In today?s fast growing and closely connected society, a reliable and energy efficient transportation system is more than ever desirable. Nowadays the significant part of the transportation sector?s energy demand is supplied by fossil fuels.Improving energy efficiency in combustion engines will result in reduction of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. A modern internal combustion engine has an efficiency of 30-45 %, where the most energy loss occurs as result of heat losses in the exhaust and cooling systems.

In the tropics, logging and wild fire can result in degraded secondary forests with lower biodiversity than in the natural forest. One way to limit forest degradation is to rehabilitate the present large areas of secondary forests. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the ecology of tropical tree species and further studies would be advantageous for future rehabilitation efforts of degraded rainforest. The objective of this study was to investigate how mother trees in secondary forest and different site factors affect the abundance and spatial distribution of natural regeneration of non-pioneer tree species in a tropical rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia. The study took place in the INIKEA Forest Rehabilitation Project area, which suffered from wild fire in 1983 and has been selectively logged over both before and after the fire. Natural regeneration and site variables were inventoried in plots, while mother trees were inventoried in the whole survey area.

Scania är en av världens ledande tillverkare av lastbilar och bussar för tunga transporter samt industri- och marinmotorer. Efter lansering av den nya lastbilsserien under 2004 som utnämndes till ?Truck of the year 2005? så tittar hyttutvecklingsgruppen framåt på nya projekt. Ett område inom hyttinredning som man vill fördjupa sig i är dörrpanelen. Med dörrpanel menas den del av inredningen som sitter på dörrens insida och normalt sett innehåller öppnings- och stängningshandtag, fönstervevar/elhissar, förvaringsfack etc.

In Sweden, the labour movement historically had influenced both society and politics. In recent times, it is considered a change in society with a stronger employer party while the unions weakened by reduced unionisation. This study aims to highlight the presence of individualistic and collectivistic approaches to the labour market in relation to union density. The different approaches are investigated in the labour market by means of a quantitative survey. The study's survey items are workers in the timber industry.

Clearcutting systems have been the dominating silvicultural approach during the last decades in the Nordic countries. While economically rational, it is also leading to a trivialisation of the flora and fauna, and may result in negative reactions of people in urban settings. As a consequence of this, and a more diversified view on which goods and services forests should deliver, there is an increasing interest in broadening the range of silvicultural methods that are used. The term continuous cover forestry (CCF) represents a suite of methods that have gained increasing interest in the Nordic countries. In CCF a considerable amount of the trees are left after harvest to favour values that require a continuity of tree-covered areas. There are thus hopes that this method will meet the needs for maintaining biodiversity and satisfy social and cultural values.

The aim of this project is to optimise the sawing patterns used for sawing Scots pine at Säters Ångsåg AB. The thesis has a theoretical approach and does not claim to be fully applicable in a practical point of view. The input used in this project is last year?s sales volumes and prices of sawn products. The input of the timber is collected from the database ?VIOL?.

För att framföra en timmerlastbil med 74 tons bruttovikt i svensk trafik,krävs ett tillstånd från Trafikverket. Tillståndet består av ett dokument somvisar vilka vägar och broar fordonet får trafikera och vilka regler som gällernär man kör lastbilen.Skogsbolaget Sveaskog startade ett examensarbete med syfte att skapamöjlighet att i realtid presentera för lastbilsföraren vilka vägar och broarsom är en del av transportdispensen. Detta skulle ske genom att utveckla ettkartstöd för lastbilens fordonsdator med anslutning till GPS för attvisualisera dispensdokumentet med de angivna vägsträckorna och broarna.Resultatet av examensarbetet är ett kartstöd som använder tjänster frånArcGIS Online för att presentera geografisk information för användaren.Bakgrundskartan består av en grundkarta från ArcGIS Online. Övergrundkartan ligger ett GIS-skikt med vägar och ett annat skikt med broar.Information om huruvida fordonet för närvarande färdas på en väg somingår i tillståndet eller inte, samt information om regler som gäller för broarpå vägavsnittet, presenteras för föraren i realtid. Denna informationuppdateras vid varje uppdatering av GPS-positionen..

Today, pigs are moved on farm, between farms, between countries and to abattoirs. This movement of live pigs requires handling practices that are designed for the purpose. The objective of this study was to research the use of paddle in moving pigs, to investigate if there were different methods of paddle practice, explore the time efficiency of different kinds of paddle use and if there were any time variations in methods that varied in intensity of touch. This study was done on two Swedish abattoirs for a total of five weeks. A total of 22 transporters working at two different abattoirs where studied during unloading of pigs at the abattoirs.

