The purposes of litteratur review were to describe patients experiences of living with HIV/AIDS and and their expectations when in contact with care/healthcare. As theoretical frame has Antonovsky, A (1991) salutogenic model, sense of coherence been used. After analyzing the content of the litterature it resulted in 5 categories of experiences and 3 categories regarding expectations. The categories that regards experiences were, to feel frustration and dependance, to switch between hope and despair and suicidal thoughts, to be able to cope with the changing self and to feel social support. The categories that regards expectations were, to feel proffessionalism/competence, to get caring treatment and feeling secure, to feel engagement/individuality in caring.

This essay focuses on how women and the woman emancipation are described in high school history textbooks from the years 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000, using the theories history consciousness and gender. Two textbooks are analyzed from each period. There are several gender theories, in this essay it is Yvonne Hirdman?s theory concerning woman- and gender history that is used. This means that the woman emancipation and women?s history are analyzed from the perspectives invisible, add, and-, how- and gender history.

Syftet med denna undersökning var att ta reda på vilken förståelse elever i skolår 5 och 6 har om begreppen HIV och AIDS. Vidare ville vi undersöka vilken skillnad det fanns mellan de två skolåren. Eftersom vi valde att göra en kvantitativ undersökning, blev enkät som underökningsmetod vårt val. 106 elever deltog i undersökningen, 50 elever i skolår 5 och 56 elever i skolår 6. Resultatet visade att många elever i skolår 6 hade förståelse för begreppen men endast en elev i skolår 5 hade den förståelse som vi sökte..

Bakgrund: Antalet personer som lever med HIV/AIDS-infektion var 2008 1,6 miljoner i Tanzania. Personer i åldrarna 15-24 år som har tillräcklig kunskap om HIV/AIDS-infektion i Tanzania ligger på ungefär 45 % 2005 (www.globalis.se). Stor orsak till att HIV/AIDS-infektion fortfarande ökar är att kunskapen kring hur det smittar eller hur man skyddar sig inte är särskilt utbredd. HIV/AIDS-infekterade riskerar att bli stigmatiserade pga. fördomar som finns i samhället.

Bakgrund: Hiv/aids är en kronisk infektionssjukdom som drabbar immunförsvaret. Viruset smittar via blod, sädesvätska, slidsekret och via förlossning eller amning. Det är vanligt att hiv/aids smittade utsätts för stigmatisering. Stigmatisering innebär diskriminering och nedvärdering av redan utsatta grupper. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hiv/aids smittade personers upplevelser av stigmatisering. Metod: En litteraturstudie av kvalitativ ansats gjordes och den grundades på fem självbiografier. Innehållsanalysen var baserad på en metod gjord av Dahlborg-Lyckhage (2012). Resultat: I resultatet fann författarna tre huvudkategorier: Hur drabbade stigmatiserar sig själva, Hur hiv/aids drabbade upplevde allmänhetens stigmatisering och Bristande förståelse från omgivningen.

The study's aim is to implement a textbook analysis and examine how women are described in history textbooks for high school and in the curriculums Lgy 70, Lpf 94 and Gy 11. The study has a gender perspective and the study's purpose is to make a comparative study and compare textbooks with the current curriculum and compare the results with each other to see if there has been any change over time. The survey's material is three editions of Alla tiders historia from Gleerups förlag. The study refers to editions from 1989, 1996 and 2011. General parts from Lgy 70, Lpf 94 and Gy 11 are also central for my study.

Bakgrund: År 2012 levde 30 miljoner människor världen över med HIV, varav Afrika är värst drabbats.  I takt med det ökande antalet HIV smittade i Afrika ökar sjuksköterskornas arbetsbelastning. Syfte var att undersöka de afrikanska sjuksköterskors erfarenheter i omvårdnaden av patienter med HIV/AIDS i Afrika. Metod: Litteraturstudie som bygger på elvavetenskapliga artiklar som hittades via databaserna Cinahl, PsycInfo och PubMed. Artiklarna analyserades och resulterade i två övergripande teman och fyra underteman.

This essay will investigate how the History subject has changed and developped in Sweden. For those who study the way subjects and the school itself change over time it becomes quite clear that they have gone through an enormous change. However this essay will focus on how the History subject, and mainly the teaching of the Antique, in particular, has changed. In order to find out how it has changed several things will be taken into account. First of all there will be interviews and conversaisions with several teacher and try to find out how it has changed, according to their experiences and belives.

