financial ratios of 90 companies were tested, ultimately five ratios remained within the 5% significance level. These ratios were ROA, P/B, Total Yield, EV/EBIT and Operating Margin. A custom made investment model was created based on the purpose to achieve a risk-adjusted excess return. The results in general did not show any significant difference in return between the model's portfolio and index.

Uppsatsen baseras på en studie på en förskoleenhet bestående av tre förskolor, vilka angripit problematiken kring sjukskrivningar genom ett projekt, i syfte att skapa en friskare arbetsplats.Det empiriska arbetet grundar sig på tretton intervjuer bland de anställda på förskolorna och dessa analyseras med hjälp av Anthony Giddens, Ulrich Becks analyser av det samtida risksamhället samt Bosse Angelöw, Christina Maslach och Michael P. Leiters teorier om arbetsplatsens påverkan på individers välmående.I uppsatsen försöker jag besvara vad som orsakar psykisk ohälsa på en arbetsplats, vad intervjupersonerna anser psykisk ohälsa är och hur projektet fungerat. Intervjupersonerna har lyft fram arbetsbelastning som en viktig faktor för att motverka psykisk ohälsa i arbetslivet. I projektets regi har två personer anställts till en pool, med effekten att vikarier finns att tillgå då ordinariepersonal är frånvarande, men även för att garantera gemensam planeringstid för avdelningarna samt reflektionstid.Projektet har varit väldigt uppskattat bland samtliga intervjupersoner. Somliga har menat att ännu mer kan göras, men samtidigt sagt att det är en god start.

FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) is the major form of certification system in Swedish forestry today and its more than 11 million hectares are covering almost half of the total productive forest area in the country. Its regulations prescribe that at least 10 wind firm trees should be left behind after every clear cutting operation. This study have taken place on 30 recently clearcut objects in Bergslagen, Sweden, were an inventory of the standing stock have been made. The research shows that, with 90 % security, the retained trees together contain 9-13 m3sk per hectare. Pine is the dominant tree and it covers more than half the numbers of retained trees and its volume cover 65 % of the retained trees total volume. Spruce is on second place with 30 % of the retained trees, but only 21 % of the standing stock.

Total amount of words: 15 269.In this essay, the purpose is to examine the personalization of Swedish national coaches during international championships in the Swedish tabloids. Research shows that a leader nowadays is representative for her organization. Therefore it could be assumed that the way the national coach is portrayed can have some kind of effect on the public opinion about the team as a unit and their sport federation in total. This essay is a quantitative study of the sport tabloids Sportbladet och SPORT-Expressen during three international championships: Euro 2012 in football, WC 2013 in ice hockey and Euro 2014 in handball. We have studied the coverage of the national coaches Erik Hamrén, Pär Mårts and Ola Lindgren/Staffan Olsson in contrast to the coverage of their teams in total.The main results are that the national coaches are mentioned in every second article that is written about the national teams during the championships. They are mainly portrayed in a neutral way, even though the coverage of them is affected by the results in the matches.

Bakgrund: Triage anva?nds fo?r att bedo?ma och prioritera patienter. Vanligast sker detta av sjuksko?terskor pa? akutmottagningar. Sjuksko?terskorna som arbetar med triage har en sva?r uppgift att se till att ra?tt hja?lp kommer till ra?tt patient.

Total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are two methods used for measuring organic pollutants in wastewater. Both methods are widely used but the COD method results in production of hazardous wastes, including mercury.The purpose of this study was to validate the method TOC that will replace COD and find a factor to convert TOC to COD. In this study 26 samples were analyzed from four sewage treatment plant in the municipality of Enköping.The results show that the COD method could be replaced by the TOC method.The factor for COD/TOC was between 3.1 - 3.3. Both methods will be used in parallel until 2013 when it will be forbidden to use the COD analysis..

Bakgrund: Triage anva?nds fo?r att bedo?ma och prioritera patienter. Vanligast sker detta av sjuksko?terskor pa? akutmottagningar. Sjuksko?terskorna som arbetar med triage har en sva?r uppgift att se till att ra?tt hja?lp kommer till ra?tt patient.

This thesis investigated if a combination of increased under colour removal (decreasing the total ink limit), normal andincreased density and modern FM-screening could be used to provide a visually better print on uncoated and coated paperin comparison with AM-screening using the same conditions.Two different test groups (one with graphic background, the other with no graphic background) were asked to a visuallyassess the quality of the prints presented in a pair comparison using a reference image.The results show that the FM-screening did not obtain any significant visual difference in comparison with AM-screening,regardless of paper types and density levels. In general however, prints on coated paper were graded higher..

Knäledsproblem är vanligt förekommande i Sverige såväl som i resten av västvärlden. Knäledsskador orsakade av yttre våld, artros och andra degenerativa sjukdomar är de vanligaste orsakerna till denna åkomma. Påverkad livskvalité, sjukskrivning från arbete, social isolering, smärta och allmänt lidande är konsekvenser som de drabbade personer kan uppleva. Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av att genomgå en operation med total knäplastik. Fem kvinnor som genomgått en total knäledsplastik de senaste tre månaderna deltog i studien.

This final thesis is initiated by the wood fuel department at the Swedish forest company Sveaskog as part of a project which also involves two other final thesises. The overall goal of the project is to investigate Sveaskog´s possibilities to produce and sell different wood fuel assortments in Västerbotten and the southern parts of Norrland. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how much wood fuel Sveaskog can produce in the area during the next five years and what that would cost. Furthermore the thesis will investigate the total possible supply of wood fuel from all other possible producers in the area. Treated assortments are forest residues from final fellings, whole trees from direct wood fuel thinnings, non industrial wood and industrial by-products from sawmills. The main effort to investigate Sveaskog´s production possibilities has been made to calculate the possible annual amount of forest residues and fuel from wood fuel thinnings that can be produced.