I takt med konkurrensen ökar på marknaden väljer många sågverk att i allt högre utsträckning kundanpassa sin produktion mot de krav kunderna ställer på produkterna. Sågverkens produktion bör vara inriktad på att skapa ett så högt värdeutbyte som möjligt där virkets egenskaper och produktionsanläggningens förutsättningar ställs mot de kundönskemål som finns. (Lycken, 2000) I sågverkets justerverk sorteras trävarorna i olika sorteringsklasser, även kallat kvalitetsklasser, samt kapas i exakta längder. För att kunna skapa ett högt värdeutbyte krävs det kunskap dels om vilka av träets egenskaper som är avgörande för värdet med dagens sorteringssystem och dels en insikt i hur volym- och värdeandelar ser ut för olika produkter samt hur olika sorteringsregler styr värdeutbytet. Sedan början av år 2008 har Rörvik Timber Rörvik AB ett BoardMaster-system i sågverkets justerverk som använder färgkamerateknik för att värdeoptimera trävarorna. Examensarbetets syfte är att analysera värdeoptimeringen av trävarorna i justerverket vid sågverket i Rörvik.

Due to increasing regulations regarding new diesel vehicles particulate matteremissions the new Scania truck, Scania Euro 6, has been equipped with a particulatefilter. This component effectively stores the particles in the exhaust gas but must becleaned in order to prevent itself from clogging. The filter is cleaned through aprocess named regeneration which is a thermodynamic process in which thetemperature of the filter is raised through fuel supplied to the exhaust gas.The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the development of improved controlstrategies of the temperature during the regeneration process through thedevelopment of model-based controllers. These controllers are designed in order tohave good performance in stationary as well as automatic regeneration.In order to develop these model-based controllers a model of the system isconstructed. The model is described as a linear thermodynamic grey-box model withflow varying parameters, showing good results in validation.The model provides a simulation environment during the controller design, which isfocused around the development of linear regulators with the exhaust gas mass flowas a scheduling variable whose size determines controllers? mode of operation.

During the migration season in 2013 a study on spawning migrating salmon and the effect of water flow on the behavior was conducted of the salmon at the Forshaga hydropower station in the River Klarälven. The River Klarälven with its nine hydropower plants on the Swedish side, constituting migration obstacles for the migrating salmon. Fortum Generation AB has together with the County Administrative Board restored a salmon trap at the lowermost hydropower station in Forshaga, aiming at making it possible for the salmon to swim into the trap, and thereafter be transported by truck past the power plants and then continue their journey to the spawning grounds on their own. Unfortunately, it is believed that the trap does not work as well as it should. In this study, I focused on salmon position in relation to water flow and if the number of salmon that swam into the fish trap differed between salmon with previous experience of the trap (experienced) and salmon without experience (unexperienced).

Compressed air is a low efficiency media, and is thus very expensive to produce. This thesis work began by mind mapping how to create savings on the compressed air system at Billerud Skärblacka AB. Certain issues have been chosen for further studies.In order to identify the consumption of compressed air at PM 8 and 9, several measurements were made. At PM 8 there were not found any pressure drop, only large pressure variations for short periods of time. The causes of these pressure variations were not established.

Ur ett internationellt perspektiv anses Sverige vara ett jämställt land. Trots detta finnsen utpräglad könssegregering på arbetsmarknaden som ett resultat av traditionellaföreställningar om vad som är kvinnliga och manliga yrken. Träindustrin harhistoriskt sett varit en mansdominerad bransch och det är fortfarande svårt för kvinnoratt få anställning inom den branschen. Vid rekrytering av personal finns möjligheterför företag att förändra den demografiska strukturen hos arbetsstyrkan.Med denna bakgrund ämnade denna studie att undersöka rekryteringsprocessen ur ettjämställdhetsperspektiv på ett utvalt företag inom träindustrin. Företaget har delat insina anställda under två yrkeskategorier, tjänstemän och kollektivpersonal.Underrepresentationen av kvinnor är mest märkbar bland kollektivpersonal och därförstuderades skillnader i hur rekryteringsprocessen ser ut mellan yrkeskategorierna.Studiens resultat visade att jämställdhetsperspektivet inte beaktas i samtliga momentav rekryteringsprocessen.

The work that is the basis of this Master Thesis was performed on Scania´s group of cabdevelopment, and concerns the GPS-system in Scania´s trucks. Today, the GPS-systemconsists of an active antenna mounted on the roof of the truck. The antenna is connectedto the receiver with a coaxial cable.The purpose with this Master Thesis was to develop and evaluate a new GPS-system,where the information is distributed using a LIN-network. Today, each unit requiringGPS-information is equipped with its own antenna and receiver. This solution has beenthe most cost effective to this point.

This thesis has been done on a haulage contractor company named GP-Last (AB Gustav Perssons Åkeri) and the purpose with the paper was to analyse their traffic from Malmö to Stockholm and leave suggestions on efforts that GP-Last can use to increase their level of transportation quality. This has been done with two main questions, which problem do they have today and which efforts they need to do to solve their problems? Through a case study with interviews as method to collect data it showed that GP-Last had four main problems.        Not enough information about their freights. The transport planning unit in Malmö doesn?t have the exact delivery address when GP-Last begins to bring in the gods.        There are no clear routes.