This master thesis concerns whether Swedish non-financial listed firms act in accordance with the optimal capital structure theory and/or pecking order theory. The examined period is 1998-2004 and we discover that Swedish companies neither follow optimal capital structure theory nor pecking order theory. From our results we conclude that there exists no single point of the capital structure which is optimal. Rather it seems as if the optimal point lies in-between an interval from 0 to the industry average, where firms tend to be indifferent to their debt-ratios. Our results show that Swedish companies prefer internal financing followed by equity and as last choice debt issuance..

The amounts of theories that deal with naval warfare are many. Several of those are developed under the previous century when tactics and technology were in the eve of development. Many of modern thinkers within science of war often refer to older but recognized theories. The purpose of this essay is to examine if the old but recognized theories are of current interest in modern naval warfare. The questions that are used in this essay are, what is the characteristics of the war of Yom Kippur with Mahan?s offensive and Corbett?s defensive as a starting-point and are there any of the theories that are prominent.

Genom att studera ledares motivation och tillfredsställelse i relation till motivationsteorin Self-Determination Theory (SDT) söktes stöd för undersökningens syfte och frågeställningar: hur respektive kön i ledarpositioner motiveras på arbetsplatsen i förhållande SDT ? om de är självbestämmande eller kontrollerade samt om det finns en relation mellan motivation och tillfredsställelse. Frågeformulär besvarades av 48 män och 93 kvinnor i olika ledarpositioner. Data analyserades i form av t-tester, ett Chi-Square-test, kategoriseringar samt ett beräknande av Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale. Resultatet visade att den inre liksom den mest självbestämmande och minst kontrollerade motivationstypen motiverade mest utifrån självbestämmande profiler samt att det finns en relation mellan upplevelsen av motivation och tillfredsställelse.

Studies of networks, fields and of communicative circulations complement each other. This master thesis is a biographical study of an author and journalist, Gustaf Montgomery GM, his network in Sweden of the early 19th century, and a study of his authorship and literary career. The starting-point of the study is GM:s change of field from the conservative to the liberal in 1832. The aim is to give explanations to this change and to describe how the change in turn effected the network. The method used is critical of sources.

BAKGRUND: Stress är ett nutida folkhälsoproblem som drabbar båda könen även om individer reagerar med olika symptom när de utsätts för olika stressorer. Forskning visar att stressorer skiljer sig åt för män och kvinnor och att de hanterar dem på olika sätt. Stress har visat sig påverka utveckling av sjukdom och dödlighet och har således betydelse församhällets vårdkostnader och sociala utgifter. Det saknas i dagsläget forskning som undersöker stress ur ett genusperspektiv och dess konsekvenser för den upplevda hälsan. SYFTE: Syftet med studien var att med mätinstrumentet Percieved Stress Scale undersökaom genus påverkar stress hos män och kvinnor eller om stressen beror på individen eller miljön.

Animal welfare can be measured in several different ways; for example by using animal-based measurements. It has been shown that register data from the Swedish Official Milk Recording Scheme can be helpful when identifying herds at risk of having poor animal welfare, which led to a development of the advisory service of ?Ask the Cow? and the web report ?Animal Welfare Signals?. The aim of this project was to find out if register data from ?Animal Welfare Signals? can be used as a screening tool for detecting herds at risk of having poor animal welfare and in need of an ?Ask the Cow?.

This master thesis is a result of the work carried out for Research Electronics at Siljansnäs. The company develops customized electronical systems. Because of the rapidly increasing interest in colour displays there has been a desire within the company to represent information from sensors and electrical systems in a more advanced way.Due to the mentioned reason above we were given the assignment to solve how a colour display using the STN technique works. The technique is used by small displays, the size of QVGA. Our ambition of this diploma work is to develop a fully functionally test prototype to evaluate the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and the LCD controller.