Though still well used in Swedish schools, textbooks are no longer under any governmental control or inspection. It is now responsibilities of the teacher, thus, knowledge is considered crucial. Therefore, the aim of this study was firstly to investigate if and how four biology/natural science textbooks, produced 1957-2008 for primary school years (3) 4-6, expressed any sex, gender and/or sexuality norms. Moreover, due to thoughts of queer theoretic Judith Butler, the study also investigated if and how these three norms interacted. By examining what the textbooks mediated, the purpose was finally to find out if and how the norms differed or not.

Bakgrund: HIV/AIDS är en allvarlig, smittsam och kronisk immunbristsjukdom. Idag förekommer sjukdomen överallt i samhället, men en stereotyp bild av sjukdomen lever fortfarande kvar. HIV/AIDS är en stigmatiserande sjukdom och leder till diskriminering vilket förekommer i vården. Detta är ett problem eftersom att målet med hälso- och sjukvård är en god vård på lika villkor.Syfte: Att beskriva HIV/AIDS-positiva patienters upplevelser av diskriminering i vården.Metod: Litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats baserad på tio vetenskapliga originalartiklar. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomfördes i enlighet med Graneheim och Lundman (2004).Resultat: Två övergripande kategorier framkom; Diskriminerande handlingar med underrubrikerna felaktiga hygienrutiner, brytande av sekretess, nekad vård och kroppsspråk och Verbal diskriminering med underrubrikerna icke relevanta frågor och opassande språk och hårda ord.Slutsats: Patienter med HIV/AIDS blir utsatta för diskriminerande handlingar och verbal diskriminering i vården, vilket orsakar patienten vårdlidande.

The purpose of this paper is to find out how visually impaired people get information on Internet. Visually impaired people has got the right to be able to use the Internet like everyone else. We are also going to revise which aids visually impaired people use today, and how they work in practise. What problems can you run into when you use these aids? We are also going to revise how the webpages design affect the use of the Internet for the visually impaired people.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how Islam and Muslims are portrayed a) in results from studies on Swedish teaching materials, and b) in articles in Swedish media newspapers. The study was conducted through two separate studies. In the first study, five previous research reports on how Islam and Muslims are portrayed in Swedish teaching materials were analysed in order to discern the main results regarding the portrayal of Islam and Muslims. In the second study, newspaper articles from 11 Swedish newspapers were analysed in order to discern which central themes emerge in the description of Muslims and Islam in said newspaper articles, as well as which properties and features are attributed to Muslims and Islam in the articles studied. In both studies, the data was analysed inductively through a qualitative content analysis.

This essay is a study of ethics and morality in textbooks in religious education. The mainquestions in this essay is how ethics and morality are represented in the textbooks, what thebooks say about ethics and morality and, in some cases, what they don´t say about it. Toanswer these questions I have studied three textbooks in religios education and my methodwas content analysis and features of discourse analysis. The theory that I have used in thisessay is Emmanuel Levinas theory about ethics and the-other and Zygmunt Baumans theoryabout ethics in the postmodern society.The conclusion is for example that ethics and morality often is separeted from the rest of thereligious education and that Levinas and Baumans theories are not something that thetextbooks are very much influenced of..

Sjuksköterskor spelar en central roll i patienters vård, följaktligen också i vården av HIV- och AIDS-patienter. Antalet HIV-smittade i världen uppskattas år 2007 till ca 40 miljoner människor. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med HIV/AIDS i västvärlden. Metoden för studien är en litteraturstudie som följer Polit och Becks åtta steg. Databassökning gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och Medline samt genom manuell sökning.

This essay is a textbook study where I aim to review four textbooks regarding some historical events in the subject History. The textbooks are used in junior high school and the historical events are as follows: the genocide that happened in Congo during the leadership of king Leopold II, the genocide on Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, the Holocaust and the Vietnam War.By performing this study I wanted to answer these three questions:What differences and similarities can be found in how the events circumscribed?How much space do the various events have and has it evolved through the years 1980-2009?How can this be explained?The study has been analyzed from a post-colonial perspective and the recurring patterns that appear show how the texts are post-colonial. This means that the authors of the textbooks are writing about the same subjects, but in very different ways..