Context. In today?s society we use smart cards in many areas, NFC is a smart card technology that allows contactless interaction between a reader and the tag, the tag is often in the form of a card. NFC can be used for various payment methods or as access card to a building which makes life easier. In previous studies, the technique has proven to be weak to attacks using an NFC reader connected to a computer.

This study finds that the Swedish Government has a process for purchasing financial advisory services that is more transaction-oriented than the corresponding process at a Swedish private equity firm. The conclusion is supported by previous research comparing public and private sector purchasing processes. However, the differences between the two purchasing processes are not as significant as one might believe given the fact that the Government, unlike the private equity firm, has to operate under the Public Procurement Act (LOU). The tendency of the Swedish Government to apply a more relationoriented purchasing approach than expected is most likely driven by the fact that this represents the established professional norm for purchasing of professional services in the private sector. As LOU and the professional norm impose contradictory influences on the Swedish Government?s purchasing of financial advisory services, the final outcome depends on which of the two forces that dominate..

Research shows that unemployed´s motivation to seek work affects their health and social life. Employment officer?s motivational work should be based on strengthening the individual's confidence in their abilities. Five motivational theories underpinning the study is Cognitive Theory, Self-determination theory, Expectancy Value Theory, need theory and Goal Theory. The purpose of this study was to investigate individuals' job motivation, and emotional experiences, also in relation to contact with the employment officer.

This study is a quantitative study designed to examine whether training in health issues may have contributed to the increase in head managers' psychological capital (PsyCap). Construction consists of the following components: self confidence, hope, optimism and resilience. A high PsyCap considered beneficial in organizational change and steer towards the positive development and helps individuals in stressful situations. The results show an increase of characteristics such as hope and optimism among managers (N = 15) who have undergone training in health issues compared with managers who have not undergone training. However, the tests show no significant difference in head managers' attitudes to health breaks, not the severity of granting health breaks in the groups as a result of training.

While the technological infrastructure that enables collaboration between municipalities, counties and private health care providers improves, so does the need for health-care providers to gain access to the right patient journal at the right time. For doctors, nurses and other health-care organization employees this goal is achieved by NPÖ, National Patient Summary. NPÖ effectively enables health-care records to be shared across organizational boundaries. This thesis is based on a demand by a mobile application that can give district nurses access to health-care records wherever they are.This thesis describes the development of a prototype of a mobile application aimed for NPÖ. This includes investigating a suitable mobile platform, investigating available card readers for reading electronic identification from SITHS cards and the ability to connect to external services such as NPÖ.

Något av det svåraste som kan drabba oss är när en vän, familjemedlem eller släkting går bort eller drabbas av en sjukdom. Döden är en naturlig del av livet, men känns detta till trots jobbig eller rent av orättvis då den slår till. I de flesta fall är döden även resultatet av en sjukdom, en sjukdom som med dagens kunskap kanske hade varit möjlig att undvika. Eftersom döden i många fall har varit lite av ett mysterium genom människans historia har vi också lärt oss att rädas den. Nu, när den tekniska utvecklingen öppnar nya dörrar för att i förväg göra riskbedömningar av möjliga sjukdomar som kan drabba individen, så drar sig många undan.

This study aims at examine if an Europeanization is affecting the bilateral diplomatic relation between Sweden and Italy as managed by the national embassies. The questions asked to pursue the aim are; how the bilateral diplomatic work is managed between the countries, are there any signs of Europeanization within this relation or is it still contingent on intergovernmental principles? In this study an analytical model is created and used to analyze how the bilateral diplomacy between Italy and Sweden is managed through the embassies. The discussion on top ?down Europeanization by Tanja Börzel is central to the development of the analytical model.

Syfte och frågeställningar:Syftet med studien var att undersöka om slingträning av nedre bålen för individer med löparknä kan ge en reducering av skadeproblematiken.Syftet var även att studera om upplevelsen av smärta och begränsning i aktivitet förändrats hos dessa individer i en subjektiv bedömning. Löparknä innebär smärta på den yttre sidan av knät, mest vanligt hos löpare men även andra idrottare drabbas.Frågeställningar:I vilken omfattning kan slingträning av nedre bålen för individer med löparknä ge en mer funktionell styrka och även större uthållighet?Hur upplever individer med löparknä vid en subjektiv skattning att denna träning leder till en förändring av smärta och begränsning i aktivitet?Metod:Studien genomfördes som en kvantitativ experimentell studie, där en interventionsgrupp på sex löpare med löparknäproblem genomförde slingträning av nedre bålen. Detta skedde två gånger i veckan under sex veckor. Tester av funktionell styrka och uthållighet genomfördes den första veckan, efter tre veckor och efter sex veckor.

