Today?s wind power plants are only compensated for their reactive power consumption at no-load. As the wind power plants grow bigger the amount of reactive power they need also increases. This is no longer a problem that can be ignored, especially as the net owners are beginning to charge the reactive power they transport.In this thesis a couple of different methods of compensation and their prices will be discussed and evaluated. Problems, such as self-excitation, that can occur if one fully compensates the wind power plant will also be brought to surface.

Today?s wind power plants are only compensated for their reactive power consumption at no-load. As the wind power plants grow bigger the amount of reactive power they need also increases. This is no longer a problem that can be ignored, especially as the net owners are beginning to charge the reactive power they transport.In this thesis a couple of different methods of compensation and their prices will be discussed and evaluated. Problems, such as self-excitation, that can occur if one fully compensates the wind power plant will also be brought to surface.

Samhället är mer eller mindre konstant utsatt för risker. De flesta av dem är så små, och har kanske till och med så pass obetydande effekter för individen om de realiseras, att vi negligerar dem i våra dagliga beslut. Vid vissa tillfällen står vid dock inför beslut som är betydligt svårare, t.ex. i vilken mån vi ska handla kostsamma försäkringar för stora olyckor som högst osannolikt inträffar men skulle få katastrofala konsekvenser. Liknande situationer uppstår för centrala beslutsfattare där man fattar beslut att genomföra riskreducerande åtgärder i samband med potentiella katastrofer.

Too high levels of noise lead to various health problems and cost society billions of SEK peryear. In this thesis we have examined a model of the A40E articulated hauler at VolvoConstruction Equipment in Braås. We have tried to reduce cabin noise in an articulated hauler,while also providing a way on how to proceed with a machine when the cabin does not measureup to the sound requirement. The best way to find leaks were with a reference source of model4205 and its speaker HP 1001 from Brüel & Kjaer in the cab and then walk around and listen towhere the reference source was more prominent. In this way, we found that the edges and theplugs were sensitive areas.

Rapporten behandlar en produktutveckling av framtidens TV-fäste. Teknik och form hos TV-apparater utvecklas varje dag, detta leder till att TV-fästen måste anpassas för att följa trenderna. I samarbete med företaget People of Lava har en designprocess utförts för att utveckla framtidens TV-fäste.Rapporten behandlar en djup marknadsundersökning där statistiska, kvalitativa samt kvantitativa undersökningar utförs. Detta ligger sedan som grund för en target cost där ett produktionspris söks för att försäkra sig om en önskad vinstmarginal för företaget. Utifrån den bestämda kostnaden genomförs konceptgenereringar där form och funktioner utvecklas.

The purpose of this study is to compare the economic differences between withdraw of forest fuel and withdraw of pulpwood in first thinning, to see which method gives the maximum profitability (income - cost). Another purpose is to investigate the economic impact of the thicket cleaning. The study compares four different methods: i) pulpwood output with thicket cleaning, ii) pulpwood output without thicket cleaning, iii) forest fuel output with thicket cleaning and iv) forest fuel output without thicket cleaning. The study was conducted in a 30-years old stand, dominated by spruce, outside Harg in Uppland. The method that generated the best economic net income was pulpwood without thicket cleaning. It generated a positive net of 1,383 SEK per hectare. Forest fuel output without thicket cleaning also generated a positive net in 720 kronor per hectare.

Arcoma is a company that develops and manufactures X-ray equipment for hospitals. One of the most crucial components is the digital detector. Due to the high cost it is made removable so it could be transferred and used in other X-ray apparatus. The detector is placed in a so called detector holder. The current detector has a rectangular shape which sometimes requires a 90 degree rotation to match the shape of the patient.

