Age is one of two new discriminatory grounds in Swedish law. EU took official position against age discrimination by means of Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. From January the 1st 2009 it is, by Diskrimineringslag (2008:567), illegal in Sweden to discriminate anyone based on age. The law covers all age groups and is applicable to various fields in society. Age differ from other discriminatory grounds since everyone has an age.

AbstractThis essay begins with a presentation of the complex set of problems which relate to the interaction between freedom of speech and the ban against discrimination based on a person's race, the colour of their skin or ethnic origin, confession of faith or sexual preference (BrB 16:8, incitement to racial hatred). Can conflicts arise between freedom of speech and the ban against discrimination? To shed light on this question, we have chosen to look at the issue from a new perspective. This perspective is based on the new challenges faced by Swedish society as a result of the changed composition of our population, our membership in the EU and our acknowledgment of certain international conventions concerning human rights.Fifty years ago our population almost solely comprised of ?native Swedes?.

Zambia is a country in Southern Africa where poverty is widespread and the traditional keeping of local poultry therefore plays a crucial role in improving nutrition. Meat and eggs from poultry are important sources of protein but also of income. Improving the poultry production is thereby a method to fight poverty. For poultry, the access to light is an important factor for both growth and egg production. In this paper, the focus is on the traditional village chickens used for both egg and meat production, how they are kept, their health and welfare and if the use of a solar lamp will influence their behaviour, growth and egg production. Three studies were conducted in Chibombo and Choma Districts in Zambia were 17 farmers were interviewed regarding the village chicken management of which six farmers participated in a solar lamp experiment.

Unlike the manufacturing industry, the construction industry is always in motion. Each new construction project brings new opportunities, and it requires a new plan, new organisation, and new suppliers. All construction projects are very different from each other and in terms of a logistical perspective, this is very weak as it makes it difficult to get a flow in the production and to make flawless routines. The way the external and internal logistics are managed, can effect the final product in the time taken to produce it, the quality of the product and the profit made from it. When internal logistics are handled poorly, it could result in materials not being at the right place at the right time, or information not going through to the right person.

Companies within the e-commerce industry currently try to overcome the disadvantages of not being able to provide a physical inspection of products, and this is especially an issue for the apparel industry. One way of trying to overcome this issue is by presenting apparel with a short video of a model wearing the garment. The aim in this thesis is to investigate how these video presentations affect consumers' emotions, cognitions and intentions. Since previous studies have found that different shopping scenarios can moderate the effect of stimuli in the atmosphere on the consumers' emotions, we also aim to see if a video presentation, depending on the shopping scenario, could have a negative impact on site visitors. Moreover this thesis investigates the moderating effects of involvement on consumers' cognitions.

De yttre och inre motivatorer i, såväl som lång- och kortsiktiga planer och mål som påverkar oss att göra de val vi gör varierar från person till person. Denna undersökning syftade till att undersöka gymnasieungdomars egen syn på de faktorer som påverkat deras val av skolor och gymnasieprogram samt vad de själva såg som drivkrafter för sina studier. Åttiotre gymnasiestuderande deltagare, 43 kvinnor och 41 män, i årskurserna 1, 2, och 3 studerande på yrkesförberedande och studieförberedande gymnasieprogram fick svara på en enkät med såväl kvantitativa som kvalitativa frågor. Skolvalen föreföll baserade på liknande omständigheter för deltagarna, i första hand bekvämlighetsskäl, men gymnasieprogrammen valdes i stor utsträckning på grund av intresse och/eller framtidsplaner. De målbilder deltagarna satt upp varierade och hade i många fall ändrats under gymnasietiden vilket kan tyda på att gymnasievalen gjorts i för tidig ålder för vissa individer..

Nationella socialförsäkringssystem är inte anpassade för internationella situationer. Problem beträffande socialförsäkringstillhörighet kan därför uppstå när en person arbetar i flera länder samtidigt. EU har skapat ett samordningssystem för att nationella regler ska passa ihop i internationella situationer. Samordningssystemet uppdaterades nyligen genom införandet av förordning nr 883/2004 samt tillhörande tillämpningsförordning som ersatte förordning nr 1408/71 och dess tillämpningsförordning.Samordningssystemet innehåller lagvalsregler som pekar ut vilket stats lagstiftning som är tillämplig på en person i en gränsöverskridande situation. Endast ett lands lagstiftning kan tillämpas på en viss situation.