Facebook. Ett fenomen som på relativt kort tid fått en allt större inverkan påmänniskors liv. Men vad händer när det tar överhanden? När vad som var tänktsom en social plattform för att hålla kontakt med vänner blir till ett beroende? Denhär explorativa studien utforskar Facebook-beroende bland vad som enligt tidigareforskning anses vara en riskgrupp: gymnasieungdomar. Hur stor andel avgymnasieungdomarna skulle kunna vara beroende av Facebook, och finns detaspekter av deras fritidsliv, umgängespreferenser, hälsa och Facebook-användandesom verkar kunna bidra till ett beroende? Med hjälp av en kvantitativ ansats dären översatt version av den norska Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale har delats ut ienkätform undersöks Facebook och dess inverkan på gymnasieungdomar på enskola i Göteborgsområdet, och resultaten visar att en betydande andel avgymnasieungdomarna skulle kunna vara beroende av Facebook.

Ambitionen med detta gestaltande examensarbete var att utforma ett adekvat läromedel för teckning som är väl förankrat i Läroplanen för grundskolan förskoleklassen och fritidshemmets 2011 (Lgr 11) kursplan för Bild i högstadiet. Detta söktes uppnås genom en studie av tidigare relevant forskning och genom ett test av det läromedel, Hjälp! Jag Tecknar, som producerades i och med den gestaltande processen. Arbetet kan sägas vara uppdelat i två delar, å ena sidan utvecklingen av ett läromedel och å andra sidan ett test av samma läromedel. Testet genomfördes genom en frivillig kursverksamhet med barn och ungdomar som kunde tänka sig att deltaga i utvecklingen av läromedlet. Resultatet visar främst på möjligheter med Hjälp! Jag Tecknar och hur boken skulle kunna motarbeta, framförallt, inaktivitet och underlätta för en läsare att just teckna.

Light has always fascinated humans but ever since the invention of the first light bulb, the use of artificial lighting has accelerated dramatically. Darkness has never been as rare as today and the overuse of lighting has created a new phenomenon called light pollution. Most living beings are biologically dependent on the recurrent twenty-four-hour rhythm of light and darkness, called the circadian cycle. Human beings are evolutionary developed after this circadian rhythm and the effects of constant artificial light is yet unknown. Scientists fear the consequences of constant lighting and what it means physically, mentally and philosophically for the human species.

The purpose of this Masters thesis is to examine the debate concerning Agnes von Krusenstjernas Fröknarna von Pahlen-novels from a ideological analytic perspective. This debate came to be called The Krusenstjerna feud Krusenstjernafejden and was most intensive in the years 1934-35 after Porten vid Johannes and Älskande par had been published. We examine 8 articles using a text analytic method. We have limited ourselves to public material that is available in Swedish press and Swedish magazines. Our ambition is, through this, to determine the articles authors political point of view and ideas of preference.

The aim of this study was to analyze the assessment of the national tests seen from the teacher?s perspective. The national tests are performed in the Swedish school, classes 3, 5, 9, and the upper secondary school (gymnasiet). There has been an ongoing discussion regarding assessment and grading for a long time and it is of high interest now more than ever. The last control assessment done in 2009 by the department of school inspections on the order of the Swedish government, showed big differences between the assessments done by the teachers, and the assessments completed by the department of school inspections.

Portable is a project with its starting point in plastic bags, how they negatively affect our planet and how people´s patterns of behavior and qualities of life are affected when people try to live more envi¬ronmentally friendly. Now we have reached the point when peoples way of living and consuming in the western world has to change. This is nothing new and we can now see that sustainability is start¬ing to get attention in every area.Today plastic bags are used on average for 12 minutes. Only one out of 200 is reused, and then only once . This is not sustainable at all.

This study has been conducted in order to determine the existence of predictability for the Stockholm stock exchange. With this purpose the random walk theory has been raised against the theory of mean reversion in order to determine which theory is the most substantial. Data has been collected from Nasdaq OMX Nordic and furtherly been processed using the statistical software EViews. Swedish listed companies? daily share values between 2000-2014 have been analyzed using two tests; an Augmented Dickey Fuller test and a Variance Ratio test.

Abstract The use of electronic media plays an important part in the life of youth and especially Internet and mobile phones are important in the social and cultural networks of youth. The first step of this thesis is to examine the ICT-based activities of upper secondary school students through an online survey. The second step is to examine what didactic implications can be derived from the ICT-based activities in the subject of Swedish. Results from this survey and national and international research show that young people spend the majority of their leisure time on the Internet. The result also shows that media activities displace other school related activities such as traditional reading and writing.