Syfte: Syftet med den här pilotstudien är att undersöka om lokal antibiotikagel, 8,8 % doxycyklin, som tilläggsbehandling kan förbättra läkningen av inflammerade tandköttsfickor hos vuxna rökande patienter under stödbehandling. Material och metod: I den här dubbel-blinda randomiserade kontrollerade pilotstudien valdes 20 vuxna rökande patienter ut från ett parodontalt stödbehandlingsprogram. Patienterna indelades i två grupper, 10 i testgruppen (doxycyklingel 8,8 %) och 10 i kontrollgruppen (placebogel). Vid baseline och tre månader efter behandling utfördes parodontal klinisk registrering. Patienterna fick behandling med scaling och debridering i hela bettet, testgruppen fick applicering av doxycyklingel vid testtänder (PPD ? 5 millimeter, BOP) och kontrollgruppen fick placebogel applicerad vid kontrolltänder (PPD ? 5 millimeter, BOP).

Kreativitet är resultatet av personliga egenskaper, kognitiva förmågor och sociala miljöer. Studiens syftet var att undersöka hur kreativitet är relaterat till självkänsla, ålder och genus hos gymnasieungdomar. 111 deltagare varav 77 flickor, 17-21 år deltog. Ett tredelat test användes med frågor om fritidsaktiviteter (aktivitet), ett självkänslatest (?Jag tycker jag är?) samt ett kreativitetstest (Unusual Uses test).

Fysisk aktivitet kan förebygga och minska åldersrelaterade fysiologiska och psykologiska förändringar. Effekterna av funktionell träning för äldre är dåligt studerat. I Sörmland pågår ett fallpreventionsprojekt som syftar till att halvera antalet höftfrakturer till år 2012. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om äldres balans, benstyrka och self-efficacy, en persons grad av självtillit att utföra en specifik aktivitet framgångsrikt, påverkades av att göra fem uppresningar från sittande till stående två gånger om dagen under fyra veckor. En intervention genomfördes med 23 deltagare på ett servicehus/äldreboende.

For centuries Islam and Muslims have been subject to islamophobic attitudes in the west. The purpose with this study was to see into the making of open and closed attitudes against Islam and Muslims from a conflict in southern Thailand, and also to so see if Muslims are portrayed as more violent than the Buddhist groups in the conflict. The aim of the study is also to see if Muslims fall into a violent stereotype. This was studied by looking at five Swedish newspapers coverage of the conflict, during a given time. To be able to look into this, two theories will be used, the first one is the Runnymede Trust theory, which is about open and closed attitudes against Islam and Muslims.

Researchers at Karlstad University have developed a method for making paper ion conducting. The reasearchers want to test this technique in various applications and produce products that make use of the ion-conducting paper. Hopefully this will drive the development forward and result in new applications for the ion-conducting paper.This study was to test the possibility of manufacturing a gas sensor of conducting paper along with electrodes of conductive polymers printed on the paper. By comparing the paper sensor with an electrochemical cell in which the electrodes of conductive polymer replaces electrodes of metal and ion-conductive paper replaces the liquid electrolyte in the electrochemical cell, it was hoped that it would be possible to measure the oxidation and reduction reactions that a gas could introduce at the electrodes.It was shown that it is possible to measure a potential difference in the range of 0.3 V to 0.5 V between the electrodes when exposing an electrode to 100% oxygen. The reaction that takes place is relatively slow and the reaction rate is partly due to the distance between the electrodes.Since the sensor can measure oxidation and reduction reactions it is possible that, in further development of a sensor, the sensor can be made ??into a versatile sensor with more applications than gas measurement as there are many more ways to oxidize or reduce the electrodes than by exposure to oxygen.During the study there have been discussions and meetings held with various companies in the sensor industry to be able to specify what the market demands of a sensor made ??of paper and the requirements that must be placed on the sensor for it to be interesting for the companies..

In this thesis a possible cost effective runner change of some of the units in the hydroelectric power station Olidan is investigated. The possibility to drive a unit at the same efficiency point through a change of the turbine shaft speed and the rate of discharge is tested. Furthermore the theories behind model testing, determination of efficiency increase from model to prototype and efficiency measurements shall be discussed and analyzed with Olidan as a starting point.A predicted curve has been built on information from model tests and field measurements on the existing runners and runner data from the test of the new model. The predicted curve shows the difference in efficiency between an existing runner and a modern one. It is the difference in efficiency that is used in the calculations that are to show whether changing to a pair of new runners will be cost effective or not.

Research shows that unemployed´s motivation to seek work affects their health and social life. Employment officer?s motivational work should be based on strengthening the individual's confidence in their abilities. Five motivational theories underpinning the study is Cognitive Theory, Self-determination theory, Expectancy Value Theory, need theory and Goal Theory. The purpose of this study was to investigate individuals' job motivation, and emotional experiences, also in relation to contact with the employment officer.