Our lives in urban areas are becoming more and more inactive with negative effects on our mental and physical health. Natural environments and physical activity have the power to both prevent and reduce mental fatigue. Meanwhile we engage ourselves with physical activity, the nature fascinates us with its complexity. In April 2006, some of the visitors to the recreational area of Skrylle were asked to fill in a questionnaire which included questions about their habits within physical activity and the experience of nature. The questionnaires were then divided into two groups: those filled out by persons who exercise on regular basis (i.e. three or several times/week) and those who rarely exercise.

The aim of this project is to examine the needs and problems that exists amongst homeless people and to develop a solution that will help them in their everyday life. Since the homeless are a relatively large vulnerable group i Sweden, their everyday lives could be made easier in many ways.A clear definition of the target group is put together to create a good starting point. What state and help orginazations do to help the homelss and the society?s view of the homeless is also relevant and has been documented. Four personal stories have been put together to desicribe cases of clear problems existing in everyday life.Several interesting problems has been defined from the research and acceptance in the communtiy, desire to be seen and heard and a lack of confidence were the main needs.

The dry out criterion (MCPR) has been calculated for the most limiting H2-events for Forsmarks unit 2 and 3, at operating points that are normally not analyzed before each cycle. The operating points that normally are regarded as the ones with the lowest margin to dry out are the ones where the thermal power is the highest at agiven recirculation flow. This report shows that this is not the case for Forsmark 3. MCPR-values at partial power operating points are higher for the limiting case inside rather than on the boundary of the region of operation. It is therefore recommended that the method for determining the dry out criterion for Forsmark 3 is revised to account for this effect.

Trots att hjärtinfarkt fortfarande är den enskilt vanligaste dödsorsaken i Sverige har överlevnadsstatistiken ständigt ökat under det senaste decenniet. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att undersöka patientens upplevelse av att ha drabbats av hjärtinfarkt med fokus på upplevelse av mening, lidande och den mellanmänskliga relationen med sjuksköterskan. En modifierad version av Goodmans sju steg nyttjades som metod. Resultatet visar att en andlig övertygelse hos patienten kan hjälpa denne att finna mening med sitt insjuknande. Patienterna upplevde lidande i form av fatigue, fysiska begränsningar, oro inför framtiden, rädsla inför döden, förlust av kontroll samt ett förändrat självförtroende.

År 1987 trädde en ny byggnadslag i kraft, Plan- och bygglagen(PBL). I och med den nya lagen minskade kommunens och byggnadsnämndens kontroll av projekteringshandlingar och besiktningar ute på arbetsplatsen. Efter lagändringen beror den slutgiltiga kvaliteten på en byggnad i större utsträckning på byggherrens och entreprenörernas egenkontroll. P.g.a. olika intressekonflikter inom kommunen, och att det kan förekomma starka kopplingar mellan byggherre och entreprenör, är det inte alltid självklart att kommunens tillsyn vid nybyggnation gällande till exempel egenskapskrav på energihushållning och värmeisolering utförs tillfredsställande.Med ovanstående i åtanke undersökte vi fyra flerbostadshus, två i Värnamo kommun samt två i Kristianstad.

The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate different types of measures for making buildings more energy efficient and to estimate their profitability. The calculations were performed with the building simulation program VIP+ and the evaluation of the profitability with the life cycle cost method. Furthermore, it was examined how losses in the distribution of secondary systems of district heating can be avoided. Options to replace district heating with a local district heating system based on bio-energy have been investigated. The possibilities of achieving more efficient thermal energy consumption and production for the chosen estate were also examined.The object of the study has been a residential estate with 133 detached houses in Uppsala, built in 1974.

Aim: The aim was to describe adult patients quality of life after cardiac arrest and resuscitation with CPR. Method: A literature overview based on eight scientific articles and one master thesis. Results: The result is presented in three categories, physical, psychological and social quality of life. Sleeping disorders, fatigue and low energy level affected the physical quality of life in a negative way. The psychological quality of life was often impaired the first time after the cardiac arrest, to be improved over time.