During the last year in the Innovation Engineering Program, at Halmstad University, a degree project was performed that was carried out during Fall semester in 2006 and Spring semester 2007. The project was performed by two students in corporation with LIC Audio AB, a company in Stockholm. The degree project was meant to result in a communication aid for people with a cognitive handicap. The project focused on people suffering from dementia because of the expressed need within this group. This aid should first and foremost help in a conversation between a person with dementia and another person, like a relative or nursing home staff.

The legal right to take time off from work to care for one`s children has been regulated in Swedish law since late 1930. This right was limited to mothers and was provided under restricted forms. There was a long qualification period and the length of parental leave was limited.Since then, the right to parental leave has been extended through several modifications of the law. The question of equality in both the labour market and the private sector has been one of the greatest forces behind these changes. By including men in the right to take parental leave, the work place has become more equal and it is now considered a natural part of the employee?s life to request time off to care for children.Labour Arbitration Court has shown through its case law that equality in the work place is of the utmost importance and has shown its support in this matter through its judgements.

Bullying in workplaces has been a growing problem the last ten years. Anyone can be a victim or a bully. Either you are a leader or a worker a bullying situation can be activated. There is no difference between ages, line of business, education or the size of the firm. A person is defined as bullied if he or she is repeatedly subjected to negative acts in the workplace. However, to be a victim of such bullying one must also feel inferiority in defending oneself in the actual situation. Bullying often occurs when situations or conditions at the workplace are unsatisfactory. Employers are always responsible for the working environment at the workplace. Victims of bullying very often develop psychological stress. To prevent bullying you have to accept the fact that bullying exists. If the company has a clear policy against bullying and a plan for action if the problem occurs, it will be easier to handle the situation.

Uppsatsen handlar om tryckfrihets- och yttrandefrihetsbrott och då speciellt brotten mot enskild person, såsom förtal, förtal av avliden person och förolämpningar. I dagens massmedia verkar det som gränserna för etik tänjs till det yttersta. Frågan är om media inte har tagit sin informationsskyldighet för långt och om det finns grund för publiciteten av människors privatliv. Är verkligen allt som publiceras till allmänhetens nytta eller är det bara för att tillfredsställa människors nyfikenhet. Visserligen skall sådant som efterfrågas tas upp, men hur långt skall media gå in i någons privatliv.

Concrete floors have traditionally had no problems with annoying vibrations. However with the demand for larger spans the floors need to be made more slender with a higher degree of utilization and lower mass. Therefore new floors may have problems with vibration serviceability. This thesis studies the vibration characteristics of hollow core slabs. The analysis was made in the finite element program Ansys. The hollow core slab was subjected to a varying force simulating one person walking across the slab.

Med utgångspunkt i rollteorins begrepp position och roll undersöks i uppsatsen hur individen intar enposition och på så sätt kan spela den roll som tillhör positionen. Att människor spelar roller i olikasammanhang är inget nytt, men frågan är hur de går tillväga. I uppsatsen intervjuas tre skådespelare som samtliga är fast anställda på en medelstor institutionsteater i Sverige. Intervjuerna fokuserarfrämst på repetitionsperioden och hur samspelet mellan person och roll fungerar i skådespelarensarbete med en pjäs. Dessa intervjuer analyseras sedan med utgångspunkt i rollteorin och med hjälpav ytterligare teorier, främst socialpsykologiska.

This study is a part of a larger project where the aim has been to evaluate different methods to assure the quality in stallion semen, due to the fact that some stallions in horse breeding have poor semen quality. The increased use of transport semen requires new methods to ensure good semen quality. In this part of the project the viability and concentration in fresh and cooled semen was examined with NucleoCounter SP-100. A comparison between two different commercially available semen extenders, Kenney?s and INRA 96, was made.

AbstractThis study deals with the tours carried out in the manufacturing sector, at Alfa Laval in Eskilstuna. A large number of visitors, from a variety of backgrounds, go there to see how the manufacturing of separators works. With visitors I refer to the company?s customers, suppliers, students, in- house trainee courses, managers and senior citizens groups.The study examines how these tours can be standardized using spatial design. The result shows the importance of working systematically with visualizing the work as well as the environment for optimizing the visitor's understanding.