Det finns arealer med degenererad skogsmark i tropikerna som kan vara en potential för att bedriva skogsodling och möta framtida efterfrågan av förnyelsebara resurser. Med detta kandidatarbete avsågs att undersöka globala avsättningsmöjligheter för tropiskt lövträvirke och identifiera ett antal inhemska lövträdslag lämpliga för skogsodling på tidigare avverkad och degenererad mark i Peru. Med data från International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) och Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) sammanställdes global produktion och export av tropiska lövträvaror. Därefter identifierades via en litteraturstudie ett bruttourval av kommersiellt gångbara och/eller vanliga inhemska lövträdslag lämpliga för skogsodling i Peru. Fyra av dessa trädslag valdes ut för en närmare beskrivning beträffande deras odlingsegenskaper. Den globala produktionen av tropiskat lövträvaror ökade med ca 21% under perioden 1995-2012, samtidigt minskade den globala exporten under perioden 1990-2012.

In 2003 the libraries of ten municipalities in the northern part of Sweden were each given 10 000 (SEK) by the BIN-project to purchase books on demand instead of making inter-library loans. This attempt was called Köpa på efterfrågan (Purchasing on demand). The purpose of this master thesis is to evalutate Köpa på efterfrågan. The results of the evaluation show that the books purchased on demand were quite popular. Almost all the purchased books were non-fictional with most books being bought within the field of medicin.

The aim of this work is to demonstrate how the net present value (NPV) at the time of the first thinning depends on the spacing after pre-commercial thinning, and show how net value from first thinning in same stand is influenced. This study is performed with models based on non-distant dependent growth models for single trees. Two different growth models have been used, one for cleaning (pre-commercial thinning) and one for thinning. The first one yields stem density distributed over diameter classes. In the second one, (the thinning model), it is possible to choose when thinning should be done, the thinning method, thinning grade and numbers of thinning.

Abstract In high voltage substations there is an increasing demand for computerized equipment, and automation of operation and supervision. The future primary equipment will provide the possibility to collect more information and to provide better control for improved effectiveness. Since ABB has got a large customer target, each product must be custom made to fulfil the customers (often from different countries) demands. Later these products will be configured by engineers who may not be familiar with the tools used at ABB. This is a very expensive and time consuming.

Today?s wind power plants are only compensated for their reactive power consumption at no-load. As the wind power plants grow bigger the amount of reactive power they need also increases. This is no longer a problem that can be ignored, especially as the net owners are beginning to charge the reactive power they transport.In this thesis a couple of different methods of compensation and their prices will be discussed and evaluated. Problems, such as self-excitation, that can occur if one fully compensates the wind power plant will also be brought to surface.

This thesis has been carried out at Diac Metal AB at Torsvik outside of Jönköping. The company produces parts for, amongst others, office furniture and store equipment. The essay will be concentrated on one detail which is included in many of their products.Today the company uses an ordering quantity based on experience which is rarely updated. Furthermore the operations are performed in both the company?s own engineering workshop but also an external workshop.The purpose with the report has been to check whether an updating of today?s batch shaping and ordering system can mean simpler storage control and possibly cost reduction.

Postoperative site infections are the second most common health care associated infection in Sweden. Surgical procedures can lead to postoperative site infection causing great suffer for the patient and an extended care time with an increased cost as a result. In preparation for surgery, it is important that the skin is well prepared with antiseptics to decrease the risk of postoperative site infection. The purpose with this study was to shed light upon the skin preparation before surgery and its significance to postoperative site infection. Ten scientific articles have been scrutinized and compiled and two themes have been identified ? the preoperative and the intraoperative skin preparation.

För tallen finns många alternativa slutanvändningsområden, och kraven på virket varierar. Några egenskaper som har stor betydelse är stamrakhet, grengrovlek, grenvinkel och om det finns sprötkvist eller ej. Kvalitetsförsämringen i Sydsveriges tallskogar kan vara ett allvarligt problem och härör bl.a. till ökad produktion och rationaliseringar inom skogsbruket. Lönsamhet har varit målet, men har det skett på bekostnad av kvalitet?För att närmare belysa frågan om förekomsten av tall av god kvalitet syftar denna studie till att bedöma rotstockar i konventionellt skötta och stamkvistade bestånd samt deras potential att växa in i värdefulla klasser eller sortiment.Fältstudien är avgränsad till Bergslagen.