Background: Fibromyalgia is a disease wich involve cronic pain and fatigue. The disease has appeared for a long time, but it has resently become possible to diagnose. It is still unclear what cause the disease, and the treatment of it is therefore still diffuse. The lack of knowledge leads to a lot of discussions and the diagnosis is questioned. Purpose: To study how patients with fibromyalgia experineces the attitudes from staff in hospitals and health centers.

This paper aims to, through a literature review, examine how to best design and adapt calf huts to meet the calf's physiological requirements and reduce the infection pressure for enteric and respiratory diseases. It illuminates how the calf relates to different temperatures and climate, which temperature control mechanisms it uses and its ability to perform these regulations, as well as providing a summary of the past decades´ research on the calf huts housing system. These two theory chapters, along with a concluding discussion, provide a better understanding of how to, especially in temperate climates, design the most suitable calf hut, which cater to the calf's both thermal comfort and physical health. The literature suggests that the calf's own temperature control works well to counteract the temperature outside the desired range, and that one of the most important factors rather is ventilation of a calf hut, which reduces moisture and pathogens. The conclusion of this paper is mainly that there is not an obvious way to place and construct a calf hutch and that most design principles contribute to both positive and negative effects simultaneously.

At Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB (FKA) forces on pipe systems due to transient flow are frequently calculated as a step to verify their structural integrity. In nuclear industries these forces are often calculated with a one dimensional thermal-hydraulic analysis-code called RELAP5. When calculations regarding more complex geometries are needed, the three dimensional code Fluent is often used. This code is highly time consuming and requires large computational power.This projects aim is to compare calculations of pressure, flow and forces carried out by RELAP5 and Fluent for an arbitrary pipe section during transient flow conditions. This has been accomplished by constructing a simple geometry for which a transient flow is simulated in both programs.

Background: Patients with cancer of the lung have to endure a quantity of physical, psychological and social difficulties. In their exposed position they are in need of help and support to pull through the situation. With the knowledge of factors effecting lung cancer patients? quality of life, it will be easier to give the help and support they need. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe factors effecting lung cancer patients quality of life from the patient?s perspective.

I Sverige lider uppskattningsvis cirka 200 000 individer av hjärtsvikt. Det är av betydelse att förstå hjärtsvikt ur ett helhetsperspektiv eftersom sjukdomen påverkar individen på många olika sätt. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka hur patienter med hjärtsvikt upplever sitt dagliga liv. Fokus lades också på hur sjuksköterskan utförde omvårdnadsåtgärder utifrån dessa upplevelser. Forskningsprocessen inspirerades av Goodmans sju olika steg.

Åtta tusen personer är drabbade av njursjsukdom i Sverige, det är därför troligt att den svenska sjuksköterskan träffar på dessa patienter i sitt dagliga arbete. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva livskvalitet och copingstrategier hos människor som lever med kronisk njursvikt, detta genom att granska och sammanställa vetenskaplig litteratur. Tre frågeställningar användes. Den första var vilka faktorer som påverkar livskvaliteten hos patienter med kronisk njursvikt. Den andra frågeställningen var om patientens livskvalitet skiljer sig åt beroende på vilken behandling som ges och den tredje var vilka copingstrategier dessa patienter använder.

Idag är kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom den fjärde största dödsorsaken i världen. Sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde är att ständigt arbeta med patientens omvårdnad, där patienten i högsta möjliga mån skall vara självständig, oberoende och delaktig i omvårdnaden. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva hur fysisk aktivitet kan påverka patienters hälsa vid kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom. Metoden var att utföra en litteraturstudie där sökningar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed som resulterade i tio vetenskapliga artiklar som sedan granskades och analyserades. Resultatet presenterades i fyra kategorier; fysisk styrka, viktminskning, symtombegränsning och livskvalitet.

Antalet personer med kronisk njursvikt ökar i Sverige, orsakat av att diabetesnefropati ökar, som en följd av att allt fler får diabetes mellitus typ 2. Peritonealdialys är en behandling för personer med kronisk njursvikt och kan skötas i hemmet. Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur peritonealdialys inverkar på dagligt liv bland personer med kronisk njursvikt. Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie och vetenskapliga artiklar har sökts via elektroniska databaser och manuella sökningar. Femton artiklar granskades och analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys.