Testosteron/ anabola steroider är kroppens kraftigaste uppbyggande hormon. Som läkemedel utnyttjas dessa effekter i mycket liten utsträckning idag. Syftet med studien var att kritiskt granska den vetenskapliga litteraturen om användningen av testosteron/ anabola steroiders effekter vid rehabilitering av sjukdomstillstånd/ skada. En sytematisk översikt av litteraturen genomfördes. 18 RCT-studier uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna och granskades kritiskt enligt PEDro-scale.

This essay is a study that contributes to the larger research question ?Why do farms shut down?? The subject was chosen because it is a relevant problem that needs to be studied more. This study's boundary is to investigate the reasons for decisions leading to the farms at the Torstuna community, Fjärdhundra, changes in any activity scale or the outlook of the entire farm. When a decision is made, there are usually several reasons behind it and it is these reasons which this essay is aiming to study. The question "What are the reasons for the elderly to live on the farm even though the farm is not cultivated by them?" is also covered in the study.

Sammanfattning Syftet var att studera om personers attributioner skiljer sig åt mellan positiva och negativa prestationer. Dessutom undersöktes kön- och åldersaspekter, samt skillnader mellan icke-idrottare, motionärer, individuella och lagidrottare gällande attributionsstil och situationsspecifikt självförtroende. Vidare syftade arbetet till att studera samband mellan attributionsdimensionerna och situationsspecifikt självförtroende. Urvalet bestod av 115 försökspersoner i åldern 16 till 67 år. För att mäta attributioner användes Causal Dimension Scale ? II (CDS-II; McAuley, Duncan, & Russell, 1992) och för att mäta situationspsecifikt självförtroende användes General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE; Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995, ref.

BAKGRUND: Stress är ett nutida folkhälsoproblem som drabbar båda könen även om individer reagerar med olika symptom när de utsätts för olika stressorer. Forskning visar att stressorer skiljer sig åt för män och kvinnor och att de hanterar dem på olika sätt. Stress har visat sig påverka utveckling av sjukdom och dödlighet och har således betydelse församhällets vårdkostnader och sociala utgifter. Det saknas i dagsläget forskning som undersöker stress ur ett genusperspektiv och dess konsekvenser för den upplevda hälsan. SYFTE: Syftet med studien var att med mätinstrumentet Percieved Stress Scale undersökaom genus påverkar stress hos män och kvinnor eller om stressen beror på individen eller miljön.

Facebook. Ett fenomen som på relativt kort tid fått en allt större inverkan påmänniskors liv. Men vad händer när det tar överhanden? När vad som var tänktsom en social plattform för att hålla kontakt med vänner blir till ett beroende? Denhär explorativa studien utforskar Facebook-beroende bland vad som enligt tidigareforskning anses vara en riskgrupp: gymnasieungdomar. Hur stor andel avgymnasieungdomarna skulle kunna vara beroende av Facebook, och finns detaspekter av deras fritidsliv, umgängespreferenser, hälsa och Facebook-användandesom verkar kunna bidra till ett beroende? Med hjälp av en kvantitativ ansats dären översatt version av den norska Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale har delats ut ienkätform undersöks Facebook och dess inverkan på gymnasieungdomar på enskola i Göteborgsområdet, och resultaten visar att en betydande andel avgymnasieungdomarna skulle kunna vara beroende av Facebook.

Due to the growing wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) population in Sweden there has been an increase in wild boar related traffic accidents, damage on cropland, and conflicts regarding the management of the wild boar. Knowing what makes the wild boar reproduce and survive more or less successfully in different geographic areas is an important part of managing the population. According to previous studies the wild boars rate of increase varies from county to county. The aim of this study was to test, on the county scale level, if landscape composition and diversity as well as people and hunter densities might be the reason for this variation. The first hypothesis was that a big proportion of forests and cropland would increase the rate of increase.

Until 2020, 49% of Sweden's use of energy must derive from renewable sources. Greenhouse gases must as well decline with 40% compared to 1990 as a part of Sweden's 16 environmental objectives. Biogas is part of the effort to achieve these objectives, but as the demand for biogas increases, more substrates are needed to meet the demand. The purpose is to investigate the conditions for pea residue as substrate by performing lab-scale mesophilic digestion with different fractions and notch lengths and then to summarize pea residue as a substrate for biogas production. During anaerobic digestion, 1000 ml bottles were used as reactors for digestion.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka fallrelaterad self-efficacy mätt med Falls Efficacy Scale (Swedish version) (FES(S)) samt att beräkna rekommenderade referensvärden för totalpoängen på FES(S) hos friska äldre män och kvinnor indelade i åldersgrupperna 65-75 år samt > 75 år. Vidare syftade studien till att undersöka om det fanns några skillnader i resultatet mellan åldersgrupperna samt mellan män och kvinnor.Undersökningsgruppen bestod av totalt 70 individer över 65 års ålder, varav 45 var kvinnor och 25 var män. Testdeltagarna kontaktades via PRO i Uppsala. Även vänner och bekanta till författarna deltog i studien. Testdeltagarnas fallrelaterade self-efficacy undersöktes med hjälp av instrumentet FES(S), där testdeltagarna fick skatta hur säkra de känner sig på att utföra 13 olika vardagsaktiviteter utan att falla, maximal poäng 130.Resultatet visade att det rekommenderade referensvärdet för totalpoängen på FES(S) blev 124 poäng för kvinnor i åldern 65-75 år och 126 poäng för män i samma ålder.

Räddningstjänsten är ett yrke där risktagande är en del av vardagen för personalen, det finns många olika faktorer som påverkar hur och varför ett beslut tas före och under en räddningsinsats. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka skillnader i risktagande mellan befattningar inom räddningstjänsten, baserat på faktorer som sensationssökning och synen på den egna kontrollen av handlingar och dess konsekvenser. Metoden som användes var en webenkät baserad på två validerade tester för att undersöka dessa faktorer; Sensation Seeking Scale samt Locus of Control-test. Sammanlagt deltog 17 stycken respondenter och alla var män, befattningarna varierade mellan brandman, styrkeledare, insatsledare, ställföreträdande räddningschef samt räddningschef. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad i sensationssökning mellan befattningarna där de lägre befattningarna hade störst sensationssökning.

This paper is based on a literature review and interviews made with managers in small-scale nurseries for pot plant production. The review helped to identify the worst occupational hazards in pot plant production. The interviews provided a way to investigate how the nurseries act so as to avoid the worst hazards and what they do to even out work intensive periods during the season in order to get a more even distribution of work over the year. According to available statistics problems with back and shoulders are the most common of the physical disorders and the risk for occupational accidents are high for greenhouse workers. Most of the occupational injuries are connected to musculoskeletal problems. The handling of material is often manual and involves frequent lifting and carrying of heavy loads, the strenuous work postures and static muscular tensions these repetitive tasks are associated with causes straining and overloading.

During the last year?s Swedish agriculture have had difficult times, with decreasing prices and at the same time increasing production costs, which has led to bad profitability and faith in the future. The dairies in Sweden have also had a rough time and there have been large rationalizations during the years. In the beginning of the 20th century there were almost 1700 diaries in the Swedish countryside. There has been a large technical development during the 20th century resulting in a decrease in diaries to only 46 in the whole country today. They are owned by 15 diary companies, of which 7 large and dominate on the market and the rest are small-scale companies. With this development the confidence and feeling for the diary companies also has decreased.

In the city of Kungälv, there are many important green areas without park lightning. This makes it unsafe to walk through the city's most attractive surroundings during many parts of the year. Partly in general and partly specifically for Kungälv, this paper shows that there are strong long-term arguments for making parks available by the use of lightning. This is not about lightening up the whole city, but finding the important green communication paths and parks. This paper also reflects upon how to lighten up these green communication paths and parks for best result. That is a question about creating good sight conditions ? safe and attractive parks which attracts people to use them. Offering a city's inhabitants good and attractive alternatives to using the car is an important task for city planers.

The calculations in this thesis are evaluating the profit as a consequence from treating young stands of pine in Sweden with birch bark extract, BBE. Treatment is to be done with the object to lower or fully reduce the moose browsing on pine. The study is made in three versions. The results from each version separately will follow below. Version I.: The size of the moose population is in no way affected by the reduced resources of food as a consequence of large scale treatment with BBE on pine. Results show profit at a 3 percent level of interest with the exception of treatment program with more than 4 treatments all together and with the exception of Västerbottens Län with an early first treatment. Version II.: The population of moose decrease from 10 to 5 individuals per 1000 ha as a consequence from large scale treatment with BBE on young pine stands.

Käppala wastewater treatment plant situated on the island of Lidingö northeast of Stockholm is running a project during 2004 and 2005 with the purpose to map out the capacity of anaerobic digestion in the digesters that treat primary and excess sludge. The purpose of this thesis work, which is part of that project, was to characterize the present anaerobic digestion process and to investigate its capacity to treat other organic wastes such as restaurant waste and waste from water works. To decide the potential of both methane and biogas production from different substrates batch laboratory tests were carried out. To imitate the anaerobic digestion process at Käppala continuous tests with small scale reactors were carried out. These reactors were later fed with restaurant waste.The batch laboratory tests showed that primary sludge had a potential biogas and methane production of 0,62 and 0,35 Ndm3/g VS respectively after 40 days of digestion.

The access to good sanitary facilities is an important factor that elevates the experienced living standard as it improves hygiene and reduces the transmission of deseases. The ratification of the millennium goals by 189 countries demonstrates that this is an important international issue. Together the countries have taken upon themselves that the proportion of the population that lacked access to sustainable safe drinking water and sanitary facilities in the year 2000 will have been reduced by half by the year 2015. In Peru, the construction of sewage pipe networks to transport the sewage out of the direct human environment is progressing. The safety and sustainability of these systems can be questioned, since in Peru the sewage seldom receive any treatment before being emitted to a recipient. This is taking place in Picota and sorrunding villages as well. In the last 25 years several systems implementing small-scale onsite treatment have been introduced throughout Latin America in an attempt to give more people access to sustainable and safe sanitary facilities, reducing water consumption and taking advantage of the agricultural values of the sewage fractions while protecting the environment from its negative impact. In this study three different sanitary systems and the effects of different population growths were compared.